This paper discusses the reasons for the bitter divide between the National Hockey Players' Association and the National Hockey League in 2004 and 2005.
Abstract The paper looks at the break-down of trust between the National Hockey Players' Association and the league in 2004 and 2005. The paper argues that the unfortunate labor relations which characterized the situation were largely because both sides allowed personal considerations, past wrongs and egos to get in the way of a dispassionate treatment of the matters at hand. The paper discusses how although the issues themselves were complicated and defied easy resolution, the stubbornness of both parties made the problem worse than it needed to be.
From the Paper "The 2004-05 National Hockey League lock-out caused great consternation among hockey fans while simultaneously bringing into sharp relief the tensions between professional hockey players and hockey management. For example, neither side was prepared to make any concessions to the other (the players certainly were not) and thus a host of issues - minimum salaries, playoff bonuses, operation of the arbitration process, revenue sharing (something the owners were less-than-enthusiastic about), higher player fines for misbehavior, and the number of games on the regular-season schedule - were left "on the table" at a time when they should have really, conclusively, been dealt with (Staudohar, 23-29). As a long-time hockey observer, this writer is left to wonder whether or not the intransigence of the players was rooted in a deep-seated suspicion of hockey management because of the decades-long mistreatment of players by the ownership of the league."
Abstract Every nation has a unique way of expressing their most deeply held beliefs and customs through local art, community projects, or organized activities like sports. This paper explains that, in Canada, geography and nature have resulted in the game of hockey being part of the national landscape. The paper further discusses John B. Lee's book, "The Hockey Sonnets", and how it uses the mythology of hockey to express cultural ideologies and dramatic narratives from the viewpoint of the Canadian cultural identity.
Abstract There is no doubt that hockey in Canada is a rich field for the exploration of the most pervasive myths of Canadian culture. Specifically, the poems in John B. Lee's "The Hockey Player Sonnets: Overtime Edition" evoke some of these myths. However, there are significant differences between the myths that are reflected in Lee's poems, and the myths that are alluded to in Richard Gruneau's and David Whitson's "Hockey Night in Canada" and Elizabeth Etue's and Megan K. Williams's "On the Edge". These differences are explored in this essay.
Abstract This paper discusses how ice hockey was once identified as a quintessentially Canadian sport and at the same time a key figure in the domain of masculine sports. However over recent years hockey has garnered strength as an international sport and has expanded its membership to include that of women. The paper further dicusses how att the 2006 Winter Olympic Games, the Canadian women's hockey team won gold whilst their male counterparts failed to reach the medal round. What relevance does this result have for Canada involvement in international competition, and what does it mean for the role of women in traditional male dominated sports?
Abstract In this article, the writer mentions that the labor movement had cemented the concept of leisure time into the middle-class, Canadian mindset permanently. The writer points out that the development of institutionalized hockey in early Canadian life was a way to define the meaning of the sport, understand why it was played, and how these factors contributed to social life and behavior. Further, the writer maintains that hockey played an important part in the formation of early Canadian stuff.
From the Paper "Canadian culture is an elusive concept. The vast geography of the country, coupled with hundreds of years of steady immigration, make any single national phenomenon difficult to define. One cultural factor that many Canadians can agree on is the national sport of hockey. In the book Hockey Night in Canada, Richard Gruneau and David Whitson examine this cultural phenomenon and how it affects the Canadian mindset. The authors state at the beginning of Chapter 2 that "one of the many indicators of hockey's growing importance in Canadian popular culture" was the fierce debate that continues to rage over where in the country the game first originated. The three cities vying for the title seem ... "
Abstract There are a few stereotypical images that spring to mind when one thinks of Canada's national identity, and hockey is inevitably one of them. Is this sport really a part of Canada's national identity, or has it become an empty corporate shell? This paper discusses the book "Hockey Night in Canada", by Richard Gruneau and David Whitson and the message it conveys about the Canadian cultural and national identity.
Abstract This paper looks at how hockey, arguably Canada's most popular sport, is so engrained in Canadian culture that Canadian identification with it begins at an early age. The paper points out how, along with Richard Gruneau and David Whitson, the authors of "Hockey Night in Canada: Sports Identities and Cultural Politics", Canadian youth over the decades have grown up with a fairly stylized and masculine ideal of the sport and its place in Canadian society.
Abstract This paper presents a positive review of John Lee's poems in "The Hockey Player Sonnets: Overtime Edition", describing them as a rich reflection of myths that will be familiar to many Canadians. As such, they would make a pleasant and even nostalgic read for many people. The writer of the paper explains that, although the poems don't have the same effect on her as they would on someone who grew up with the particular heritage discussed by the poems, they do contribute to her understanding of the myths surrounding the game of hockey in Canada. The paper also notes that the poems offer a variety of perspectives on the myths and evoke a number of clear pictures of a particular lifestyle.
Abstract This paper takes a look at the amount of violence in professional hockey, focusing primarily on the case of Todd Bertuzzi and Steve Moore. This paper goes on to discuss the debate such violence has caused within the world of sport.
From the Paper "The Todd Bertuzzi-Steve Moore incident in the National Hockey League's 2003-2004 season provoked widespread debate in both the sports world and among the general public about the role of violence in professional hockey. In this incident Bertuzzi, in retaliation for an aggressive hit by Moore on one of Bertuzzi's teammates, attacked Moore and accidentally broke his neck. While there was no paralysis, Bertuzzi was indefinitely suspended and Moore was said to be considering lawsuits against Bertuzzi, Bertuzzi's team, and the NHL in general."
Abstract This paper discusses the short story, "The Hockey Sweater" by a French-Canadian writer Roch Carrier and argues that the main theme of the story is the strained relationship between the Anglophone and Francophone Canadians, told through an allegory. The paper relates that, although Carrier does find that there are common points in the relationship between Francophone and Anglophone Canadians, most of the story is concentrated on the conflicts between the two major Canadian cultures.
From the Paper "The story selected for this essay is "The Hockey Sweater" by a French-Canadian writer Roch Carrier. The essay will argue that the main theme of the story is the strained relationship between the Anglophone and Francophone Canadians, told through an allegory.
"The main protagonist of the story, written in the first-person narrative, is a young boy whose life revolves around school, the church and the skating rink where he plays hockey with his friends from school. This suggests that the author might be writing from his own experiences and points of view. As will be shown later in this text, he lives in the small town in Quebec. The most exciting part of boy's life is takes place at the rink. Everything else is considered punishment. The choice of hockey rink as a center of life, or at least of good life, places the story setting deep in Canadian culture. Hockey as national Canadian sport is a part of both Anglophone and Francophone Canadians' life. Something the two can and do share. Probably the most common dream of all Canadian boys, Francophone or Anglophone, is to be a great hockey player."
This essay examines Locke's social contract between people and sovereign and how Locke embraces the people's right of revolution, and assigns the sovereign reciprocal responsibilities to his subjects that Hobbes does not do.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, 2000, $ 67.95
Abstract To substantiate the social contract as a valid justification for the political order, I will primarily examine Locke's social contract between people and sovereign, rather than Hobbes's social contract among the people, because Locke's theory is generally superior and more contemporarily relevant. I will first examine the pre-political state of persons, which is the state of nature, and demonstrate that rational individuals are compelled to enter society by agreeing to the social contract. Secondly, I will discuss the principal advantage of the social contract, which is that the government is legitimized by the consent of the people. Thirdly, I will discuss the principal advantage peculiar to Locke's formulation of the social contract, which is that the sovereign is held accountable for his actions. To more thoroughly examine the validity of the social contract in justifying a political order, I will discuss a possible objection to the use of the social contract, namely, that the social contract cannot oblige any but those who originally formed such a contract.
From the Paper "After the English Civil War, justifying political authority became a particularly pressing concern. After all, the nation fought a bloody war to determine whether its supreme authority would be King Charles I, who claimed rule by divine right, or the Parliament. Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan was published in 1651, shortly after the Rump Parliament voted to execute the often-intractable Charles I in 1649. The chaos of the Civil War, regicide, and the establishment of Cromwell's Protectorate surely led Hobbes to favor a sovereign with absolute power. In contrast, Locke's Second Treatise on Government, published in 1690, was greeted by a starkly different English political culture. The 1688 Glorious Revolution, a bloodless coup in which the last Catholic monarch, James II, was finally deposed, allowed for the acceptance of the English Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights finally guaranteed the supremacy of Parliament and the political and civil rights of the people. Granted the historical fact of the Glorious Revolution, Locke embraces the people's right of revolution, and assigns the sovereign reciprocal responsibilities to his subjects that Hobbes does not do. Although Hobbes and Locke ultimately design markedly different states, each justifies the political order with a social contract. The social contract does, indeed, provide a convincing justification for the political order."
Tags: government, hobbes, john, leviathan, locke, on, second, thomas, treatise
Abstract This paper examines John Locke's philosophy and its impact on the Enlightenment. The author describes how some of Locke's outlooks were considered heresy. His essays and presentations did much to usher in an entirely new way of thinking, and this is why he has been called the father of Enlightenment. The paper includes many quotes by Locke and analyzes two of his treatises. The paper concludes with a biographical background of Locke and how his life may have influenced his philosophy.
From the Paper " A look at Locke's early life shows why his thinking was so well rounded. He first was trained in an area of study that would have led him to become a 'man of the cloth' but instead of choosing that direction he turned to medicine as a field of study. Eventually he was granted the right to practice medicine, and did so, but also began to study in his quest to become a member of the Royal Society. Much of his training had to do with the manner of mankind's attempts to think from both a spiritual aspect and a physical aspect. His assertions included a mixture of many different areas, including; spiritual, medical, physical as well as external and internal influences on mankind's thinking process and the ideas and knowledge gained by those processes."
Abstract The paper begins by exploring John Locke's biography as means of providing a better understanding of why he developed the philosophies that he did. It continues by presenting his philosophies, views on government, obligation of revolution, state of nature, and man's reason for establishing government. Lastly, the paper discusses the influence of John Locke's philosophy on modern North America. Specific examples are drawn out from Canadian and American constitutional documents to show the impact that John Locke has had on North America.
From the Paper "As long as people have been able to think and reason, all sorts of different ideas, philosophies, theories and arguments have circulated in society. Some have been good and many have been bad and useless. The good ones have remained known and respected in societies throughout generations and have unsurprisingly impacted the way people live and think. The theories of one particular philosopher by the name of John Locke have had an everlasting impact on modern day North American politics and government. This will be proven through the analysis of John Locke's biography, his political theories, and the influence of his philosophy on the nature of the rule of government in the U.S and Canada."
Abstract This paper discusses ideas based upon the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill, showing evidence that each of these political philosophers defined liberalism within the context of their broader views of human society and government. As a believer in autocratic monarchy, Hobbes had a negative view of liberalism. In contrast, John Locke supported liberal principles and believed that the people have an inherent right to govern themselves through representative government. John Stuart Mill generally agreed with Locke on the liberal merits of representative government, but believed that the rights of individuals were virtually unlimited.
Abstract This essay discusses how Locke and Rousseau had two very different conceptions of human freedom. Rousseau's vision entailed a society where the individual's will was subordinate to the "general will." Locke, meanwhile, believed that freedom was impossible if individual freedom was not at the root of society.
