Abstract
This paper examines historically social dancing in the 20th century, also called couple dancing. The paper describes the five different types: Modern Waltz, Tango, Viennese Waltz, Slow Foxtrot, and Quickstep, all of which are presently danced the world over both socially as well as in dance sport competitions.

From the Paper
"Social dancing was derived from the concept of dancing by a couple, usually a man and a lady, in a closed hand. Coming from the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, these dances gained popularity from the standard ballroom dances with diverse rhythms, tempos, and aesthetics. Although all these aspects changed with the change in the social attitudes, the one thing, which remained common through out the history of dancing, is that of the couple dance or the social dances. (Evans 2001)"

Tags:couple, dance, modern, waltz, tango, viennese, slow, foxtrot, quickstep, world, dance, sport, competitions

Abstract
This paper answers five specific essay questions on the subject of Mark Mazower's book, "Dark Continent: Europe's Twentieth Century". This book concentrates on the fact that Europe was a place of absolute bloodshed and social decay until the later part of the Twentieth Century, and that the Second World War arose from not only the Nazi Party but also these factors.

Abstract
The following paper will look at twentieth century Canadian working class history with an eye towards exploring the challenges facing women in Canada's workforce. In particular, the next several pages will look at the historic attitudes which kept women out of many jobs and time will also be set aside to looking at the difficult job positions and work conditions - often tenuous, rarely well-paying - that women were forced to accept if they wanted paid employment. The essay will then examine the hostility which is also prevalent (or can be prevalent) in non-traditional sectors when women start intruding upon a space that has always been, definitively, male. From there, a significant portion of time will be devoted to highlighting how Canada - despite its public proclamations to be an enthusiastic supporter of women's rights - has done little to help busy professional women balance a career and the chores of being a mother. Last of all, the paper will conclude by underlining the simple, yet unpalatable, fact that sexist attitudes and stereotypes continue to pop up in the Canadian workplace (and in Canadian public life) despite vigorous efforts to stamp them out. In summation, the things that are holding Canadian women back today are attitudinal, cultural and - given the absence of appropriate day care centers - structural. Until these matters are addressed, women will continue to struggle without success to achieve full equality with men.

From the Paper
Twentieth-Century Canadian Working Class History: The Historic Challenges Facing Women in Canada's Workforce The following paper will look at twentieth century Canadian working class history with an eye towards exploring the challenges facing women in Canada's workforce. In particular, the next several pages will look at the historic attitudes which kept women out of many jobs and time will also be set aside to looking at the difficult job positions and work conditions - often tenuous, rarely well-paying - that women were forced to accept if they wanted paid employment. The essay will then examine the hostility which is also prevalent (or can be prevalent) in non-traditional sectors

Tags:challenges, women, workforce

Abstract
This paper begins by addressing the history of American twentieth century foreign policy as being a conflict between internationalism and isolationism. The paper describes five major periods of transition of twentieth-century American foreign policy and analyzes each. This paper then examines American interventions in the world from the Cold War to the Persian Gulf.

From the Paper
"Many foreign policy analysts have noted a conflict between internationalism and isolationism in the history of United States foreign policy. However, the recurrence of these ideas is not coincidence. In fact, as Schonberg (2003) claims in Pursuing the National Interest: Moments of Transition in Twentieth-Century American Foreign Policy, these ideas 'combined with their clear effects on actual policy in every era suggests that their role in the process of foreign policy change should be considered more closely.' (Schonberg, 2003, p. 230) Looking at the five major periods of transition of twentieth-century American foreign policy, the premise of this study will conclude that the U.S. has slacked in living up to the ideal set in motion under the administration of President Woodrow Wilson in committing its armed forces to battle."

Tags:foreign policy, cold war, isolationism, world war II, vietnam, clinton administration, woodrow wilson, internationalism

Abstract
This paper discusses, from all angles, at home, at work and in the community, Twentieth-Century Mexican-American women, descendants of some of the first immigrants to the United States. The paper reviews Ruiz's book that shows Mexican-America women working for menial wages to help support the family and suffering from stereotypes. The author states that, although often history texts can be dry and lifeless, Ruiz's text comes alive with the voices of the women about whom she writes.

From the Paper
"Each of the causes of change was important and devastating, but probably the most devastating was the discovery of gold in California. Mexican-Americans had long made California their home, and some owned extensive ranchos, but California glittered too brightly, and the United States took the country for its own in 1850. The rancho way of life disappeared, especially when the ranchos belonged to women, which was not unusual in Mexican society. Unlike the U.S., Mexican women could and did own their own property, but their title was not recognized when the U. S. annexed California, and they lost much if not all of their land."

Tags:immigrants, california, menial, wages, family, stereotypes, voices, home, work, community

Abstract
This paper considers the progress of organized labor throughout the twentieth century, with a look ahead to the future. It finds that the labor movement came from minimal power to be a substantial force in the American culture during the mid-twentieth century, but then faded. The paper further discusses how the labor movement flourished largely because of the two world wars and the Great Depression, which are impossible to replicate. The paper asserts that for these reasons, it is questionable whether labor, in its traditional form, can flourish in the foreseeable future.

From the Paper
"In the twentieth century, the American worker experienced a trials and remarkable triumphs. In the new millennium, workers in America must adapt to obstacles which have effectively put the working class in America in a position not unlike the position it held a century ago. Unfortunately, the events which largely fueled the rise of organized labor in the twentieth century - two "hot" wars, the Cold War, and the Great Depression - can recur only at unspeakable costs, and without some catalyst of this nature, the willingness of the American polity to accept equity for the working class is questionable."

Tags:unions, war, depression

Abstract
This essay discusses Eric Wolf's "Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century". The paper examines Wolf's account of the major popular peasant-based revolutions of the twentieth century -- in Russia, Mexico, China, Algeria, Cuba, and Viet Nam. William Rodney's work is used to illuminate Wolf's main points.

Tags:eric, wolf

Abstract
As America developed in the nineteenth century, large cities sprang up across the nation. In particular, by the twentieth century with the help of an influx of immigration, New York City had become a bustling city with well over one million people. Opinions on the quality of city life were mixed, especially among artists. This paper refutes the arguments put forth by cultural historian, Alan Trachtenberg, in his book "Reading American Art", that artists, specifically photographers like Alfred Stieglitz, manipulated their art to convey their individual feelings toward the big city. The paper argues that Trachtenberg unfairly groups all artists that presented urban imagery into the same category. The photography Trachtenberg refers to differs substantially from other photographers and painters that portrayed city life. The paper includes several reproductions of photographs and paintings.

From the Paper
"However, most often, the Ashcan artists focused on the city as a collection of individual "microneighborhoods" 4 rather than a larger entity. This differs again from Trachtenberg's assertion that the city is most often depicted as picturesque. Again, by inserting people into the picture, the picturesque nature is lost. In comparing Sloan's A Woman's Work to Hine's Playground in a Tenement Alley there are parallels that can be drawn. Both show low class tenements with their laundry hanging out to dry over an alley. Sloan's painting portrays the house work that women must do and suggests that the woman is the one who keeps the house in order. Hine's photo proposes that while the children live in a run down rookery tenement, they are quite satisfied playing baseball."

Tags:Jessie, Tarbox, Beals, Arnold, Genthe, Lewis, Hine, Ashcan, School

Abstract
The paper shows that not only did the ideas and policies of Marx, Lenin, Stalin Mussolini and Hitler have significant effects within their own countries during their lifetimes, but became so widespread that their influence was felt throughout the world. The author of the paper shows that the ideas and actions of these five men are now of such importance to the study of history, politics and sociology, that their influence will be taught to, and discussed by, students for many generations to come.

From the Paper
"In his desire to restore Italy to greatness, Mussolini was responsible for introducing the images that are now commonly associated with the word fascism , such as military rallies, emotional speeches and slogans, and a patriotic leader with great personal charisma (Griffin 1995). These ideas and images were soon adopted and developed by the leader of the country with which Italy would form a close alliance with during World War II, a man who saw Mussolini as a role model, but who would take the ideas of Mussolini and Fascism to such an extreme that he would become, arguably, the most notorious and despised man in history - Adolf Hitler."

Tags:Marxism, Bolshevik, Communist, fascist, Il, Duce, Germany, Russia, Italy, WWII