Abstract
The paper looks at the cultural, socio-economic and public policy factors that appear to be at work when it comes to why HIV/AIDS has spread so dramatically amongst African-Americans. Before getting there, however, the paper starts by noting some frightening statistics that show just how ubiquitous HIV/AIDS has become in black America. From there, the paper subsequently explores the cultural factors that are dragging black America into this quagmire as well as the socio-economic factors that are aggravating the situation - as well as precipitating it in the first place.

From the Paper
"The following paper looks at the spread of HIV/AIDS in the black community. In particular, the essay looks at the cultural, socio-economic and public policy factors that appear to be at work when it comes to why HIV/AIDS has spread so dramatically amongst African-Americans. Before getting there, however, the essay will start by noting some frightening statistics that show just how ubiquitous HIV/AIDS has become in black America. From there, the paper will subsequently explore the cultural factors that are dragging black America into this quagmire as well as the socio-economic factors that are aggravating the situation - as well as..."

Tags:hiv, aids, community

Abstract
This paper provides a comparison and contrast of HIV/AIDS in the United States and sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses various aspects of the virus and epidemic, including origins, mortality, incidence, demographics, treatment, research and government policy. Also included is a discussion of why the disease is abating in the U.S. but continuing to increase in scope and proportion in sub-Saharan Africa.

From the Paper
"Often referred to as a contemporary Black Plague, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is over twenty-five years old. The disease has killed more than millions of people worldwide and experts estimate that millions more are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus responsible for AIDS. First detected among gay men in New York and Los Angeles, AIDS initially was viewed as a homosexual disease."

Tags:monkeys, transmission, blood borne, sexually transmitted diseases, malnutrition, immune system, suppression, lymphocytes, multidrug treatments, homosexuality, blacks, pregnancy, infants

Abstract
The paper begins with an overview of AIDS epidemic in terms of its derivation and the possible causes of AIDS. It describes AIDS in developing countries and those countries' national government strategy for battling it, the paper continues by investigating AIDS in industrialized countries and comparing these policies to those in developing countries. To better understanding the differences locally and internationally, certain sample countries have been used to illustrate the situation. The paper also explores the global AIDS prevention strategy and evaluates how HIV vaccine developing.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of AIDS
Introduction of AIDS
Global Picture of AIDS
Distribution of AIDS
AIDS in Developing Countries
Sex between Men in the Developing World
Government Strategy on Sex between Men
Education in Asia
Strategy Effectiveness
HIV Vaccine in Developing Countries
Thailand
South America
Africa
The Spread of Injecting and Drug Use in Developing Countries
The Golden Triangle
Drugs in Russia
AIDS in Industrialized Countries
American Syringe Exchange
Strategy Effectiveness
Syringe Exchange in the UK
NHS and Local Health Authorities
Global AIDS Strategy
World Health Organization
Global AIDS Societies
Vaccine Development
Conclusion
Appendix
Reference

From the Paper
"AIDS is now found worldwide. While, what is AIDS? Keith Alcorn and Robert Fieldhouse (2000) stated, "AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. It is the result of damage to the immune system: the resultant deficiency in its functions allows certain specific opportunistic infections or tumors to flourish." It is an opportunistic virus, which could take the opportunity to damage human being's immune system and cause death.

"In 1986, there is a hypothesis released in St. Mary's Hospital (1986), that is the disease may have originated in Central Africa and then expand to Caribbean, USA and Europe. While there are more and more scientists argued the origin of AIDS, Keith Alcorn and Robert Fieldhouse (2000) argued that "AIDS was first identified as a distinct syndrome in 1981 as the consequence of a cluster of cases amongst gay men in large US cities with highly visible and established gay communities." Peter Aggleton (1994) found that how serious that AIDS expand worldwide, the epidemic has increased over 100-fold since AIDS was identified in 1981, according to the research for the Harvard-based Global AIDS Policy. By 1992 at lease 12.9 million people worldwide were infected with HIV (7.1 million men, 4.7 million women, 1.1 million children)."

Tags:aids, business, hiv, strategy, epidemic, acquired, immune, deficiency, syndrome, virus

Abstract
AIDS awareness is best-funded and best-taught in the United States of America. This realization is especially apparent when HIV rates are examined in African countries and some Asian countries such as India. Education levels about sexually transmitted diseases in general " and funding for prevention and treatment programs " are very low in many foreign countries. However, recently, for the first time in several years, the incidence of HIV infections has grown in America. Many doctors and health promotion professionals attribute this recent growth to a lifestyle shift in which Americans have grown lax in their concern about AIDS. This paper examines the changes that need to be made, and their relative effects and side effects, from a health promotion perspective to increase awareness of AIDS and HIV in an era when people are once again lowering their guard against the disease. Also, this paper makes recommendations that will contribute to fundamental health promotion ideals in reducing the incidents of the AIDS virus in America. The recommendations are made in the Data Analysis Chapter, and then summarized and listed in the Summary Chapter as well.

Table Of Contents
Chapter 1, Introduction
State The Problem
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Chapter 2, Methodology
Identify the Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Comment on Validity of Data
Comment on Originality and Limitation of Data
Summary of Methodology
Chapter 3, Review of Related Literature
Chapter 4, Data Analysis
Chapter 5, Summary, Conclusions And Recommendations
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Of equal concern to this paper's research will be the fact that so many Americans have HIV but do not know it. These Americans are arguably the most dangerous for the spread of the disease, as they may continue to pursue certain lifestyles that will increase the numbers of HIV patients in America. For instance, as CNN reports, "According to the CDC, some 900,000 Americans are infected with HIV, and one-third of them -- almost 300,000 -- don't even know it." And truly, that is where HIV is most dangerous. The symptoms are often negligible (fatigue, fever, sore throat) and attributable to a common cold or other ailment, so HIV positive patients continue to lead there lives in such a manner that they spread the disease because they simply do not know they have it until they develop full-blown AIDS."

Tags:unsafe, sex, HAART, drugs

Abstract
This paper is a research into the current trends in HIV and AIDS in America, with the main focus on the demographics of people who are newly infected with the disease. Areas that are discussed include infection rates among various racial and age groups. The author also focuses on the growing sexual subculture with gay and bisexual minorities called the 'down low', which is changing the face of HIV and AIDS as many unsuspecting women are now getting HIV and AIDS from their husbands and boyfriends. Statistics are also provided to reinforce the fact that HIV and AIDS is changing its demographic path. Suggestions are also provided to help eliminate this impeding HIV and AIDS crisis.

From the Paper
"HIV and AIDS have also increased in the Latino population. Approximately 40,000 people are infected with the HIV virus each year in the United States. 19 percent of these new cases are Latinos, even though they only comprise 13 percent of the population. HIV is the fourth leading cause of death for Latinos aged 25 to 44 in 2002. One factor that plays a role in this increase is that many people in the Latino community are in the United States illegally and are afraid to come forward for treatment and testing for fear of deportation. As a result of this fear, they are not as informed of the preventative measures that need to be taken to avoid being infected with HIV and AIDS. Another reason for this increase is the number of Latino men who are in prison and engaging in risky sexual activity while behind bars. They in turn infect their girlfriends or wives when they are released from prison. (Smith, 2004)."

Tags:sexuality, stereotypes, viral

Abstract
This paper provides analysis and research into the issue of HIV and sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs) among African-American youth, and aims to show what can be done to slow the tide of this epidemic.
While acknowledging that HIV and STDs are not confined to any one gender, age group, sexual preference, or race, the paper states that urban, African-American communities do have a much larger number of HIV/STD cases than other populations. The paper cites research indicating that African-Americans make up around 50 percent of all new infections of HIV and other STDs being discovered in the U.S. Discrimination against homosexual people and against others with "alternative" lifestyles is another reason why many people choose not to seek treatment or prevention strategies for the HIV virus, the paper adds. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the information that black adolescents receive must be relevant to them and their culture, and it must drive home that point that these diseases can affect them and the people they care about. The paper concludes that when a culturally relevant message to that effect can be gotten across and enforced, the instances of HIV/STDs in black America will finally start to drop. This paper contains illustrative charts and figures.

Outline:
Introduction
Statistics
The Emotional and Mental Toll
Prevalence
The Effects of Shunning Those with HIV/AIDS/STDs
Cultural Competency
Risk Reduction
Programs To Help Reduce Risk
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"It is largely difficult to lump many of the causes of HIV in African-Americans into one or two particular areas based on the fact that many people who might have unprotected sexual relations with a person of the same sex, such as in prison, do not consider themselves gay or bisexual (Brown, et al, 2003). However, these people contract the virus at a much higher rate and when they spread it to other people it is often without knowledge that they have even contracted the disease."

Tags:AIDS, black, immunodeficiency, teenagers

Abstract
AIDS is a devastating disease that has ravaged our world over the past twenty years. The issue of AIDS in America is one of much debate that continues to challenge the medical community. This discussion examines the epidemic of AIDS in America. It provides an analysis of the most infected portion of the society and the tactics that are being implemented to stop the disease from spreading.

From the Paper
"The article goes on to explain that AIDS can be transmitted in several different ways, which include; needle sticks among healthcare workers, sexual contact, transmission during pregnancy and through exposure to contaminated blood. (Rowland 1996) The disease usually attacks the body in one of three ways; autoimmunity, nervous system dysfunction and immunodeficiency. Autoimmunity causes the body to produce antibodies that work against the body's own cells. Nervous system dysfunction causes AIDS related dementia in patients. Immunodeficiency makes AIDS patients more susceptible to several illnesses including herpes and cancer. (Rowland 1996)"

Tags:HIV, antibodies, imdune

Abstract
This paper is comprised of research proposed to contribute to the effort to identify and target certain groups at higher risk for HIV/AIDS by examining whether foreign students from South Korea currently studying in the United States may be a group that remains at risk despite current prevention efforts.

Table of Contents:
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Significance of the Study
Delimitations
Limitations
Definitions
Overview of the Proposal
Review of the Literature
Nature of the Disease
Current Trends in the United States
Current Trends in South Korea
HIV/AIDS in South Korea
HIV/AIDS among South Koreans Living in Other Countries
Summary and Conclusions
Restatement of the Research Problem
Design Variables
Research Approach
Subject Selection Methods
Data Gathering Procedures
Instrumentation
Demographic Questionnaire
Attitudes Toward Safe Sex Practices: The SRS
The AIDS Knowledge Questionnaires
Data Analysis Plan
Descriptive Analysis
Inferential Analysis
Tables

From the Paper
"Findings such as those observed by Kihara, Kihara, Ohya and Ichikawa (1998) lead to the question of whether prevention efforts in the United States are of benefit to foreign students, especially to students from South Korea. One study that sheds some light on this topic was conducted by Chou, Chin and Rodriquez (1998). In order to measure the effect of HIV 101 workshops on HIV knowledge, condom use self-efficacy, as well as intention to practice safer sex among immigrant and US-born Asians in New York City, the authors conducted a quasi-experimental, pretest-post test design. Subjects in the study consisted of Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean, and Japanese workshop 101 participants."

Tags:awareness, condom, disease, control, safe

Abstract
This paper explores the AIDS epidemic as one of the most significant health-related events of this century highlighting the staggering financial and social costs which are growing daily. The paper looks at the spread of the disease due to the social behavior of mankind, mainly in the form of unprotected sex. The author then surmises the only way to prevent further devastation from the disease is to educate society to try and change their social behavior. The paper concludes that in America and Thailand statistics show that due to changes in social behavior, the number of AIDS cases have decreased.

Table of Contents
Introduction
History and Prevalence
Statistical Information
Physiology
Cultural Societal Impact
Research
Stigma
Effect
Opinion/Analysis
Case Study
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is possible that momentum for prevention will build up, as the epidemic becomes more visible. Today, although one in every 100 adults in the most sexually active age bracket (15-49) is living with HIV, only a tiny fraction know about their infection. Because people can live for many years with HIV before showing any sign of illness, the virus can spread unobserved for a long time. In the face of other pressing concerns, it has been relatively easy in many parts of the world for political, religious and community leaders to overlook the significance of the epidemic. But AIDS cases, and AIDS deaths, are growing the world over, and there are few countries where it is still possible to be ignorant of the scale of the disease. Some 2.3 million people died of AIDS during the course of 1997. In roughly the same number again HIV infection developed into symptomatic AIDS. HIV has more than doubled the adult death rate in some places, and is the single biggest cause of adult death in many others ."

Tags:health, society, infected, epidemic, hiv

Abstract
This paper discusses the history, causes, and effects of AIDS, including treatments and infection statistics. The paper includes heavily detailed scientific descriptions of diseases that come with AIDS.

From the Paper
"This means that the chances are very likely that the lives of almost every American has been touched by AIDS, either because they themselves have the disease or because they know someone who has it. But even though so many people have been affected in some way, it is fair to say that AIDS is misunderstood by a majority of the population. Individuals as different as homosexual men, elderly transfusion recipients, heterosexual women, drug-using heterosexual men and infants have all developed AIDS with only one common denominator: infection with HIV."

Tags:lyphendanopathy, HIV, tuberculosis, heterosexual, CDC, immunology, AZT