This paper illustrates the effects of censorship in the film industry as depicted in the documentary film "Hollywood Censored: Movies, Morality and the Production Code."
Abstract This paper focuses on the documentary "Hollywood Censored: Movies, Morality and the Production Code" which illustrates the effects of censorship in the film industry. This paper examines the religious condemnation, societal expectations and financial insecurity that have plagued Hollywood and the film industry since the early 1900s. This paper discusses the profound effect the Catholic church had on Hollywood. The Legion of Decency was created in order to clean up to films that were being shown to society. The hold of the Catholic church in the major cities was massive and as long as Hollywood produced films the religious authorities felt were morally harmful to society, priests and parishioners would continue to ban films. The writer also examines the events that led up to the film industry being granted 1st amendment protection in 1952, in which films were finally viewed as an art form.
From the Paper "In 1952 movies were granted First Amendment protection and films were finally seen as an art form. This came about after the studios were deemed monopolies and forced to give up their movie palaces. Theaters were now free to show any type of film they pleased and were not held liable to the production code. This allowed directors and producers a freedom they had not seen in many years. Breen's theories and strict regulations became obsolete. The control Hollywood and the courts had given him had been relinquished. As the freedom of the theaters grew, the power of the production code fell and in 1962 the production code was officially done away with and replaced with the ratings systems we now have. One producer in the documentary quotes Robert Graves by saying that "It's impossible for any artist not to be a part of his society even if he is against it" (Hollywood). Simply put, this means that as an artist, producer or director, it would be impossible, whether intended or not, to not mirror the society from which the art was created."
Tags: film, hollywood, industry, monopoly, censorship, religion, catholic, church
Abstract This paper looks at the impact of Hollywood upon Canadian popular culture and in particular Canadian film making. The paper argues that while some good has come out of Hollywood dominating the Canadian market, there are a number of reasons why the Canadian film industry cannot continue to cede more than 98 percent of the domestic market to big budget Hollywood films. The following paper reviews the history of the American cultural penetration into Canada as a result of Hollywood and examines also how Canada situation is not unique.
From the Paper "There is arguably no nation in the world that is more inundated with American culture than Canada - mostly because of its proximity, but also because of the fact that the two nations have always shared a common English or British heritage. The following paper argues that the dominance of Hollywood within Canada has brought some good - employment for individuals within the Canadian film industry, access to world-class technology and to world-class American talent - but it has also brought a great deal of trouble - not least of all, a reduced native interest (or ability) in establishing a uniquely Canadian film industry - and this trouble is something that Canadian leaders will have to continue to grapple with if they wish to carve out a distinctly Canadian popular culture in the twenty-first century. "
Abstract This paper discusses the Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism views of the Holocaust which the author points out affected not only the Jews but also many other groups of people. The author states that many Nazi activities were sadistic torment which Christianity views as sinful; Islam does not condone torture and Buddhism vehemently opposes. The author believes that of the three religions, the reaction of Christians in Germany may be the most troublesome.
From the Paper "Given that the Holocaust was a multicultural and multi-religious event, it is interesting to consider how some major religions might view the events. Christianity teaches that all murder is against the law of God. However, most Christian religions allow the execution of criminals by state governments. This is why we have individuals who protest executions but rarely hear about entire denominations protesting such events. So then, would Christian religions condone the events of the Holocaust because it was an event sponsored by the German government?"
Abstract This essay examines the role of women and motherhood during the 1930?s, when the Nazi regime took over Germany. It takes a hard look at the views and opinions about women by the leaders of the Nazi regime.
From the Paper "The Nazi regime's views of what a woman's role should be and what they actually were, were very different. A woman's place was in the home, looking after her husband, her home, and most importantly, her children. The Nazi ideology saw women as inferior to men, a woman should be at home and having children, "Kinder, Kirche, Kuche". Goebbels said ?a woman's primary, rightful, and appropriate place is in the family, and the most wonderful task that she can perform is to present her country and people with children.?[i] The image of marriage and motherhood was sold not only as a benefit to the individual and family but also an obligation to the state. The regime believed in this so much that women could apply for marriage loans, where a woman who was getting married could apply for a marriage loan, on the proviso that she left the job market. "
Abstract Hollywood blacklisting was a consequence of rampant Cold War paranoia in America. The Cold War profoundly affected every sphere of American society and politics, especially during the McCarthy Era of the nineteen-fifties when fears of communist influence and espionage within the United States were widespread, and suspicions about the loyalty of one's fellow citizens were heightened by political demagoguery and partisan witch hunts. The most well-known of these suspected communists or fellow travelers were members of the Hollywood elite, who were subjected to intense investigations and pilloried in the press without much regard for their freedom of speech rights. This paper examines the McCarthy Era and the impact it had on America, focusing specifically on the witch hunts conducted in the film industry.
Abstract This book review gives Azug's historical documentation on America's role during the holocaust. It examines the context precluding the holocaust in European anti-Semitism, and how America sometimes ignored the truth during the holocaust.
From the paper:
"This book allows us to examine what exactly Americans knew about the Holocaust while it was happening and what and when did the United States and Americans know about Hitler's horrific Final Solution? It asks Americans to ask themselves why was there no intervention by linking historical narrative to primary, contemporary sources. Abzug both chronicles the events in Nazi Germany and examines the resurgence of anti-Semitism across the world, linking the tightening of immigration policies in the United States to fears of contamination by lesser races ? a philosophy not that different from Hitler's own."
Abstract This paper examines the success of the Hard Rock Cafe, and compares that to the failure of Planet Hollywood in eight key areas. It compares the background of each of these themed restaurants and examines key factors that contributed to success and failure.
From the Paper "Hard Rock Cafe and Planet Hollywood both began as themed restaurants catering to a specific niche market..."
Tags: hard rock cafe, planet hollywood, management
Abstract The paper discusses how Hollywood renaissance film makers like Dennis Hopper, who came to prominence in the 1970s, were concerned with the tastes of the vast new audience of young people who had come of age during the turbulent 1960s. The paper explains that they wanted films to reflect real life and real issues and to be about real people and their real problems. Their style of film making was epitomized by Easy Rider, which realistically portrayed the sex, drugs and rock and roll rebellion, promiscuity, racism, corrupt politics and alienation that were all common elements in the lives of so many young Americans.
Abstract This essay researches Germany's history from industrialization to the post modern period in an effort to relate Germany's history and economic development to the way fascism and Nazism developed. From there, it is investigated whether Soviet rule in the east, or Allied rule in the west better suited Germany's historical developments. It was the allied capitalist system that better suited Germany, as seen in the "West German Miracle".
Tags: allied, berlin, east, germany, ii, stalin, wall, war, west, world
Abstract The unification of former East Germany and former West Germany back into the singular Germany as it was prior to World War II in 1989 is commonly cited as a text book scenario of healing ideological and economic divisions between rival states. It also is quoted often as model of reunification for North and South Korea to follow in their eventual reunification as well. Yet, how difficult was the execution of the reunification of East and West Germany? This paper presents a brief examination of each countries' economy prior to reunification, as it reveals much regarding the hurdles that had to be overcome regarding the recombination of German society within the framework of a homogeneous political and economic paradigm.
Abstract This paper takes look at the events that led up to the direct military threat that Japan and Germany imposed on America in 1941. The author examines the causes and U.S. responses to the threat.
From the Paper "Imperial Japan declared war on China in 1937. Regardless of this aggressive behavior, the United States was the single largest exporter of oil, iron ore (including scrap metal) and bauxite to Japan, despite reports that those materials were being used to build and modernize Japan's military. In July 1941, finally recognizing the potential threat of Japan as an aggressor, the United States froze Japan's assets and embargoed oil shipments. Unfortunately, the damage was done. Throughout the Pacific theater, our soldiers lost their lives at the hand of a military built with American steel and aided by American natural resources."
Tags: 1941, america, direct, germany, japan, military, threat, war, declare
Abstract This essay analyzes the human resource systems in both Japan and Germany using the analytical framework put forward by Beer et al in 1984. Differences and similarities on such aspects as culture, management, labour relations and other such institutions will be investigated. Evidence for arguments and theories will be provided throughout the essay.
From the paper:
"Increased interest in international human resource management has led to the classification of its processes and influences. One particular classification or framework is that of the Map of Human Resource Territory, later adopting the name of the Harvard Model, which was designed by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton in 1984. This model is useful as it accepts that there are differing approaches to the employment relationship. Indeed Porter (1970) argues that the model has potential for comparative analysis. The Harvard model illustrates that there are a variety of "stakeholders" in an organisation including shareholders, various groups of employees, the government and the community. It recognises the legitimate interests of these various groups and that the creation of HRM strategies should recognise these interests and combine them as much possible into the strategy of the business. Indeed the Harvard model is fundamentally both prescriptive and analytical. It is important to bear in mind however that the ideas put forward by the model are arguably based on the American culture. This is important to remember when using the model as an analytical framework to compare other countries."
Abstract This paper discusses the technological and leadership advantages that led to German victories in France, the Low Countries, Norway, and Poland during the initial stages of WWII. The paper also discusses Hitler's focus on rearming Germany prior to the war and his economic mobilization.
Abstract This paper explores the horrifying appeal that Nazism had for Germans between the two world wars. Among other things, this paper addresses the punitive aspects of the Versailles Treaty as well as the crushing unemployment that wracked Germany during the period in question. Finally, the paper explores the fact that German society had always been an authoritarian one and thus susceptible to despots.
From the Paper "The 1920s and 1930s were decades of great turbulence in Germany. The harsh and bitter terms of Versailles and the economic upheaval of the Thirties combined to make Germany a nation ripe for takeover by a dictator spouting hateful venom blaming certain groups for the difficulties Germany found itself in. Germany was also vulnerable to a demagogue because German society, for far too long, had been an authoritarian culture that lionized its leaders - primarily its Kaiser."
Abstract This paper serves as a defense for the "Simple View" of the relationship between intentions and intentional action. In this view, an agent does action X intentionally only if she intended to do X. This view is subject to criticism through examples of actions that were completed intentionally but were not intended by the agent. Such examples are forwarded by Gilbert Harman and Michael Bratman and are used to refute the Simple View. The goal of this paper is to defend the Simple View against the examples presented by Harman and Bratman by showing how Bratman's own definition of "intention" allows for the actions in his examples to be qualified as both intentional and intended. This paper serves as a follow-up to Hugh McCann's ""Settled Objectives and Rational Constraints," which serves to counter some of Bratman and Harman's examples. It continues McCann's effort to defend the Simple View on a wider range of examples.
From the Paper "There are two types of examples that seem to cause all kinds of problems for what Michael Bratman terms the "Simple View" of the relationship between intentional actions and intentions. The Simple View maintains that if an agent does an action A intentionally, then she intended to do A. The two groups of examples of intentional actions that seem to present challenges to the Simple View can be categorized by the nature of the beliefs and desires surrounding them. In the first group are intentional actions that the agent desires to achieve but is fairly or completely certain that she will not be able to do. This includes examples like Alfred Mele's golfer Lydia who is trying to hit a hole in one to win a million dollars. In the second group of examples are intentional actions that the agent believes she will carry out - either as a direct action or as a side effect of some other action - but that she really does not want to do. Let us call this group of actions grudging actions . This group includes examples like Gilbert Harman's sniper who knows he is going to alert the enemy to his presence by trying to shoot his target. In "Settled Objectives and Rational Constraints," Hugh McCann offers a defense for the Simple View against examples from the first group, but he conspicuously does not address examples from the second set, leaving the Simple View vulnerable on this important front. In this paper I will attempt to follow up McCann by offering a reasonable defense for the Simple View for examples of grudging actions under Bratman's definition of intention. First, I will draw a distinction between two types of intentional actions that can fall into this group: direct actions and what I will call side-effect actions. This distinction will allow us to focus on the side-effect examples - which are really the only problematic ones for the Simple View - but it will also reveal an important point about how intentions to do something can hold up in the face of strong or even prevailing negative desires (i.e., desires not to do something). Building from there, I will then attempt to reconcile the Simple View with the side-effect examples and in doing so will consider a strong objection of Bratman's to the labeling of agents in these types of actions as intending these actions. "
