Abstract
This paper examines how although hurricanes Floyd and Grace both brought devastating damage, Floyd's impact came largely from the Floyd itself, while Grace's impact came from the combination with two other weather systems. It looks at how by itself, Floyd was a force to be reckoned with: A category 3 hurricane that stretched from Canada to the U.S. that came on the heels of Hurricane Dennis. In contrast, it discusses how Grace was a less powerful storm that would have dissipated naturally before causing serious damage.

From the Paper
"While it stretched from Canada to Florida, Floyd brought the largest amounts of damage to North Carolina, Virginia, and Mid-Atlantic States. In North Carolina alone, Floyd caused 51 deaths, completely destroyed 7,000 homes, and left 17,000 homes uninhabitable. 10,000 people were driven into temporary shelters, and a new 24-hour rainfall record was recorded in Wilmington. Deaths also occurred in South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Delaware, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont (National Weather Service). Hydrologists marked Floyd as a 500-year flood event, meaning that a similar flood would only occur once every 500 years (Herring)."

Tags:damage, storm, rain, wind

Abstract
This paper analyzes the organizational structure utilized during the response to Hurricane Floyd, which devastated North Carolina in 1999. The analysis includes a look at communications, management, leadership and followship, followed by a summary of the research. Additionally, it includes a review of relevant scholarly, popular and governmental literature related to the management of this natural disaster. Various problems, such as maintaining effective emergency communication during an evacuation is discussed. The paper also describes new technologies that help alert the public to emergency situations. Initiatives taken by leadership in the state following the disaster are also mentioned. The paper concludes by stating that the lessons learned from Hurricane Floyd will be applied to future emergency evacuation situations.

Outline:
Review and Discussion
Communications
Management
Leadership
Followship
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One of the most important - and frequently overlooked - needs during an emergency situation is communications. In the Age of Information, people take instant communications for granted, with virtually anyone else in the world theoretically being accessible by telephone, email, instant messages and so forth. When these communications assets are diminished or destroyed during a disaster, though, the ability of first responders and disaster managers becomes much more difficult and even impossible. The poignant images of thousands of citizens stranded in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina are ample evidence of this need for ongoing communication during and following a natural or manmade disaster. Indeed, it is not as if this need was not known prior to Hurricane Floyd, and steps had been taken at the national level to help provide as much warning as possible for those in the affected areas."

Tags:global warming, tropical storms, North Carolina, disaster relief

Abstract
The paper discusses the disastrous effects of hurricanes and their five different categories. The paper focuses on the most recent destructive hurricane, Katrina, and its destructive effects in New Orleans, Louisiana and Mississippi. The paper also looks at other hurricanes that occurred in the past, including Hurricane Andrew, Hurricane Floyd and Hurricane Mitch, and the damage they caused.

From the Paper
"Hurricanes are a force of nature that has proved to be destructive to infrastructure as well as the environment. More than often the appearance of a hurricane marks the destruction of a geographical location depending on what category of hurricane it is. There are four different categories of hurricanes. The first category has winds ranging from 75 to 95 mph. With this category minor flooding and damage to trees and buildings. Category 2 hurricanes wind range is 96 to 110 mph, minor flooding is expected and damage to trees, power lines and rooftops. Major hurricanes are category 3 with winds above 110 mph causing tree and building destruction. Category 4 hurricanes are characterized by winds above 131 mph, tree and sign damage, destruction of mobile homes and severe flooding. The most dangerous and destructive of all hurricanes is category 5. This hurricane usually has storm surges that exceed 18 feet and cause heavy damage to buildings and the surrounding environment. (Sheets 96)"

Tags:Katrina, Andrew, Floyd, Mitch, flooding, sewage, soil, wildlife

Abstract
This paper examines the damage recently caused by the natural phenomena of earthquakes and hurricanes and measures that can be taken to to predict their arrival in order to prepare for them. In particular it looks at Hurricane Dennis, which menaced the coast of North Carolina and Hurricane Floyd, which led to a huge evacuation of people from Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. It also discusses the devastating effects of the two earthquakes that hit Turkey in 1999.

From the Paper
"The other major natural disaster in the fall of 1999 has been earthquakes, of which there have been several considered major in impact. Indeed, Turkey has been hit twice in different regions of the country. The earthquake in August left a death toll originally estimated to be about 500. This was a quake of magnitude 7.8 on the old Richter scale, making it almost as powerful as the 7.9 in San Francisco in 1906, which killed 700 people. The earthquake in Turkey struck at 3 am. Dozens of buildings collapsed. It is often noted in American cities when there is an earthquake at that hour that the death toll would have been much higher in the daytime when people were out on the street, but it is not clear that this would be true in areas like Turkey where buildings are not as well-constructed and where most of those killed were sleeping in their own beds when the house collapsed about them."

Tags:aftershocks, tremors, dennis, floyd

Abstract
This paper examines the number of hurricanes between 1908 and 2007 to see if the storms are increasing in frequency. The paper relates that some claim that global warming is causing an increase in frequecy of violent storms. The paper shows how the data reveals a small trend of increasing frequency of hurricanes; it is not clear if the increase is statistically significant but clearly the trend has practical implications that are discussed.

From the Paper
"There have been countless journal articles and newspaper reports debating the issue of global warming. There are many climate change conditions and statistics being offered as evidence of this phenomenon. One controversial viewpoint, suggested by NASA, is that an increase in the occurrence of violent storms such as hurricanes is specifically cited as one example of the impact of global warming (McCarthy, 2007). The hypothesis is that higher global temperatures burn off more ocean water putting more moisture in the air leading to conditions that cause violent storms such as..."

Tags:geology, hurricanes, increase

Abstract
Natural disasters have significantly impacted the Caribbean. Hurricanes in particular are devastating because of their frequency, and the vulnerability of the islands to them. Throughout the region, these "acts of God" along with tropical storms and volcanic eruptions have shaped and re-shaped the geographical transformation of these territories time and again. This paper will examine one such "act of God", hurricane Ivan that devastated several islands in 2004. The paper will examine the chain of events, the impact of the disaster as well as the scope of the people and areas affected. The paper will also examine long- term and short- term effects of this disaster as well as the importance of understanding all the details and impacts of such huge disasters.

From the Paper
Natural Disaster in The Caribbean - Hurricanes - Ivan, 2004 Natural disasters have significantly impacted the Caribbean. Hurricanes in particular are devastating because of their frequency, and the vulnerability of the islands to them. Throughout the region, these "acts of God" along with tropical storms and volcanic eruptions have shaped and re-shaped the geographical transformation of these territories time and again. This paper will examine one such "act of God", hurricane Ivan that devastated several islands in 2004. The paper will examine the chain of events, the impact of the disaster as well as the scope of the people and areas affected. The paper will also examine long- term and short- term

Tags:caribbean, hurricanes, ivan

Abstract
In reference to the novel, 'Alias Grace' this essay explores examples of historic inequities for women in Victorian society and how one women Grace Marks may have survived by utilizing the penal system as an unlikely refuge. According to the paper, on the surface, the novel 'Alias Grace' is a unique present-day exploration of a Victorian murder mystery. The novel is the story of Grace Marks who was convicted of murdering her employer and his housekeeper.

From the Paper
"Alias Grace is Margaret Atwood's fictionalized biography of the infamous murderer Grace Marks, who, in 1843 was convicted of a double murder in Kingston and served her sentence at Kingston penitentiary and the Lunatic Asylum in Toronto. On the surface, the novel, Alias Grace is a unique present-day retelling of a true crime story complete with dramatized news headlines, sex, violence, a bias judicial system and duplicitous Victorian morals. On a deeper level, this novel tells the story of how one woman may have exploited the very society that oppressed her in order to survive systemic bias and gender inequities. "

Tags:alias, grace, gender

Abstract
This paper review's author Jonathan Kozol's book "Amazing Grace." Kozol is well known for writing on issues of education and the way minorities are excluded from meaningful education and marginalized in American society. In his book "Amazing Grace" he continues this criticism with an image of the neighborhoods minorities live in, the neighborhoods around the schools that are not working.

From the Paper
"Author Jonathan Kozol (1996) is well known for writing on issues of education and more and more on the way minorities are excluded from meaningful education and marginalized in American society. In his book Amazing Grace he continues this criticism with an image of the neighborhoods minorities live in, the neighborhoods around the schools that are not working. Kozol describes an area of the South Bronx called Mott Haven, in the poorest congressional district in the city. He presents this area through stories of some of the people who live there, notably..."

Tags:kozol, amazing, grace

Abstract
This paper looks at how the prosperous sitcom, Will & Grace, challenges traditional notions of hetero-normativity by seeking to "normalize" a gay character by placing that character within a situation comedy also featuring an attractive heterosexual woman he just so happens to be living with. The paper discusses that even as the series casts a bit of mockery on some old stereotypes about gays, it also perpetuates the notion that gay men are weaker than other men - less virile, in short. The paper concludes that the series is a commendable one, but hardly an infallible one.

From the Paper
"More than that, the show emphasizes Will's professional success and is unafraid to make explicit "gay" references to human sexuality - scenes that, whatever their dramatic and aesthetic merits, certainly humanize Will (at least in the eyes of thoughtful, moderate viewers) and force the audience to view homosexual men and women as having the same human and instinctual impulses as heterosexual men and women. "

Tags:will, grace, homosexuality

Abstract
In this paper, "Amazing Grace" by Jonathan Kozol provides an in depth sociological view of how the people of Mott Haven live within a harshly divided economy in New York City. It explains that by providing interviews in his field work with these people, Kozol is able to get varying opinions that the government or Mayor Giuliani would not like admit or provide to the general public. The author of the paper contends that in this manner, his book helps empirically define poverty in the Mott Haven section of the South Bronx, revealing how people are really living in a racially and economically divided city.

From the Paper
"This book review will analyze the various aspects of poverty that occur within New York City within Amazing Grace by Jonathan Kozol. In this manner, the book relates the problems of poverty for minorities within Mott Haven, South Bronx, and the unbelievable living situations that these people must endure. In many cases Kozol seeks to understand why these impoverished conditions exist, and he accurately provides a sociological case studies of why Mayor Giuliani's leadership has worsened conditions. In essence, Kozol provides an empirical sociological outlook on poverty in New York City with a strong ethical and moral look as to how these conditions can be corrected. Amazing Grace is a book filled with data that is helpful to the reader when understanding poverty within the Mott Haven community of New York City. These Bronx neighborhoods are so impoverished that Kozol found ..."

Tags:amazing, grace, sociology