Abstract
This paper looks at Hong Kong's short history and its success as the result of the effect of immigration and emigration on Hong Kong's social and cultural life since WWII.

Abstract
This is a comparison of four articles: Wendy Cameron's "Selecting Peter Robinson's Irish Emigrants"; an excerpt from Helen Cowan's "British Emigration to British North America: The First Hundred Years"; an excerpt from Hugh Johnston's "British Emigration Policy, 1815-1830: Shovelling out Paupers"; and an excerpt from Norman Macdonald's "Canada 1763-1841: Immigration and Settlement: The Administration of the Imperial Land Regulations". It looks at how all of these are reputable authors commenting on the assisted emigration of Irish emigrants to Upper Canada in 1823 and 1825.

Tags:canada, ireland, emigration

Abstract
The paper looks at the fall of communism in the USSR in 1991 when emigration restriction policies were changed and many people could finally emigrate to the United States. The paper discusses the ongoing struggles of Russia, Ukraine and other former Soviet republics to become democratic countries. The paper explains that these lingering uncertainties, combined with pervasive political corruption and economic stagnation, have convinced many over the last few years that emigrating to the United States is their only hope of a better future.

From the Paper
"Hutchinson (1981) notes that throughout its history, the United States has experienced continuous immigration, for American political freedoms, religious tolerance, economic opportunities, and huge geographical size have combined to draw millions of people from all around the world to our shores, in hopes of building better lives for themselves and their children. Over the years, the pace of immigration has waxed and waned depending upon political, religious, and economic conditions overseas, and has consisted at different times of a wave of immigrants from Northern European countries, then from southern and eastern European countries, and more recently from Asia and the former republics of the Soviet Union."

Tags:opportunities, Communism, democracy, Gorbachev, anti-immigration, policies

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of Trinidadian immigration to Canada, including conditions promoting emigration, types of labor performed by immigrants, distinctive features of the group's culture, areas settled by the immigrants, hurdles faced by them, and what kinds of discrimination immigrants face after relocating.

From the Paper
"Today many immigrants from Trinidad call Canada home. Despite their small numbers, Trinidadians have had a significant impact on Canadian culture, economics and the labor market. While recent attempts to curb immigration have been enacted by the Canadian government..."

Tags:racism, prejudice, festivals, domestic workers, education, women, language, economics, Trinidad, Immigration, Canada

Abstract
The discussion explains the push-pull factors responsible for this wave of emigration, what the Jews faced in America, strategies they used to ultimately survive in their new land, and a conclusion that discusses the fate of Jews in contemporary U.S. society.

From the Paper
"There has been a Jewish presence in the population of the United States of America since the colonial era of the ...th century, although their numbers remained small and these early Jewish communities consisted mainly of Sephardic Jewish immigrants of Spanish and Portuguese origins. More significant Jewish immigration occurred in the 19th century when Ashkenazi Jews from Germany emigrated to the U.S. By ..., the U.S. Jewish population stood at about ..., but most of these immigrants were educated secular German Jews who toiled as shopkeepers..."

Tags:assimilation, intermarriage, social institutions, Ashkenazi, Russian pogroms, persecution, education, Immigration Restriction Act 1924, ethnicity, eugenics, quotas

Abstract
This paper examines the evolution of Canadian immigration policy since the second World War. Specifically, the paper looks at the dramatic shift that took place in the 1960s as Canada began to move away from its old preferential immigration policy under the Pearson government. Further, the paper illustrates how political, economic and demographic factors created a remarkable amount of momentum for policies which opened the doors (and kept them open) for non-European arrivals from the latter 1960s onward.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the evolution of Canadian Immigration policy since the Second World War. Specifically, the paper will look at the dramatic shift which took place in the 1960s as Canada began to move away from its old preferential immigration policy under the Pearson government. Further, the paper will look at how political, economic and demographic factors created a remarkable amount of momentum for policies which opened the doors (and kept them open) for non-European arrivals from the latter 1960s onward. Simply put, the 1960s saw a belief emerge that race-based quotas were inappropriate in the latter-part of the twentieth ..."

Tags:Pearson, emigrate, history, law

Abstract
The paper explains why and when immigration occurs. The paper discusses how, before the fall of the Soviet Union, it was difficult for people from any of the Soviet republics to emigrate, but with the fall of Communism in 1991, emigration restriction policies were changed and many people emigrated to the United States and other Western countries. The paper then looks at how emigration from Russia, Ukraine and other former Soviet republics has steadily increased since then.

From the Paper
"Immigration occurs when people in a certain country or region are experiencing political or religious oppression, economic distress, famine, war, or a host of other grave problems that convince them that they have no choice but to leave their native land for a new country and a new life in another land. Over the last two hundred years, more people have immigrated to the United States than any other country, and have often found life so good here that they have contacted family and friends in the old country and have convinced them to come to America as well. More specifically, the United States has witnessed a 40% increase immigration from the Soviet Union since the early 1980's. This serves as an explicit example of the vast cultural and political changes during the fall of the Communist regime in the Soviet Union, and its impact on the immigration."

Tags:tolerance, economic, opportunities, homeland, ethnic, minorities, Communism, Democracy

Abstract
This paper describes the conditions in Ireland that pushed people to leave for Canada, the pull factors that made British North America so attractive. The author states that the immigration was successful for both Ireland and British North America: Ireland reduced population and Canada received Irish immigration who provided the unskilled labor required to develop the country, a population to protect the colony under any further attacks from the United States and the political and economic influence of the Irish people. The paper states that there were problems such as an overwhelming flood of immigrants in the case of the exodus of 1847, cholera outbreak in Canada in the 1830s and poverty. Annotated bibliography.

From the Paper
"From 1815 to 1870 approximately 875,000 Irish embarked on ships heading to British North America. Usually immigration had a positive impact for both the homeland and the colonies; for owners of timber ships it solved the problem of sending empty ships westward across the Atlantic, and for Irish landlords it could be used to reduce unnecessary labor on their estates. For most emigrants the effects of moving from their homeland was also positive, because many found employment, land and wealth in Canada that they could not have obtained in Ireland. For the entire century various factors played a part in the experience of emigrating. The class, religion and wealth of the people themselves varied, with the highest classes and wealthiest leaving before the famine, and with the poorest fleeing around mid-century. The factors pushing emigrants from Ireland and pulling themselves towards British North America also changed as the century progressed. For most people the lack of opportunity in Ireland, and the plentiful employment, land, and the chance of improving ones position in society in Canada, were cited as being the main reasons for leaving."

Tags:poverty, culture, labor, population, employment

From the Paper
"In recent years, the Soviet Union has eased restrictions on its visa laws. As a result, there has been a dramatic increase in emigration from that country. In 1989, for example, at least 228,500 people left the Soviet Union--"more than twice as many as in 1988" ("While the going," 1990, p. 55). This figure is made all the more remarkable by the fact that there are an estimated 3 to 5 million more Soviet citizens who would like to emigrate if they could (Klein, 1990, p. 16). A large percentage of the Soviet Union's recent emigres have been Jews. In fact, it has been noted that "tens of thousands of Jews and members of other minorities have been leaving the Soviet Union under the new rules" ("Soviet emigres," 1990, p. A10). One source has claimed that more than 62,500 Jews emigrated from the Soviet Union during the year 1989 (Goldman, 1989, p. 29). Many of the Jews who..."

From the Paper
"According to Canadian Arabophile Baha Abu Laban, the wave of Arab immigration to Canada can be traced to 1882, when Syrian-Lebanese immigrants began to arrive in Montreal. This immigration was marginal until 1945, when it began increasing on an annual basis (Abu Laban, 1991). The Canadian Encyclopedia (1998) points out that by 1991, 151,125 Canadians claimed Arab single origin and a further 52,820 claimed Arab multiple origins (i.e., Arab plus one or 2 other ethnic classifications), for a total of 203,945 Arab-origin Canadians.
That figure was, in 1998, estimated to be some 300,000 citizens. The Encyclopedia also points out the major distinction that "Arab Canadian" does not refer to one religious affiliation, country of origin or distance from the immigration generation but to the mixture of ..."