Abstract The paper examines water's importance in the history of the world, which can be clearly seen in early civilizations and their dependence upon the availability and location of water. The paper explores how early societies structured their city life, agricultural practices, sanitary systems, and even politics around their sources and uses of water. The paper further examines how the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, India, Hebrews, and the Phoenicians are all examples of "hydraulic" civilizations to varying degrees. The paper concludes that the importance of water can be clearly seen through the locations and achievements of early civilizations.
From the Paper "An interesting difference between the hydraulic civilizations of India and the hydraulic civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia is the absence of powerful kings and rulers. Whereas the kings and pharaohs of the other societies oversaw the creation of the hydraulic system and forced labor into the construction and maintenance of it, "it is very difficult to square this hypothesis with what is known about the Indus civilization. There is no evidence of kings, slaves, or forced mobilization of labor" (crystalinks)."
Tags: Indus, River, pharaoh, Neolithic, Middle, Kingdom, Faiyum
Abstract This paper explains that, to understand the importance of water resource management, environmentalists must understand the importance of the geography and political structure of Abu Dhabi, one of seven Emirates in the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), which is a feudal society with absolute power in the hands of the Sheikh and his ministers, located on the Arabian Peninsula. The author points out that the region has a fragile ecosystem, which already shows the effects from oil exploration, transportation and processing. The paper stresses that water is a precious commodity in the desert and every country in the region is actively investigating the options to make the best and most effective use of this commodity. Many charts, diagrams and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Conventional and Unconventional Water Sources
Importance of Water Resource Management
From the Paper "Environmental protection groups and governments are constantly engaged in a struggle to critically identify the measures that can be taken to protect and save the environment. The need to develop a consistent tool that can be used universally by all countries is increasingly being stressed upon. One such tool is the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI). A product of the World Economic Forum, the ESI has been created to measure countries based on a wide-ranging and comprehensive set of factors that are designed to 'rank' to country. In reality, many of the issues and the concerns that are displayed in the ESI relate more to the concerns of the Western's more developed nations and many of the developing countries around the world feel pressurized to maintain standards that are not ideal for their situation."
Abstract This paper details the marketing strategies that the mineral water industry must adopt in order to be successful in penetrating the Indonesian mineral water market. The paper explains that there are certain risks associated with doing business in Indonesia and that knowledge of these risks and the ability to apply marketing strategies that take into account these risks are essential to maintaining a competitive edge. The paper further explains that, while there are great challenges to marketing mineral water in Indonesia, the potential payoff is also great. Finally, the paper provides background information on the Indonesian government and economy and a recommended strategy for marketing mineral water in Indonesia.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
The Driving Reasons
Some Words of Caution
Export and Import Trends
Government and the Economy
Principal Growth Sectors
Political Factors
Marketing U.S. Products and Services
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Although the strategies of global marketing within the Mineral Water Industry is to a great extent fairly straightforward throughout the world the strategies necessary for successfully marketing Mineral Water in Indonesia presents some quite unique problems that must be addressed in order to be successful in this venture. Several companies within the industry have successfully instituted the marketing of the Mineral Water Industry wide throughout the United States (US)."
Abstract This research work seeks to isolate and characterise microorganisms found in Ekosodin, Benin City. It examines borehole (underground) water for microorganisms and investigates the quality of the drinking water. The paper also analyses the tests that were performed and discusses the results. Finally, the paper presents recommendations for the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Origin Of Water Sources Of Water (Underground)
Importance Of Water Microbes And Underground (Borehole) Water Literature Review
Availability Of Underground Water Major Sources Of Pollution Of Groundwater
Underground Water Quality
Aim
Materials And Method
Total Bacterial Count
Cultural Characterization
Pure Culture Preparation And Preservation
Gram Staining
Motility Test
Oxidase Test
Coagulase Test
Biochemical Test
Discussion And Conclusion
Recommendation
From the Paper "The borehole water in Ekosodin and environs is the sole potable water supplied to sixty per cent of the students on campus. Therefore the basis of the investigation is on the quality of the said water. The selected borehole water samples were analyzed for the presence of coliform bacteria, as this is one of the means of assessing the purity of water supplied to the school in general."
"The result above shows that the presumptive count and mean of the water samples is 4.48 bacterial per 100ml of water. This falls within the normal range of standard values suggested by the World Health Organization (1971). At this point, the water could have been accepted for consumption but the usefulness of this count as an indicator of bacterial water contamination or its consumption quality has been questioned by some analysis partly because coliform bacterial detection which are potentially subjected to inferences."
Abstract The paper analyzes the issue of arsenic in drinking water and discusses different points of view regarding this problem. The paper also raises concerns regarding any contradicting research. The paper discusses limitations and developments and concludes that arsenic in the drinking water is an important concern that must be addressed in the near future, as is puts global health at risk.
Outline:
Introduction
Arsenic in Drinking Water as a Topic of Interest
Different Points of View & Conflicting Information
Research Limitations and Assumptions
New Developments
Personal Thoughts
From the Paper "In the past few years, the topic of health as it relates to environmental awareness has emerged as a significant concern for global leaders, government officials and the common family. Arsenic, a ubiquitous element found in the atmosphere, soils, rocks, natural waters and organisms, is one of the current leading environmental health issues. Most environmental arsenic problems are the result of mobilization under natural conditions, but man has contributed to the release of arsenic in the environment through mining activity, combustion of fossil fuels, herbicides, and the use of arsenic as an additive to livestock feed."
Abstract The paper evaluates the importance of water in the normal function of all body systems and organs. The paper explains that the existence of hormones within various glands also play a role in the normal absorption and secretion mechanisms of water within the various body systems, which work to regulate bodily functions on a regular basis whenever possible.
From the Paper "The human body's general life-sustaining functions and complex processes are critically dependent upon the intake of water in order to survive. The body is comprised of a significant percentage of water and this facilitates body systems and organs to function properly. Without the active and continuous presence of water in the human body, it is highly likely that these functions will fail and will lead to an early death. In sustaining the necessary level of water for all bodily functions, it is critical to identify and comprehend the utilization of hormones as a means of promoting the body's routine operations to function in a normal way at all times. The following discussion will evaluate the significance of hormone function in promoting regulation of water within the human body throughout all functions and systems."
Abstract This paper discusses how historical epidemics like the bubonic plague in Europe in the fourteenth century, the influenza outbreak of 1918-1920, smallpox during the 1960s and AIDS have impacted modern public health care policy and protocols.
From the Paper " Jonsen and Stryker argue that both historically and in moderntime's epidemics have been responsible for having a monumental impact on the following social institutions. The public health system ..."
Tags: health care, public health policy, epidemics, plague, sanitation, clean water, AIDS, bubonic plague, influenza, smallpox
Abstract The author of the paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of water management with regard to the Los Angeles Department of Water & Power (LADWP) and the Colorado River Aqueduct. With regard to increasing demands for fresh water and the decreasing amount of water available from the Colorado River, the writer examines measures that must, in the writer's opinion, be taken to manage water resources including the implementation of policies to encourage consumers to reduce water consumption.
From the Paper "The Colorado River Aqueduct and flow from the Colorado River is being managed relatively effectively today, largely because of the 2007 agreement. The agreement allows the MWD to create an "intentionally created surplus" (ICS) of water, and then store it in Lake Mead for use during shortages or droughts. The surplus water is a result of water conservation in farmlands, and the MWD is testing the program with Lake Mead officials now. There are things that could be managed differently, however. Consumers are the biggest users of water, and lawns and gardens are a large part of that usage. It would seem prudent for Southern California water districts to encourage homeowners to replace lawns and landscaping with low-water xeriscaping, as that would save a lot of water throughout the region. In addition, there needs to be more research and development into alternative technologies, such as desalination, underground water storage, and stormwater management."
Abstract An experiment that looks at a large amount of data and interpreting this to draw conclusions on water balance within animals. Looks at hormonal responses, salt concentrations, nitrogenous wastes, water losses and water intake via foods. Data is provided in results, and is fully interpreted, with focus on kidney function and wastes with respect to water balance within the body.
From the Paper "In human?s, the role of water balance is controlled by the kidneys, which act as an internal filter, removing wastes from the blood such as nitrogenous compounds which can be toxic if they accumulate. In an average adult male, there is approximately 5 litres of blood within the body, and of this, 1 litre of blood passes through the kidneys in I minute, so the total blood volume is filtered roughly every 5 minutes. "
Abstract This paper studies the connection between agriculturally-based land pollution, such as from herbicides and pesticides, and contaminated water. The paper presents research studies and statistics that indicate that this is the most significant and damaging source of water pollution. The paper also looks at the impact of water diversion through damning for irrigation projects. The paper concludes by discussing the international ramifications of land-based water pollution.
From the Paper "Rachel Carson, in her landmark book "Silent Spring" was the first to discover the pollution and contamination of land as well as water by insecticides. These chemicals are absorbed in the earth, and then run off into water- lakes or rivers and streams, and eventually into the oceans. The most recent catastrophe on Chesapeake Bay which contaminated almost the entire shrimp and scallop crop was presumed to have been caused by a chemical spill which began a "fouling" process that was like a fatal domino effect. From the pristine water, of the Bay it then ran off into nearby farmland, not only damaging crops, but also polluting one of the largest poultry producing areas in the country."
Abstract This paper discusses the state of water contamination the San Pablo Bay and the Sacramento River, which are two bodies of water associated with the San Francisco Bay. The author points out that both of these bodies of water are analyzed for the state of lead, MtBE and copper contamination. The paper relates that potential or existing management options are discussed.
From the Paper "The Sacramento River and the San Pablo Bay are currently home to numerous contaminants, including Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MtBE). These contaminants, which originate from various sources, affect the health of wildlife, as well as the health of people who enjoy the wildlife resources in the area. The San Pablo Bay, one of five interconnected bay sections making up the San Francisco Bay, receives downstream waters from the Sacramento River, connecting the study and health of both waterways. The levels of contaminants must be monitored to maintain water quality and the health of the environment in the Sacramento River Basin and the San Francisco Bay region. Management options are underway and guidelines for contaminants exist but they must constantly be reevaluated to best combat the threats such contaminants pose to the area."
Abstract This paper is based on the short story, "So Much Water, So Close to Home," from the book, "Where I'm Calling From," by Raymond Carver. The paper discusses Mrs. Kanes discovery of Stuarts lack of compassion. It gives examples from the book of times when Stuart acted without compassion, and how Mrs. Kane dealt with his actions.
From the paper:
"In 'So Much Water, So Close to Home' the main character, Mrs. Kane, uses the tragedy of the her husband's discovery to learn that Stuart lacks the ability to show human compassion by his downgrading the discovery to 'nothingness' and that unless he changes or she begins to act now, she will be drug down with him and end up not much better than the girl found floating in the water."
Tags: calling, carver, close, home, much, short, so, story, water
Abstract This paper presents an in-depth look at the water toxins and the way they affect the ecosystem as a whole. The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey through the ecosystem and the way it works. Then it discusses the way water toxins and pollution are destroying the system by killing the marine organisms. Finally, it concludes that in the future it will be imperative to find ways to thwart the water toxins affects.
From the Paper "Because we have lived on this planet for millions of years, we have come to rely on its ability to support and sustain human and animal life indefinitely. The world survives by way of an ecosystem and that system is the core of all living things. For many years now scientists have warned that our cavalier attitude toward preservation of the eco system will cause it to begin breaking down, however, their warnings often fell on deaf ears. Now it is time to pay the piper. Recently scientists have begun to take a close look at the cycles of life and the way they are intertwined in the ecosystem. There is strong evidence that toxins are destroying the ecosystem because the abundance and diversity of marine organisms is rapidly declining(Liat pp 142)."
Abstract This paper explores the problems endangering Florida's water supply, including pollution, urbanization, insufficient rainfall and over-population. While many of these problems are natural (e.g. drought), the author maintains that neglect and carelessness have exacerbated the situation, causing a near crisis. The author concludes that while Florida can sustain further building, urgent measures be taken to preserve and replenish the water supply.
From the Paper "One would think with all the water in and around Florida, that there would be no problem. But, that is a wrong assumption. Man, as usual, is conspiring to ruin or at least somehow damage the clean water Florida's growing numbers of citizens need each day. "Florida's unique geology allows it to draw nearly all of its drinking water from a deep underground maze of limestone and sands. But we use portions of the same underground as a vast garbage can. "Water doesn't really sit on top of Florida like it does in other states; it sinks into the soils," said Jonathan Martin, a geology professor at the University of Florida. So putting dangerous chemicals and waste underground "would be like building a dump in a reservoir. Most people wouldn't want to do that." Until the recent hurricanes and heavy rains in 2005, Florida faced a severe water shortage. One reason, of course, was the weather. Another, the increasing numbers of people moving to Florida and using more and more water."
Abstract This paper explains that, although Canada is one country that has been particularly blessed with an abundance of fresh water, this resource must be managed. The author points out the option of using privatization to protect water resources. The paper relates the theoretical benefits and problems of the privatization of water management.
From the Paper "Water is a vital resource for all life. For example, Stephen Brooks and Lydia Milijan in Water Policy say, Water is essential for human life. We require water to sustain our lives, and about 83 per cent of our blood is water. Water helps digest our food, take in oxygen, transport body wastes, and control body temperature (Brooks and Milijan 2003: 262). The fact that water is so vital to life means that any country with an abundance of it will be prosperous. Canada is one country that has been particularly blessed with an abundance of fresh water."
