Abstract
This paper examines how since the implementation of the modern British welfare state in 1945, the various regimes have been organized around an ideological triangle of family, work and nation. It looks at how this concept draws attention to the way in which welfare policies and practices are the product of a society characterized by normative representations of class, race and gender, which in turn determine the constitution of welfare citizenship. It shows how since 1945, ideological assumptions underpinning the social settlement have altered along with the changing political, economic and social landscape of Britain. It maps these changes, demonstrating the consequences for the development of successive welfare regimes. It also gives a chronological account of the way in which assumptions about class, race and gender influence welfare policy and practice.

From the Paper
"During the immediate post-war years there was a significant labor shortage and so the British government began a deliberate policy of encouraging immigration from Commonwealth countries. The British Nationality Act 1948 enshrined in law the right of Commonwealth citizens and their families to work and settle in Britain. However, many migrants found that despite Commonwealth citizenship, their immediate welfare needs were not being met (Clarke et al, 2001). For example, the eligibility criteria for provision of public housing, with regards to length of residence, served to exclude the newly arrived migrants."

Tags:citizenship, class, conservatism, discrimination, immigration, labour, liberalism

Abstract
This paper critically assesses the main themes underlying the ideological discourse of the Front National Party of France in the 1980s and 1990s. It begins by outlining the ideological assumptions upon which the Front National is founded. Then, in order to understand this ideological, the paper examines the factors that led to the break down of the pre-millennium consensus.

From the Paper
"It is also clear that the growth of the Front National came about as a direct result of the collapse of the political consensus. With this political collapse there followed a parallel reduction in the acceptance of the liberalisation movements of the 1960s and 1970s and what they brought about. However, one thing that is certain is that the issues that have been highlighted above are important to a great number in the French electorate. Since 2002 the Front National has grown to be the third largest party in French politics. Moreover, given the proportional electoral system adopted in French elections it is far from impossible to think that in the future the party may gain a foothold in government. If the leading moderate parties are to avert such an end it will be necessary for them to clearly highlight the flaws in Front National's ideological outlook whilst at the same time addressing the very real concerns their ideological position has generated."

Tags:consensus electorate, Jean Marie Le Pen

Abstract
Initially the manner in which ideological assumptions permeate society is briefly explored. Then the pervasiveness and influence of ideology is explored with specific reference to the liberal democratic state and the Marxist criticism of it. 5 pgs.

Abstract
This paper aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the major themes and debates which take place in political scientific discourse. Firstly, the concept of the state is assessed on the basis of whether it is a modern institutional construct. Secondly, the main similarities and differences between Conservatism and Liberalism are examined. The third section deals with the issue of democracy and assesses whether it represents 'the tyranny of the majority'. Fourthly, the writer outlines which of the primary political ideologies he considers to be the most appealing and the reasons which account for this appeal. Finally, the failings of the various ideologies discussed are outlined in a way which provides a different assessment from that made in section four.

From the Paper
"Nonetheless, Socialism as understood by the actions of the old Labour party in Britain is hugely effective and beneficial in a number of ways. Firstly, the overt willingness to bring about state provision and direction in terms of social policy is a positive tenet of socialist thinking. As such, the wish to instil greater levels of equality in society is certainly achieved to some degree by state welfare provision (Pearce and Stewart; 2002). The socialist outlook on such provision is far more comprehensive than that offered by Conservatives such as David Hume and also moves beyond the piecemeal approach of Liberal thinkers (Rejai; 1995). Therefore, Socialist conceptions of universal and comprehensive welfare provision allows for greater equality in society and also more effective ability for social progression and development."

Tags:Conservatism, Liberalism, Democracy, Socialism

Abstract
This paper explores the assumption that the views and theories about nationalism are to a great extent determined by the dominant theories, philosophies and perceptions of the age. In this sense it is a contention of this paper that modern nationalism needs to be understood within the context of the broader issues of modern and postmodern speculative thought. This paper also attempts to ascertain the way that theorists and thinkers over the years have understood and influenced the concept and ideology of nationalism. The study therefore provides an overview of the salient most cogent theories and perspectives on the changing views of nationalism. Additionally, the paper attempts to refer these theories and counter theories to actual contemporary situations.

Table of Contents
Introduction
What is Nationalism?
Nationalism and Ideology
Cultural Nationalism
Romanticism and Nationalism
Nationalism as a Social Construction
Hobsbawm and Geller
Summations and Reflections

From the Paper
"It is something of a truism to say that ethnic and nationalist movements have become a dominant force in the world in the past century. It is also relatively easy to forecast that the future of Europe will be shaped to a great extent by nationalistic imperatives and philosophies. One only has to look at the recent history of Eastern Europe and the Balkans for general and tentative conformation of these assumptions. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the fragmentation of the region have allowed nationalisms and ethnic groups to emerge in many areas. And, according to modern theorists of nationalism, we are also seeing the invention of new "nationalisms" that are being constructed by political and ideological forces - sometimes with devastating consequences."

Tags:politcal, social, philosophical, discourse, national, identity, sentiments, movements

Abstract
This paper argues that the medical community pathologizes human behaviors, or, for example, the police respond to deviance as violating social law. The academic community must theoretically negotiate and rationalize its contradictory role of both endorsing the structural oppressions in society and engaging with the consequential social issues in contexts of problem-solving. This paper will be deviating from the ideological assumption that such a thing as "normal" exists. Instead, this paper will attempt to explain how alcoholism and suicide can be understood as rational responses to an inescapably irrational society.

Abstract
This paper discusses "whiteness" in American classic literature, with emphasis Melville's "Moby Dick" and states that Melville paints a terrifying picture of the horrors of overwhelming whiteness as represented by the White Whale. The paper contrasts Melville's fear of "whiteness" with Emerson's concept that white is beautiful. The author of the paper concludes that it is often necessary to rethink classical conceptions of American literature.

From the Paper
"Emerson says change the way you see (spiritually as well as physically), and change the world. Melville states that our ability to see is corrupt and rotten with a palsied whiteness. Emerson's essay is almost entirely framed in regards to light and sight, both of the physical sense and the spiritual sense to which the perfection of Nature will guide us. In the famous metaphor of the Transparent Eyeball, Emerson says that he is nothing, he sees all. Emerson uses natural metaphors he can gaze upon without engaging with, like the stars, the sight of which "will separate between him and vulgar things." In contrast, Melville's Ahab makes a mockery of that notion that somehow any human being can become "nothing," can cast away his previous assumptions and nature and merely observe. "

Tags:Moby, Dick, emerson

Abstract
This paper examines the assumption that the gene revolution--represented by the integration of genetic engineering techniques into the field of agriculture--is capable of positively affecting the current human population crisis. The study examines this very ideological assumption that has not largely been challenged in the popular or critical literature on the subject. It then attacks that assumption and illustrates its erroneous base.

Table of Contents:
Chapter One: Introduction and Statement of Problem
1.1 Statement of Problem
1.2 Purpose of the Study
1.3 Importance of the Study
1.4 Scope of the Study
1.5 Rationale of the Study
1.6 Definition of Terms
1.7 Overview of the Study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Scope of the Literature Review
2.2 Intensification of Production is Favourable
2.3 Intensification of Production is Unfavourable
Chapter Three: Methodology
3.1 Approach
3.2 Data Gathering Method
3.3 Database of Study
3.4 Validity of Study
3.5 Originality and Limitations
Chapter Four: Data Analysis
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

From the Paper
"In order to fully examine that relationship, it was necessary to critically examine literature, statistics, and historical examples that might shed some light on the relationship that exist between food production and population growth. Additionally, studies were consulted that spoke to the capacity for genetically modified foods to increase agricultural production. In all, the range of information required for this study was significant and at times may have appeared to stray beyond the limited scope of genetically modified food. However, in order to demonstrate the manner by which genetically modified food would have its greatest negative impact upon human societies, it was essential to take a broader look at the role that genetically modified foods have played in the intense push to intensify agricultural production year after year in order to presumably keep up with geometric population growth by always generating more food than is needed."

Tags:food, technology, biological, farmer, growth

Abstract
In "Dimensions of Imperial Control: The Vijayanagara Capital," Carla Sinopoli and Kathleen Morrison confront this difficulty in archaeological investigation, attempting a more cautious and evidence-based analysis of the sites of power in and around the capital city of the Vijayanagara empire. They begin their assessment, rightly, with a basic ideological assumption about the nature of archaeology of ancient empires: overarching models that describe imperial control and loci of power that are relatively useless.

From the Paper
"Archaeology can be a frustrating discipline. The scholars who form the ranks of the world's archaeological institutions spend lifetimes sifting through scant clues to reconstruct the intimate details of civilizations long gone. Mistakes are easily made. Evidence is easily misinterpreted. It takes years of pointed training to develop the practical and intellectual skills to draw some meaningful conclusions regarding the characteristics of the ancient world. It's somewhat akin to trying to solve a murder mystery with only the briefest of clues that happened thousands of years prior. (In fact, Bob Brier--a famous Egyptologist--did just that, working to solve what he concluded was the murder of Tutankhamen)."

Tags:archaeology, vijayanagara, control

Abstract
This paper explains that, when WWII broke out in 1939, membership in the Hitler Youth or the Hitlerjugend, the youth department of the brown-shirted Sturmabteilun, or the SA, was required of all German children between the ages of 10 and 18. Next, the author describes the characteristics of the Hitler's youth program, which so completely ingrained these children into the Nazi ideology of 'master race' superiority. The paper concludes that Hitler's strategy to empower children and adolescents, who became adept, confident, arrogant and loyal members of the Nazi army serving Hitler's dictatorship, was repugnant although brilliantly successful. Quotations and a picture are included in the paper.


Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Songs and Oaths of the Hitler Youth
Brave, Determined, and Arrogant
Hitler's Strategic Formation of Dictatorship
The Assumption of Possession of Superiority of the Hitler Youth
Bund Deutscher Madel (BMD) - The League of German Girls
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Prior to compulsory membership the belief was that membership would serve to advance them in the world around them which was quickly evolving and on a basis of "uniformity and solidarity". Just as in American civic organizations for youth whom enjoyed wearing "spiffy uniforms" the same can be said of the German youth. As well the satisfaction in belonging to a safe community that was dominant in the world around them and that offered protection the participation in camping, marching, and communal singing in groups was appealing to these youth and the presence of the "omniscient and omnipotent father, Adolf Hitler."

Tags:induction, father, arrogant, girls, self-perpetuating