Abstract
This paper provides a book review of Benjamin A. Elman's "A Cultural History of Modern Science in China". The review offers Elman's thesis and main points, a summary of the author's work, and a critique of the overall value of the book on the rise of modern science in China.

From the Paper
"In Benjamin A. Elman's "A Cultural History of Modern Science in China", the author demonstrates how during the last three hundred years of imperial history, science was at the forefront of politics and intellectual concerns in China. Knowing this history, Elman believes we can better understand the meaning of science in China today. Examining the blending of natural learning that occurred from ...s to ... with events..."

Tags:Qing Dynasty, Sino-Japanese war, industrial revolution, investigation, traditional, natural inquiry, West

Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between Nike, the athletic shoe company and China. It discusses the history of the relationship in terms of China providing Nike with its manufacturing labor and then looks at the new evolving relationship in terms of China being the company's most promising new market. The paper focuses on Nike's potential success in China.

From the Paper
"This is not to say that these are jobs that American workers would love to have. They continue to be repetitive, boring jobs that pay an average of five dollars a day including overtime. Even as conditions have improved in these factories, the Chinese government has passed laws that have made it more difficult for Nike to do business in China. Recently, the company has had to deal with charges that it required employees to work overtime hours that exceeded maximums set by both the company and local laws. Still, workers continue to flood in from the countryside for a chance to work sixty-hour, six-day work weeks at the company's many factories in China."

Tags:sweatshop, manufacturing, product, market, shoes

Abstract
This paper reviews "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Economy, History and Political Structure" by John Bryan Starr. This paper discusses China's ancient culture and its emergence as one of the foremost powers in the modern world. This paper focuses on China's recent admission to the World Trade Organization and as well as its economy which is set to become the largest in the world within the next few years. The writer of this paper examines China's political history and contends that in spite of the country's numerous transformations, the structure of the government is today fundamentally identical with what it was under the later imperial dynasties. Today, there is no emperor at the top, but instead a small committee of the leading members of various political parties who hold much the same position. Although there had been significant changes in China's economy, few political changes transpired. The communists still hold a monopoly of power and although its economic policies scarcely seem to be communist anymore, it does not intend to relax its political grip.

From the Paper
"Starr contends that China remains one of the most self-contained and hence inscrutable countries in the world. It has an ancient culture of major historical importance, and has been emerging as one of the foremost powers of the modern world. It is the third largest country in the world and certainly the most populous, with about one-fifth of the world's total population. Modern communications make it as easy to reach Beijing from London or New York as it is to get to Singapore or Nairobi. Yet China remains little known and poorly understood; few foreigners learn its language or study its history and culture. Although foreign trade and tourism have increased dramatically in the last decade, they are only very slowly leading to any changes in foreign perceptions of China."

Tags:china, asia, economy, history, culture, communism

Abstract
This paper examines how China, the most populated nation in the world, and one of the fast developing economies of the 21st century, has a history of drug abuse. It looks at how what started with opium has moved on to China being the leading supplier of new synthetic drugs in the Asian region. It analyzes the drug menace in China and studies it in contrast with Saudi Arabia, which has a zero tolerance policy, so that we can have a better picture of the social and economic impacts of drug abuse on the respective nations. It also highlights the discrepancies in the current system and the need for further reforms.

Outline
Introduction
China (History of Drugs)
People Who Consume Drugs
Present Problems
Drug Trafficking (A Growing Menace)
Measures Taken by the Government
China?s Drug Policies (Laws)
International Collaboration
Awareness Programs
Saudi Arabia
International Cooperation
China and Saudi Arabia
Conclusion

From the Paper
"China is by far the worst affected nation, a history of drug addiction, which spans many centuries. British imperialism wrote a whole new chapter in Chinese history by forcing the free trade of opium into the country. During the early nineteenth century Chinese tea, silk and other products found a great market in Britain and other European nations. Britain was bent upon finding a way to restore the trading equation in its favor. It found in China a land with plentiful opportunity for opium trade. Soon thousands of kilos of British opium entered Chinese market. The result was a drastic reverse in the trading scenario with huge monetary benefits for Britain and a virtual catastrophe for China. Lin Zexu, one of the chief Chinese officials destroyed more than 20 thousand boxes of opium."

Tags:opium, addiction

Abstract
The writer looks at the National Ballet of China and its history. This article also studies the form and history of dance in China. The writer describes how the objective of the National Ballet of China is to introduce to the Chinese audiences Western classical ballets and contemporary ballet works. The National Ballet also aims to explore the unique and possible fusion of classical ballet and the Chinese culture. The author explains that in 1957, the classic "Swan Lake," was performed on stage and signaled the formal entry of the ballet form into the country. The paper glances at recently produced successes and at how the company experiments with different modern styles.

From the Paper
"One of the world's top 10 ballet companies, the National Ballet of China was founded on December 31,1959 (CCTV 2005, Orange County 2005) and has, in the past four decades, consisted of generations of striving and gifted artists. The dance company has turned out outstanding artistic achievements in Western and Chinese classical and contemporary ballet. It had rough and tough times too as when it was under-funded and its members became over-aged. Its only reward was art itself and its artists continued to devote themselves to their career to become the pioneer in China's unique ballet style."

Tags:style, artist, dancers, company

Abstract
This paper provides an evaluation of future international trading prospects between China, the United States and other countries through the event of the visit made by Chinese president Jiang Zemin?s to the U.S. in October, 2002. The development of political relations and foreign trade between China and the U.S. in the past few decades is analysed through a review of the developments in trading for both China and the U.S., the improvement of political and foreign trade relations between the two countries, the U.S. investment in China, China?s entry into the World Trade Organisation and the recent improvement of political relations between the two countries. A recommendation for further improvement of the relationship between the two nations is also given.

From the Paper
"Except for the period of rapid growth of Sino-Soviet trade in the 1950s, China, in the Maoist era, pursued relatively autarkic trade and financial policies. During the 1960s, when the trade of both developing and industrialised economies was growing rapidly, China's trade was actually shrinking in real terms. Initially, that was a response to the severing of the Sino-Soviet economic relationship and the collapse of the domestic economy as a result of the economically ill-fated strategy of the Great Leap Forward. But later, as domestic growth resumed, it reflected the autarky of the Cultural Revolution, when all but one of China's ambassadors were recalled from their posts and China turned inwards."

Tags:export, gdp, global, import, investment, jiang

Abstract
The paper looks at "We All Got History: The Memory Books of Amos Webber" by social historian Nick Salvatore and relates that the multiple publications of this book reflect its importance and enduring value. The paper explains that it is a compelling and memorable account of racism in the United States and examines the struggle of activists for racial equality and social justice.

From the Paper
""The Memory Books of Amos Webber" was written by social historian Nick Salvatore and was published in hardcover in 1997 by Random House. Two paperback editions have also been published, one by the University of Illinois Press in 2006 and the other by Vintage Books in 2007. These multiple publications reflect the importance and enduring..."

Tags:amos, webber, book

Abstract
This paper analyzes Anne Rubenstein's book "Bad Language, Naked Ladies, and other Threats to the Nation: A Political History of Comic Books in Mexico". It discusses the impact that comics have had in shaping the Mexican political scene, as well as showing how the comics themselves served as a stage for the playing out of political and cultural battles, as Mexico grew from a very Catholic, sustenance-agrarian culture, to a modern industrial one. It shows how in the 1930s there was for the first time in Mexico, a literate or at least semi-literate force with a growing amount of spending cash for entertainment and while the new government may not have directly encouraged the reading of comic books, by promoting civil freedoms and providing economic support for independent publishers, it created an atmosphere that allowed comic books to proliferate.

From the Paper
"In regarding this study it might be best to consider that the story of comic books in Mexico was but a microcosm that when studied gives one an idea of what was happening in Mexico from the 1930s to the 1970s, rather than something that truly shaped Mexican culture and politics into the 21st century. Rubenstein is aware of this concern and says as much, "Comic books and related periodicals were not the only forms of mass media and popular culture that were part of this process in postrevolutionary mexico. Similar stories could be told about many entertainments: shopping, television, recorded music, dance, cinema, cooking, fashion, and holidays, to name only a few."

Tags:economy, culture, periodicals, mass, media, postrevolutionary, entertainment

Abstract
A look at the history of the economic expansion of China, the preconditions and policies that have resulted in China becoming the natural economic leader in the region. This includes a discussion of the reasons behind China's continuing influence on the global economy.

From the Paper
"This paper discusses the economic expansion of China over the last twenty years and China's leading role in the entire East Asian region. Additionally, China's continuing influence on the global economy by virtue of its massive manufacturing base and its potentially huge internal consumer market is examined. The argument is the China, by virtue of its economic, cultural, and political force defines the character of East Asia's economic profile."

Tags:china, economy, growth

Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of sports in China, especially since 1979. The paper addresses the importance of sports to the Chinese Communist government. The paper examines the history of physical education and sports in China and looks at the public financing of elite athletics.

From the Paper
"China's communists, according to Susan Lawrence, have always attached great importance to sports and athletic competition. The Chinese government under Mao Zedong and his successors has credited a strict physical regimen with the ability of their guerrilla armies to gain victory over the enormously superior firepower of their Kuomintang and Japanese opponents. As Lawrence put it, in just three years after winning power, the Communists established a sports ministry whose mission was to improve the physical fitness of the nation by bringing sports..."

Tags:China, athletics