Abstract
This paper discusses the style of Edgar Allen Poe's writing. It specifically discusses his style, as seen in "The System of Dr. Tarr and Professor Fether", one of his most successful "comedies". The paper shows how Poe uses the imagery of an ape to develop a strong theme throughout his work and manipulate the reader's understanding through interplay of hoaxes.

From the Paper
""Tarred and Fethered" as well as "Rue Morgue" are emblematic of Poe's style of humor. It is not intended to be "funny" in the traditional sense but is rather an elaborate hoax. Once the hoax is discovered the reader has a sense of "funny violation", in that we have discovered the hidden key and secret of the narrative. The projection of men as ape is a symbol of our base nature and the extension of our Id. This theme is strongly established through both of these narratives. Poe problematizes humor by consistently challenging us to identify the nature of his humor and who he is directing it to. "Tarred and Fethered" is an extremely elaborate hoax, and Poe uses the subtle contrasts between the genius and the dupe, to lure the reader further and further into his trap. In the end it appears harmless, as we confidently feel that we mastered the riddle. Poe presents the narrator of "Tarred and Fethered" as the final dupe, and leaves us only with a chuckle at the strange but fascinating tale."

Tags:narrative, humor, characterization

Abstract
The paper discusses how Jean de La Lafontaine's fables take on a new perspective that makes them applicable to late 17th century French society. The paper analyzes his fables and shows how Lafontaine is particularly outspoken about certain elements of French society, such as the bourgeoisie class, while he often addresses the poor. The paper identifies his purpose in writing as well as the central themes in the stories. The paper therefore demonstrates how Lafontaine's animal characters are metaphors for French society and its class structure during the second half of the 17th century.

Outline:
Lafontaine and French Social Class
Messages to the Poor and Purpose in Writing
Comparison and Contrast

From the Paper
"Lafontaine version of Aesop's Fables marks a valuable literary contribution for several reasons. The first is that it helped to preserve a body of work that may have otherwise fallen into the cracks of history to be forgotten. The second is that he "modernized" the originals to reflect modern French society and thought at the time. The fables still teach important moral lessons, but they have a new perspective that makes them more applicable to late 17th century French society. Lafontaine was only one of many that re-wrote the original Aesop's fables for their time period."

Tags:classes, wealthy, bourgeoisie

Abstract
Langston Hughes is perhaps one of the most significant African-American writers of his time because his poetry and prose spoke to a wide audience. It explains that another aspect of Hughes's popularity was his ability to focus on black music, such as jazz and the blues; his racial protest; and poems of that affirmed the African-American experience. It shows how, through these three core ideas, Hughes is able to successfully relate the positive and negative aspects of his experience. Hughes employs the techniques of humor, imagery, and rhythm to emphasize his points, and, as a result, proves himself to be a master at identifying with his African-American heritage.

From the Paper
"Paul Lauter states that Langston Hughes was a "bright young star of the Negro Renaissance" (Lauter 1487). In Lauter's opinion, Hughes' greatest discovery was Harlem. This experience allowed him to become enmeshed in the "language, music, and feeling of the common people of Harlem. Proud of his folk heritage, Hughes made the spirituals, blues, and jazz the bases of the poetic expression. Because he was a victim of segregation and prejudice, he was "steadfast in his devotion to human rights" (1487). As a result of his experiences, Hughes versatility allowed him to write meaningful poetry, fiction, and essays."

Tags:heritage, black

Abstract
This paper tells how Crane's family, travels, his real life experiences and the time era in which he grew up and wrote (the era of Social Darwinism and Devout Humanists) encouraged him to be the type of writer that he was. This paper also shows Crane's writing styles of "impressionistic color" and "detailed symbolism" and gives examples from the story. It shows too how Crane used the underlying themes of "picturesque imagery" and "incisive irony" in "The Open Boat."

From the Paper
"Stephen Crane was one of America's foremost naturalistic writers. Crane exercised keen observations, as well as personal experience to achieve a narrative vividness and sense of contiguity realized by few American writers before him (Votleler 97). Stephen Crane was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1871. He was the youngest of fourteen children born to a father, a Methodist Minister, and a socially reform minded mother. Crane's family settled in America during the mid-seventeenth century. Although his parents were religious people, Stephen systematically rejected religious and social traditions. He is described as a temperamentally gentle man, however, was obsessed with war and other forms of physical and psychic violence (Baym 741)."

Tags:darwinism, marxism, cuba, survival, commodore, narrative, structures, color, imagery

Abstract
This paper attempts to understand the final speech by Othello within the content of the play by understanding Shakespeare's overall writing style and his development of the main character, Othello. He finds that Othello's final speech redeems him even after he murders his wife and is duped by Iago. Through the use of imagery and metaphors, Shakespeare is able to generate a considerable impact on the audience positioning them for the full extent of the tragic outcome.

From the Paper
"Othello is considered by some to be a poem and like most poems, it achieves its impact largely through imagery--language that appeals to the senses. The richness and quantity of Shakespeare's imagery make it impossible to translate the language of his day into modern English. Let's examine consider the way Shakespeare uses the imagery to define character in Othello. The use of imagery in this case is what makes each character's voice so recognizable, and rarely did Shakespeare use it more brilliantly when he did in creating Othello."

Tags:imagery, metaphors, desdemona, deception, race, jealousy, suicide

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes Claire Harris' "Drawing Down a Daughter", explaining it as a book that is not to be described simply. The paper reports that the book is basically a prose poem but also incorporates other styles of writing such as stream of consciousness and life writing. The paper also reports that the book contains a number of interrelated themes but the central one concerns the concept of birthgift. To understand that theme it is essential to understand cultural context which is primarily African as well as Caribbean.

Tags:type, imagery, culture

Abstract
This paper takes a critical look at the theories that David Campbell puts across in his paper "Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity". It points out how the majority of studies on the role of identity in politics tend to look at the accepting of war, the imagery of war, the narratives of war, the symbolic technologies of war and the like and how in Campbell's work, this is not the case. It then discusses the concerns and concepts as outlined in Campbell's article, to do with the identity in politics.

Outline
Introduction
Representation of Identity
Conclusion

From the Paper
"An unwillingness to be specific enough in asking the 'how-possible' question when it comes to outbreak of war is also a feature of post structural scholarship which draws less heavily on the psychoanalytical tradition. Among abundant examples (Behnke, 1997; Hansen, 1997; Neumann, 1996) I choose to illustrate the point by casting a glance at David Campbell's book Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity. The main reason for choosing this work is that in my view the overall most successful empirical reading of identity that we have in IR. The book is a thick description of US foreign policy as a seamless web of discourse and political practice which has played itself out through a series of engagements with others from the time of Cortes and up to the Gulf War. The US self is understood as a narrative structure, and it is argued that 'For a state to end its practices of representation would be to expose its lack of prediscursive foundations; stasis would be death' (Campbell, 1992: 11)."

Tags:distribution, european, frontier, democrats, ehtnic, infrastructure, tradition, violence

Abstract
This paper uses Poe's "The Cask of Amontillado", Chopin's "The Story of an Hour", and Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" to demonstrate the importance and effectiveness of techniques such as imagery, symbolism, and the use of a narrator as a character in fictional writing.

From the Paper
"The narrator's voice in fiction is one of the most important elements in fiction for a variety of reasons, as the two works, "The Cask of Amontillado" by Poe and "The Story of an Hour" by Chopin clearly illustrate. Poe's makes his story more dramatic and chilling by using a first-person narrator who not only brings the reader into the action, but is actually the person walling up his "friend" because he wants revenge for a perceived wrong. The story would certainly have been different if Poe had used third person narration. Not only would it remove the perpetrator of the crime as the only voice the reader knows, it would break up the story by perhaps adding the thoughts and feelings of Fortunato as he was walled up, and this would take away the climax of the dramatic ending of the story."

Tags:third, person, narration, personal, first, person, viewpoint, omniscient, images, meanings, literal

Abstract
The writer states that Virginia Woolf starts the narrative with her well placed and very peculiar facility of words declaring "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." The writer describes that this account is a vivid and playful sarcasm, interwoven into a drama surrounding imaginary characters. This article shows how Woolf regards the stature of women and their dependence upon men. The writer demonstrates that Woolf shows humor and sarcasm in her story in order to portray her line of reasoning. The writer also provides
examples of comparisons and imagery used by the author in her work.

From the Paper
"Woolf has created a transition of sequence from a luncheon at Oxbridge to a dinner at an ordinary Women's university, highlighting both stark and grim contrasts between male and female congregations, with wine and water, from bright lights to low flames and enchanting to a downright gossipy conversation. "Everything looks slightly less hopeful from this perspective, and we see that with reduced privilege comes a corresponding atrophy of one's sense of power and possibility--" By this she holds "reduced privileges" accountable for the flaws in female persona and their sense of power and will to consider possibilities of thinking about something creative and interesting."

Tags:stature, literary, creativity, female

Abstract
This paper looks at the life of one of the most renowned Victorian poets, Alfred, Lord Tennyson. The author discusses how his works reflected the moral and intellectual values of his time, Tennyson's inspirations, the mystical imagery in his poems, and his vast popularity. The paper examines two of Tennyson's most famous works, In Memoriam and Morte D'Arthur.

From the Paper
"A true spokesperson for the middle-class Victorians, Alfred, Lord Tennyson reflected prevailing altitudes toward moral and religious concerns of individuals living in a universe redefined by scientific discoveries. A chief representative, and perhaps the most influential poet of the Victorian era in poetry, Tennyson uses his beliefs, personal experiences, and problems to write some of the greatest poetry ever written."

Tags:arthur, memoriam, morte, victorian, class, mill, dickens, ulysses