Abstract
Beginning with the discharge of Gotthold Fredrick Enslin from the U.S. military in 1778, this paper examines the history of homosexuality, which has emerged as one of the most salient issues within the U.S. military, as harassment, abuse, expulsion, and, in rare cases, murder, have become prevalent practices towards homosexuals. The paper examines the policies of the American government towards banning homosexuals from the military and Bill Clinton's 1993 law, which repudiated the ban that has enabled the U.S. military the legal right to exclude homosexuals from military service. The paper also looks at the issue of modesty and the the opinion of those who who feel that heterosexual soldiers might become sexual objects for homosexual soldiers if they were admitted into the military.

From the Paper
"While the military's policy necessitates that gay men remain reticent of their sexual orientation, Professor Aaron Belkin affirms that if the ban were to be lifted, very few gays would actually come out of the closet because in most cases an openly gay individual would find himself in a rather precarious situation. The malicious nature of fellow service-members is a consequence of our society's unfamiliarity with homosexuality, consequently creating a propensity for many soldiers to make presumptions based on little information. Moreover, the policy of preserving the modesty of heterosexual men is based on the prudishness of American society and more importantly a naive conviction that homosexual attraction is congruent to heterosexual attraction."

Tags:sexual, orientation, gay, lesbian

Abstract
In this article the writer eplains that "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" (DADT) is a military policy where gay, lesbian and bisexual members are required to keep their sexual orientation private and not engage in any sexual activities or conduct that would purport a homosexual lifestyle. This paper analyzes how this policy has failed to integrate homosexuals in the armed forces and has instead exacerbated the issues surrounding the gay ban in the US armed forces. The writer maintains that the DADT, irrespective of whether it had good intentions, has failed. The writer concludes that there is a need for changes in the United States Constitution if gays, lesbians, bisexuals, or transgender are to be integrated in the armed forces, since Congress has the power to deny individuals these rights.

Outline:
Introduction
A Brief History: Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue, Don't Harass
The Failure of the DADT Policy

From the Paper
"The United States is considered one of the most economically advanced countries in the free world; however, they are lagging when it comes to changing policies that stand to benefit the overall economy. As stated by Belkin, increasing amounts of countries are allowing gays and lesbians to serve in the armed forces. Belkin shows that Australia, Canada, Israel, and Britain reversed its gay ban and have transitioned into countries that now have service members that are integrated into the armed forces, irrespective of sexual orientation. Unlike popular anti-gay individuals speculated there was no mass upheavals or unstable periods, when the gay ban was reversed, in fact many homosexuals still preferred not to share the fact that they were gay. With the DADT policy in place, it is unlikely that the United States will ever come close to the removal of gay bans in the armed forces as these countries have."

Tags:DADT, gay, sexual, orientation, armed, forces

Abstract
This undergraduate paper is an argument against the inclusion of gays in the military. It focuses on the estranging effect that gays have in units within the military. It asserts that homosexuality, while seemingly generally accepted within many arenas of general life, is completely incompatible with the military. It uses the incident of sabotage on the U.S.S. Iowa by a gay sailor as a primary example of the worst that can come from gays in the military.

Abstract
This paper explores the lack of enforcement of proper moral and ethical behavior in the U.S. military. This well-researched paper details various landmark military cases, including the racially biased case involving Jackie Robinson and the Tuskegee Airmen, as well as the Tailhook scandal, in which an active duty lesbian officer was dismissed due to her sexual preference. This paper examines the official "don't ask, don't tell" policy regarding homosexuality in the military. The writer of this paper compares the moral and ethical make-up of the military in the 1950s to the present, while stressing that racism, homophobia and sexual misconduct still exists.

From the Paper
"Because of the election coming on and Wendell Wilkie cutting into the usually Democratic Negro vote, President Roosevelt gave the approval for a Negro air force squadron to be formed and trained at Tuskegee airfield. The story has it that Eleanor Roosevelt stopped by to visit, and told a pilot that she heard Negro men could not fly planes. When one pilot promised to show her, she allegedly got into the plane and took off with the black pilot. All through their training, they were apart from white pilots They were at separate airfields so there would be no "mingling". As the war lengthened and the need for pilots increased, more and more black cadets were brought to Tuskegee. But, they continued to be segregated. And they were segregated when they flew their missions in Italy."

Tags:military, u.s., american, homosexuality, sexuality, rights, racism, law, legal, trial, harrassment

Abstract
In this article, the writer considers the effect of allowing gays in the military, and concludes that the effect would be positive for the military. The paper includes a five-source brief annotated bibliography.

From the Paper
"The issue of allowing homosexual individuals to serve openly in the military elicits highly emotional and charged responses from many individuals. Some argue that gay individuals have always-and will always-be part of the military in the same way that they are present in all walks of life but that having openly gay military personnel would be detrimental to morale and discipline in the military. This research considers the effect of having openly gay individuals ..."

Tags:homosexuals, military, gays

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the "Don't ask, don't tell" (henceforth DADT) military policy in which gay, lesbian, and bisexual members are required to keep their sexual orientation private and not engage in any sexual activities or conduct that would purport a homosexual lifestyle. This paper further analyzes how this policy has failed to integrate homosexuals in the armed forces and has instead exacerbated the issues surrounding the gay ban in the US armed forces.

From the Paper
" 'Don't ask, don't tell' (henceforth DADT) is a military policy where gay, lesbian, and bisexual members are required to keep their sexual orientation private and not engage in any sexual activities or conduct that would purport a homosexual lifestyle. This paper will analyze how this policy has failed to integrate homosexuals in the armed forces and has instead exacerbated the issues surrounding the gay ban in the US armed forces. A Brief History: Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue, Don't Harass The policy developed after President Clinton's campaign in the nineties..."

Tags:homosexual, military, constitution

Abstract
This paper takes a negative stance about gays serving in the United States military and against homosexuals in general. The author presents several arguments why gays should not be allowed to be part of the armed forces and highlights current legislation regarding this issue. The author sees homosexuality as a personal choice.

From the Paper
"Many individuals believe that gays and lesbians are not capable of serving in the military forces of the country and this belief is not based only on personal values, but also on military necessity, though, that does not mean that the personal values of many persons do not reach the same conclusion. In terms of military necessity it is essential for gays and lesbians to be excluded from military units to maintain unit cohesion. Combat performance would also decline if open homosexuals were permitted to serve in the armed forces of the country. Some also view the gay soldiers to be perverts in uniform, and in many cases, they should not have the honor of serving the country even if they are able to observe all service norms. The concepts of homosexuality and lesbian behavior however, have no idea of the expected norms of loyalty, honor and patriotism."

Tags:military, homosexuals, homophobia

Abstract
The paper argues that the current 'don't ask, don't tell' system should be changed, and not just enforced more fairly. The paper cites examples of people discharged from the military under current procedures; 11,000 people have been discharged, including 800 mission critical soldiers and 58 Arabic speakers.

From the Paper
"The United States Military should allow openly gay men and women to serve. This essay looks at the effects of the policy in action in arguing for change. Cathleen Glover was a soldier, certified in 2002 as a graduate of the Defense Language Institute as an Arabic speaker. "Around her graduation . . . a Government Accounting Office study reported that the Army faced a critical shortage of linguists needed to translate intercepts and interrogate suspects in the war on terrorism" (Hull 1). Cathleen Glover was also a lesbian."

Tags:gays, military, cohesion

Abstract
To address the problem of gays in the military, policies such as "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" were instated, even though they ultimately failed to serve the cause of protecting gays in the military. This paper argues that having homosexuals in the military is a matter of military effectiveness - not of the homosexuals' ability to perform military duties, but of the morale of the military as a whole.

From the Paper
"At the time, homosexuality was viewed as a medical/psychiatric condition, and thus the military wanted to help its soldiers. Rather than just continuing to punish service members for individual acts of "craziness", the military decided to exclude those people who were inclined to commit such acts in the first place, thus avoiding penalties with heavier punishments, if they came out and said they were gay. As society and the military came to be more understanding about homosexuality, an amendment became necessary."

Tags:armed, forces, DOD, lesbian

Abstract
The military policy of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was developed to be a compromise between those who felt homosexuals should be allowed to serve in the military and those who wished them banned. However, due to multiple international conflicts, such as the war in Iraq, the Pentagon has issued a stop loss order for military personnel and the discharge of openly gay military members has, in many cases, been suspended, by simply ignoring claims of homosexuality or using the loophole that was devised to be able to retain members if needed. This paper examines the topic and shows that this hypocritical waffling is one of the military's biggest labor relations issues that needs to be addressed immediately.

From the Paper
"Although some gay servicemen have been discharged since the United States went to war in Iraq, cases such as Nguyen's and Hill's show that this is not always the case. Not only are military commanders not accepting simply a statement of homosexuality as proof, but also they are relying on the "for the good of the service" loophole to retain homosexual service members as well. As situations in other parts of the world intensify, such as Korea, Iran and Syria, and military troops are spread thinner, it is likely that the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy will continue to be overlooked and the built in loophole utilized more and more to retain all members of the service, no matter what their sexual orientation."

Tags:gay, lesbian, Thang, Nguyen