Abstract
In this article, the writer considers the factors that influence how online identities are created, reinforced and "lived."

From the Paper
"Individuals have long maintained different aspects of their personalities depending on the social situation at hand. Parents behave differently with their children than with each other and the personality that an individual exhibits in the workplace may well be different than the personality exhibited in a family setting or at a religious institution. Yet the Internet provides a level of anonymity that allows individuals to create entirely separate personalities from themselves including changing their gender age race and other characteristics. Entirely separate lives can be ..."

Tags:online identities, online identity, cyberspace

Abstract
In this article, the writer questions whether items owned by individuals are used to secretly express feelings without speaking. In the course of the essay, the writer draws upon points from various sources in an attempt to discuss the ways in which commodities are used to construct and express sexual identities. The writer concludes that there is no doubt that there is a correlation between the forming and expressing of sexual identity and the purchasing of commodities to heighten that expression or image. The writer maintains that commodities can be used to create an identity, variate an identity or perhaps to just further emphasize an identity.

From the Paper
"In all these cases, there is one association formed between the product and an element. Lynx attracts females. The cause is the application of the fragrance, the effect is that females are attracted. Therefore, it can be assumed that if a male wanted to express his sexual identity he could purchase Lynx with the idea that it will transform him into a guy that would be seen as a sex symbol to other females."
"As we live in a capitalist society, we tend to feel a lack of control over the occurrences in our life as we grow up. This is coupled with the fact that while growing up, the notion that money is power is brought upon us - with power representing happiness. Therefore, it is not surprising that people try to find a possible way to control the environment around them. It was found that consumption offers a form of control over oneself and how one is perceived socially."

Tags:sexuality, superficiality, money, power

Abstract
This paper shows how a sense of identity is developed and how this identity is then judged by the individual to create their level of self-esteem. The paper examines the three aspects of race, class and gender, with a focus on how this impacts self-esteem and how it creates an individual's identity.

From the Paper
"Identity is a characteristic that defines a person and impacts everything they do, from the relationships they form, to the work they do and everything in between. Identity is the one characteristic of an individual that remains with them at all times, whether they are alone, socializing, working or with their families. Identity is a constant companion of an individual and determines how they see themselves and how they feel about themselves. This first part is self-image, the second part is self-esteem which is defined as one of the key components of an individuals personality (Seamon & Kenrick 398)."

Tags:self-awareness, personality, self-esteem, individual, unique, self-image

Abstract
This paper examines how formation and sustainment of identity in society is dependant on the theory of the sociologist. It shows how there is a general agreement that it develops from an individual's childhood and also depends on how influential parents and peers are especially throughout adolescence. It discusses how the development of gender can be seen as starting out as biological with parents treating the child as the sex their hormones and chromosomes have determined and how the environment and culture could change this. It looks at how this can lead to the emergence of transsexuals in society who think their "true" gender is not their biological one.

From the Paper
"Other factors such as nationality also lead to an individual's identity. Jean Phinney (1989) carried out a study on ethnic minority groups in the United States. She found that ethnic identity develops during adolescence starting with a lack of concern of their nationality followed by curiosity in their group's history and customs which leads to a sense of belonging to their group and a development of distinct ethnic self-concept. Phinney found that this differed on the individual and it is also possible that others in society influence this. For example if the mainstream group in which the minority lives amongst in society celebrates certain customs the minority group may also take part in these possibly due to degrees of commerciality in contemporary society."

Tags:chodrow, hormones, commerciality, cultural, chromosomes, environment

Abstract
This paper examines the way the media aids in the construction of identities. The author argues that the media controls certain images present on television, newspapers and other forms of communication, which shape stereotypes and identities. The paper focuses on the depiction of the Asian population with a careful analysis of the stereotyping of Asian men.

From the Paper
"While watching the news on television, one may notice a skewed proportion of Asian men to Asian women. A close examination will show that Asian women fill the roles of news anchors, while Asian males are situated as field reporters. Asian men and women's education and experience have no function in the determination of these roles. Things are never what they appear to be; the just American society does not practice equality. Although one may imagine that talent and education determine one's compatibility for the spotlight, the fact is image plays the most important role. Yen Le Espiritu's concept of controlling images help to explain how the media portrays Asian men with such a negative identity that it creates what Stuart Hall calls positions of identification, or predetermined roles that they are confined within. The controlling images present in television, newspaper, and other mediums of communication construct negative stereotypes for Asian men, creating for them an identity that is unfavorable for television news. From the images present in the media, Asian men construct for themselves a position of identification: one with no association with television news."

Tags:asian, controlling, identification, images, stereotype, depiction

Abstract
This paper will discuss the issues that build the social consciousness that is created when business and other capitalist enterprises want to fulfill a socialization of the classes to achieve their means to an end. The gender, racial, and sexual foundations for this argument will be presented to show how identities are build within this structure and how they are sustained for the benefit of the few in capitalist society such as America.

Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulty of the establishment of a European identity, questioning whether any European identity can be formed at all. The paper explains that the present union consists of a large number of member states and all these states have existed for a long time and have distinct national identities. The paper examines the basic question of whether a European demos and identity can be formed and how that will compete with the existing national identities. The paper also questions whether a "new" European identity will change the national identities and if so, how much of a change is really required. The paper presents the belief that the nature of identity for Europe cannot be the same as a national identity, as the nations have been formed through struggle for recognition for a particular culture, history, language and identity.
Outline
Introduction
Policy Making & Agenda Setting
Enlargement
A European Constitution
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The formation of nations can be started from the top of society by the elites, or through different types of social movements or other organized action. In all cases the start of a separate nation involves recognition for a particular national community in the world around the community. This recognition is received by the people who are a part of the group, or are made a part of the group. For Europe to be viewed as a nation, there has to be recognition of some unique features of being a European, and that has to be of history, culture and language. This has to be recognized by the Europeans. The search for cultural unity has to be combined with a search for the unique and separate features of Europe so that the Europeans can distinguish themselves from non-Europeans. This makes it unlikely that there will be a European identity similar to that of a nation. Instead one has to look for a European identity that can exist above the national identity."

Tags:commission, parliament, constitution

Abstract
The following paper will look at Stefanie Zweig's, Nowhere in Africa. In doing so, the paper will examine the issues of identity and memory and how the two intersect in the novel. To begin, the self-identity of both Walter Redlich and his wife, Jettel Redlich, is bound up by what they were in Germany: he was a fast-rising attorney; she was an elegant socialite. When transported to Kenya, however, their old self-identities are of no use to either of them - even as they cling to them - and they must find a way by which their memory of the past does not deny them happiness in the present. As will become evident, Walter is better able to make peace with his new station in life than Jettel, though the constant tug of Germany does eventually bring him back while Jettel - who hated the idea of Africa initially - is extremely reluctant to return. The paper will also briefly look at how the relationship between Walter and his daughter Regina, although they are close, shows a generational dynamic in the sense that Regina's self-identity is that of someone who is African - and a speaker of the native language. Walter, for his part, sees himself as a German expatriate and as a German speaker before he is anything else. In the end, memory forms self-identity and brings the family back full-circle.

From the Paper
Between Two Worlds: Memory and Identity in Nowhere in Africa The following paper will look at Stefanie Zweig's, Nowhere in Africa. In doing so, the paper will examine the issues of identity and memory and how the two intersect in the novel. To begin, the self-identity of both Walter Redlich and his wife, Jettel Redlich, is bound up by what they were in Germany: he was a fast-rising attorney; she was an elegant socialite. When transported to Kenya, however, their old self-identities are of no use to either of them - even as they cling to them - and they must find a way by which their memory of the past does not deny them happiness in the present. As will become evident, Walter is better able to make peace with

Tags:memory, identity, africa

Abstract
This paper examines and compares "The Development of the Sense of Self in Adolescence" by A. Blasi and K. Milton and "Styles of Identity Formation in Early and Middle Adolescence" by H. Flum, which both explore different adolescent identity styles and how they are formed. The paper points out that both articles are influenced by Erik Erikson's concept of the development of personality during adolescence. The paper also explains that Flum explores styles of identity within the framework of a number of issues, which concern adolescents at different age levels and represent the intrapersonal and interpersonal facets of the adolescent's experience; whereas, Blasi and Milton clarify an adolescent's sense of self, which underlies the experience of their evolving identity.

From the Paper
"Flum (1994) results were categorized based on Marcia's ego-identity statuses. These showed whether the participant demonstrated identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, diffused type of moratorium and a less-diffused type of moratorium. The participants who fit into the identify diffusion category showed high external orientation and low decisiveness. The lower SES group had the most extreme cases of identity diffusion. The results for sex differences showed that 8 out of 10 of the extreme identity cases where males. There was no difference found for age for participants with extreme identity diffusion and the extreme non diffusion participants."

Tags:clusters, styles, parents, ego-identity, emotions

Abstract
The paper compares how James Axtell and William Cronon analyze in their respective works, "The Invasion Within: The Contest of Cultures in Colonial North America" and "Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists and the Ecology of New England", the essential aspects of the first interaction between the Native-American peoples of North America and the Europeans that colonized them. The paper explains that both authors aim to analyze the way in which this first contact between the Natives and their colonizers influenced the future development of America as a nation. The paper shows how Axtell focuses on the spiritual history of the two nations, while Cronon concentrates on the outer, external aspects of the meeting between the Natives and the colonizers. The paper posits that although the two authors manage their argumentation very well and make very interesting points about the history of the colonization, Cronon's book seems more remarkable in terms of argumentation and originality.

From the Paper
"Axtell's book, as its title indicates, focuses on the way in which the three main ethnicities, the Native Indians, the English and the French attempted a mutual conversion, each struggling to impose its cultural identity over the identity of the other. Axtell thus advocates that ethnohistory is the best instrument for the examination of the confluence between the three cultures, Indian, English and French. He focuses therefore on the way in which each of the three nations perceived the others, and how they struggled to impose their own views over the others. "

Tags:Native, Indians, English, French, identity, culture