Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that with the large increase of immigrants arriving in the last part of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first, Canada has seen some economic benefits, but these benefits are far outweighed by the burden of increased immigration. The writer points out that the government, in an attempt to bolster the Canadian economy, has sought to increase immigration, and thus increase their country's economic status. The writer maintains that immigration is beneficial in many ways, for it does offer a fix for some ails, and it also creates a larger workforce. However, the writer concludes that immigration alone cannot answer or strengthen Canada's economy other than in a superficial and short term way.

From the Paper
"This large immigration rate is not a result of chance or of Canada suddenly becoming the new land of opportunity as the United States did in the late 1800's and the early 1900's. It is not because there is a new Lady Liberty placed in Toronto or Vancouver calling for the worlds poor huddled masses. Rather this increase in immigration is due to an intentional government policy change. The government, in an attempt to bolster the Canadian economy, has sought to increase immigration, and thus increase their country's economic status. Canada has long suffered from a shortage of labor and an economy that at times was strong and suffered greatly at others. One way that they addressed the issue was to create programs that would allow the current population to meet the labor shortage. Initially, that seemed to work, but it could not truly answer the labor shortage for several years."

Tags:labor, population, immigrants, strain

Abstract
The paper discusses how while globalization has become a defining factor of the contemporary world order, it should not be forgotten that this complex economic and political phenomenon has also had direct impact at the local level in regions such as the Greater Toronto Area. This paper focuses on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular. The thesis is argued that the impact of globalization and immigration in this regard has been mixed: on the one hand fostering economic growth and the creation of a multicultural society, while on the other increasing social and economic inequality leading to the concentration and segregation of immigrant populations within urban spaces. Beginning first with an outline of globalization and its relationship to immigration in the Canadian context, this paper explores in greater detail the impact of these phenomena upon the local geographies of immigrant settlement in the urban and suburban areas of the Greater Toronto region.

From the Paper
"While globalization has become a defining factor of the contemporary world order, it should not be forgotten that this complex economic and political phenomenon has also had direct impact at the local level in regions such as the Greater Toronto Area. This paper will focus on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular."

Tags:immigration, globalization, economic

Abstract
This paper discusses how, during much of the 20th century, the Canadian leadership and general population placed immigrant groups into a hierarchy of social acceptability. This hierarchy was based on commonly accepted ethnic stereotypes connected to physical features and the capacity to conform to the norms of British culture. Overall, Canadian elites welcomed immigration for the sake of economic objectives, but their immigration policies were modified by those who argued that immigrants must be assimilable into Canadian society.

Abstract
This paper reviews the defining characteristics of the Canadian government's public policies regarding immigration and settlement in recent years, and the emphasis upon the economic value to Canada of immigrants and immigration. This essay argues, that if one examines Canadian immigration and settlement policy in a larger historical context, one can recognize how both racism and sexism have been played important roles as primary factors in shaping these policies.

Tags:canada, race, immigration

Abstract
Without doubt, Canada is a country of immigrants. This is both a historical and contemporary fact. Though popular media tends to focus on the ethnic composition of migration through Canadian history, in the day-to-day lives of Canadians it is the economic implications of Canadian immigration policy that is more relevant. Ethnicity is often noted, and is important, particularly in social and cultural terms. However, economic factors are the bottom-line of immigration, and B.C. is no exception. Economic factors also underly the link between multiculturalism and immigration in Canada.

From the Paper
Without doubt, Canada is a country of immigrants. This is both a historical and contemporary fact. Though popular media tends to focus on the ethnic composition of migration through Canadian history, in the day-to-day lives of Canadians it is the economic implications of Canadian immigration policy that is more relevant. Ethnicity is often noted, and is important, particularly in social and cultural terms. Canada owes its multicultural society to the accommodation of French Canada within a British colony and then Commonwealth member. Today, multicultural policy is a primary social identification of Canadians. However, it would be difficult to understate the economic impact of Canadian immigration. The

Tags:british, columbia, immigration

Abstract
The paper discusses how the policy of immigration and its legal regulation has long been a defining aspect of Canadian social, political, cultural and legal discourse. The paper relates that in the Canadian context, while immigration policy is defined by a range of public and private actors, it is implemented and regulated by state institutions. The paper argues, with reference to a comparative analysis of three recent articles on immigration and diversity from the Toronto Star, the Globe and Mail, and the Ottawa Citizen, that conflicting ideologies and representations of the objects of regulations in these publications reveal the economic and class basis of immigration policy and its legal regulation in Canada today.

From the Paper
"The policy of immigration and its legal regulation has long been a defining aspect of Canadian social, political cultural and legal discourse. As one critic observes: The regulation of immigration has been one of the major social policy instruments employed by capitalist states. Immigration controls and social programs are among the most important means through which states attempt to regulate the size and character of national populations."

Tags:law, theory, immigration

Abstract
This paper addresses the question of what it means to say that the Canadian population is reproduced from the perspective of labor force reproduction. It discusses the effects of the intersection of fertility and immigration over labor force reproduction. It then discusses how this reproduction has shaped the economic structures of society in the interest of big business.

From the Paper
"Thus, the labor force of Canada was not biologically reproducing itself on a generational basis by the last decades of the twentieth century. In order to meet this shortfall, the Government of Canada resorted to immigration to supply a labor force to meet the demands of the Canadian economy. These demands are complex, for the Labor Force Reproduction model indicates that the economy needs a labor supply not only in terms of production but also to consume the goods produced. As a result, in the years in which the Canadian fertility rates were declining (after 1956) the Canadian immigration levels were increasing. From 1954 to 1992 Canada accepted 5.7 million immigrants. These immigrants fulfilled a wide number of economic roles in Canadian society, from contributing as business class immigrants and supplying entrepreneurial investment funds, to those who work in the commercial and corporate sectors. In addition, we must not forget the significant numbers of immigrants who worked as unpaid labor - often women - and so subsidized the paid labor force in Canada."

Tags:government, economy, immigration, fertility

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses two news accounts that presented similar backgrounds regarding the Chinese immigrants in the 19th century and the 20th century. The writer compares and contrasts events taken from these two time periods with academic sources detailing the same. The writer notes that economic strife and the hope of acquiring wealth, while apparently more pronounced in the 20th century, was the primary motivator for these people to take life-threatening risks as well as the risk of being turned back. The writer points out that the politico-social climate had perceptibly changed since 1860, particularly regarding the shift of perceptions of immigrants by native Canadians from a racial, white superiority perspective against the backdrop of colonialism to that of cultural paranoia fueled by biased media coverage and political secondary gain. The writer concludes that although steps have been taken to control immigration, cultural diversity remains elusive. This paper includes a detailed summary and notes regarding each of the sources.


Outline:
The 19th Century
20th Century
Conclusion

From the Paper
"This was one of the first accounts of local press during the 1860s regarding the arrival of Chinese migrants to British Columbia. Being of a foreign land, they initially shared the white man's dreams of finding fortune in the new province similar to the California gold rush. It was an equal proving ground where, literally, one could keep what he reaped from the mines. However, as the fervor of finding instant fortune soon died down in the south, so did the gold rush in British Columbia. This did not mean that other industries were in lack. Indeed, the lumbering and agricultural industries were also abundant, owing to the gold rush that had to be sustained by settlements and towns requiring building materials and a means with which to feed the inhabitants."

Tags:migrations, colonies, gold, immigrant, workers

Abstract
This paper compares the political ideology, similarities and differences and application to real world economics of three Canadian think tanks: Center for the Study of Living Standards, Canadian Center for Policy Initiatives and Montreal Economic Institute. The paper explains that, although all the three think tanks claim to be independent research agencies without political goals, an examination of their publications and policies, reveals that they can be classified as advocates of a certain political and economic ideology. The paper concludes that knowing the political ideology of each think tank is important to understanding their recommended policies especially in the areas of wages for immigrants, the food crisis, and living standards.

From the Paper
"On the other end of the spectrum, the Montreal Economic Institute can be described as a Neo-liberal think tank. The organization, which was founded in 1999, seeks to "promote an economic approach to the study of public policy issues." By studying the organization's publications, however, one can quickly realize that most contributors call under the classification of Neo-liberal economists. Shah calls Neo-liberalism the "mechanism for global trade and investment." The movement is the one practiced by capitalists and free market economists."

Tags:independent socialism interventionalist neo-liberal, economic equality

Abstract
This paper explains that Canadian immigration policy is defined by a range of public and private actors, but is implemented and regulated by state institutions. The paper then argues, with reference to a comparative analysis of three recent articles on immigration and diversity from the Toronto Star, the Globe and Mail, and the Ottawa Citizen, conflicting ideologies and representations of the objects of regulations in these publications reveal the economic and class basis of immigration policy and its legal regulation in Canada today.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Media Actors and Representations
Critical Background: Immigration and the Concept of Diversity
Contemporary Representations of Immigration

From the Paper
"Some critics have argued that the history of the discourse on Canadian diversity has shifted over the course of the twentieth century - from the early years as described above to the present day - over which time the focus shifted from the "problem of immigration" and preventing more diversity from arriving, to the "naturalization problem" of coping with the existing diversity within Canadian borders. However, a critical analysis of the media representations of immigration and diversity within a short span of time - in three different publications in two Canadian metropolises - suggest that this argument may be flawed. From this perspective, the regulatory aspect of the "problem of immigration" remains a core element in the representation of this issue in Canadian media today."

Tags:tourism, racism, mexican, advocacy, criminalization