Abstract
This paper discusses Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, dietary recommendations, and a nursing plan for patients with IDA. It also looks at how iron is absorbed by cells of the small intestine and how it is transported through the body to erythropoietic cells.

From the Paper
"There are several different classifications of anemia depending on the underlying pathophysiology. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia encountered both in underdeveloped and in developed countries and is due to a decrease in the number of red cells because of a lack of sufficient iron. Iron is an essential component in the production of hemoglobin the oxygen-carrying pigment in erythrocytes and is normally obtained in the diet."

Tags:Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), causes, diagnosis, treatment, nursing plan

Abstract
This paper explains that, although iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) has declined in children since the 1970s, due largely to an increased consumption of iron by children during infancy, iron deficiency anemia still is one of the most commonly recognized forms of nutritional deficiency among children, particularly in the 6-month to 24-month age group, in affluent and developing countries. The author points out that the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in children less than two years of age is contingent on adequate dietary intake and supplementation, either in the form of drops or fortified formulas and food. The paper states that early detection and prevention is the most important preventive technique. Adequate screening mechanisms must be used, however, because supplementation does not always correct deficiencies after they arise. Tables.

Table of Contents
Literature Review
Introduction: Prevention of IDA in 6 to 24 Month Old Infants
Preliminary Background
Supplementation and More
Cooking with Iron
Adequate Screening as a Prevention Method
Early Detection
Summary of Traditional Prevention Mechanisms
Educational Strategies and Newer Trends
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Improved growth and weight gain are also attributed to infants receiving iron supplementation for a period of at minimum 3-6 months. All of these trials do promote the notion that adequate dietary intake from the outset, and oral supplementation of iron in at risk populations, including incidences where the potential for malnourishment is high, will effectively prevent complications associated with iron deficiency anemia in emergencies."

Tags:supplementation, hemoglobin, education, food, developing

Abstract
This paper discusses the disorder, iron deficiency anemia. It contends that a patient that shows symptoms of iron deficiency anemia often is tested through a variety of blood tests to determine the level of anemia, as well being subjected to a medical exam and history to determine mitigating factors. It examines conventional therapy of the disorder, daily administration of oral iron supplements, or in some case intravenous delivery of iron. The paper also explores avenues of unconventional therapy, that has proven to be more successful in the case of some parameters.

From the Paper
"Iron is one of the minerals the body needs to be healthy. Without iron, hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body, cannot function properly. Iron is also critical to proper muscle and organ function. "About three-fourths of the body's iron is bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells, while the rest is either bound to other proteins (transferrin in blood or ferritin in bone marrow) or stored in other body tissues" ("Iron (Fe)", 2003). New red blood cells are made using the iron stored in the bone marrow."

Tags:blood, hemoglobin, ferritin

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that iron deficiency is an issue for developing and industrialized countries. Iron deficiency involves both modifiable risk factors and the social determinants of health. The writer maintains that part of the problem is that measures of iron deficiency are inconsistent while another part of the problem relates to varying combinations of nutrients or just one nutrient being used in isolation. The writer discusses that Iran is a developing country where the prevalence has been heavily reduced, but it is possible that if the determinants of health were used as variables, the prevalence could be eliminated. The writer notes that the nutrition the mother and child receives during the period when the child is six to 12 months of age has implications for the entire life span but must be situated in terms of the overall conditions of socioeconomic position and the culture.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Rationale
Literature Review
Description of Methodology
References

From the Paper
"Iron deficiency is a problem in both developing and industrialized countries. The objective is to demonstrate that whether the issue of irony deficiency is located in the Third World or in affluent nations, it is based in modifiable risk factors. The hypothesis is that the problem with addressing iron deficiency is related to the determinants of health since, if nutritional supplementation is aimed only at the first priority, then entire aspects of the child's development will inevitably be neglected. The research question is: In a country such as Iran where prevalence has been reduced to a moderate level, can that prevalence of iron deficiency be further reduced by using the determinants of health as measures?"

Tags:nutrition, zinc, anemia, supplementation

Abstract
The paper discusses how according to the article, "Food Fortification Strategy-Preventing Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Review", the problem of anemia persists in the developing world; iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. The paper reveals the devastating effects of iron deficiency in children and discusses the advantages of fortifying foods with iron.

From the Paper
"Direct supplementation is often the best method to immediately counteract the effects of anemia. But supplementation alone on a long-term basis is seldom recommended as the sole course of treatment--dietary rectification is usually required for sustained improvement. Food -based strategies can include the introduction of iron-rich foods. But in many nations these types of foods may be poorly available, especially iron-rich meat. Iron fortification of foods is another realistic method for reducing the prevalence of deficiency through consumption. In industrialized countries such as America, breakfast cereals and nutritional bars and shakes are regularly supplemented with iron. The choice of breads and other carbohydrates as the vehicle of iron is deliberate, given that flour-based goods and grains like breads and cereals are "frequently consumed, staple foods.""

Tags:supplementation, developing, world, nutrition

Abstract
This paper explains that the article "Effects On Brain Development Leading To Cognitive Impairment: A Worldwide Epidemic" is both a technical overview of some possible causes of mental and other cognitive impairments in children in developing countries and a cry for help. The author points out that Dr. Olness states that iron deficiency suffered in infancy has been attributed to behavior problems in children such as anxiety, depression, social problem and other attention issues. The author of this paper believes that these cognitive brain issues are preventable by giving pregnant mothers and infants iron supplements; however, the resources needed to prevent famine situations are too limited at best in second-world nations and nonexistent in third-world nations.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Plot
My Thoughts & Do I Agree/Disagree
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Unfortunately, according to the author, cognitive limitations in children appear to be on the rise. Because the majority of these cases are in underdeveloped poor nations, medical help or professional expertise is limited or totally nonexistent. The fact that many of the associated causes of these cognitive concerns stem from malnutrition makes this even a bigger concern as famine continues to spread as the rich get richer and the poor die."

Tags:developing, behavior, underdeveloped, supplement, malnutrition

Abstract
The paper outlines the history of a female patient with symptomatic anemia and her previous medical background and offers an analysis of her condition. The paper then discusses the relevant nursing practice from diagnosis to remedy measures.

Outline:
Introduction
Client's profile
Patient's History
Patient's Previous Medical Background
Client Condition Analysis
Nursing Process
Recommendations
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Nursing intervention is of utmost importance in patients with symptomatic anemia. The nurse is to monitor the patient's ability to perform common tasks or daily chores. To observe changes in balance or gait interruptions plus body weaknesses. Advice a patient to stay in quiet environments and bed rests. The nurse also serves to give medications as prescribed by the doctor. A nurse will offer recommended care help with activities or ambulation as required, enabling the patient do more exercises. The nurse also recommended that, the patient undergo full-differential diagnosis of pancytopenia. Meanwhile, from the nurses understanding, she advised that the patient repeatedly required continuous blood transfusion. A review of the patient's bone marrow was necessary to ascertain the cause of the patient's illness. The review would help establish maturation or morphology of the three lineages as well as some of the cells contained in the haematopoietic lineage (Bain, 2006).
"The discoveries in the bone marrow pointed that hypocelluraty at 20% low, increased number of blast cells, and lack of ringed sideroblasts. This does not support classical MDS. However, hypoplastic or myelodsplatic anemia is likely to be overlapping with aplastic anemia. Another intricate diagnostic option in a person with hypocelullar marrow is paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Through analyzing, the other possibilities that were mentioned earlier are eliminated before establishing the most accurate diagnosis and concluding the therapeutic strategy."

Tags:iron, oxygen, hemoglobin, blood, vessels

Abstract
An overview of sickle cell anemia that includes a look at its effects on the enviornment.

From the Paper
"The following presents the topic of Sickle-cell anemia. The topic is described along with an explanation of why this is an interesting and important area of chemistry. The potential impact on the environment, agriculture, economics, public health or society in general is provided. Next, conclusions and recommendations are made.
"Sickle cell disease is a common, monogenetic disorder found worldwide that affects ... million people. (Inati Koussa Taher Perrine) Sickle cell anemia is an interesting and important area of chemistry, because as noted by Inati et,..."

Tags:sickle, cell, anemia

Abstract
The paper explains that the iron age of a nation reflects the first uses of iron by the country for any productive purpose. This may include iron forged for weaponry, cooking utensils or tools. The paper discusses how for decades, scientists and archaeologists have argued about the dates of early iron production in Africa. MacIntosh contends that iron became a part of the African culture as early as 1300 B.C., while others contend that the use of iron in Africa still cannot be dated because of the continued archaeological findings that are uncovered. The paper shows that what is evident, however, is that the iron age in Africa was concurrent with the use of stone and other materials, which is perhaps the reason that dating iron use is hard to determine.

Tags:africa, iron, age

Abstract
This paper describes arginase deficiency. It describes the etiology of the disease, its signs and symptoms, its treatment, and goes in detail into the genetics of the disorder. This is an extremely rare disorder, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner that affects the urea cycle. There is no cure and treatment involves a low protein diet.

From the Paper
"Arginase deficiency is an very rare genetic disorder which affects the urea cycle, since arginine is one of the enzymes crucial to the cycle. The urea cycle eliminates toxic levels of ammonia from the bloodstream and eliminates it from the body in the urine in the form of urea. Affected individuals usually exhibit symptoms of the deficiency in early infancy such as failure to grow, intolerance to protein, vomiting and spasticity. The build up of nitrogen is toxic to the central nervous system so early diagnosis is..."

Tags:arginase deficiency, ARG1, hyperammonemia