Abstract
This paper explores the two separate colonization initiatives that were undertaken by both Spain and Mexico and assesses how these two countries were unsuccessful in their move to create a Hispanic California. This paper provides an analytical evaluation of these failed attempts in respect to the cultural environment of the time, from the mid- 1600s to 1850.

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the the California School System in terms of racial discrimination, which has been an issue since the State's inception. Although the paper cites policy changes that have been made regarding discrimination, the author asserts that there is still much more to be done. Suggestions are made on how to equalize opportunity, status and treatment within this large organization. The author describes racial diversity within California's school system as mirroring that of the state as a whole. The paper concludes by stating that the key to success may lie in addressing the issue at a real world, micro level as opposed to administering sweeping institutional change via policy making.

From the Paper
"Racial discrimination can take many forms. When one is considering the behavior of an organization such as a school system, it manifests as "institutional racism." This type of racial discrimination means that individuals within the same system receive different treatment because they are non-white."

Tags:racism, Hispanics, minorities, African-Americans, bilingual education

Abstract
An examination of California State SAT Scores for the year 2008 and what issues they reflect that teachers must be aware of in the classroom. In particular, an emphasis is placed on language proficiency between White students and Hispanic or Latino students and African American students, who are one-hundred or more points below White students in the areas of writing and critical reading.

From the Paper
"An examination of California State SAT Scores for the year ... and what issues they reflect that teachers must be aware of in the classroom. In particular, an emphasis is placed on language proficiency between White students and Hispanic or Latino students and African-American students who are one-hundred or more points below White students in the areas of writing and critical reading. A study of California's SAT scores highlight a number..."

Tags:Education, SAT Scores 2008, California, English language proficiency

Abstract
The paper defines the Hispanic population in California and analyzes their growth, racial identity and English proficiency. The paper looks at the ability of the Hispanic population to integrate into the United States through geographical stability, language diversification and economic strength. The paper highlights the need for educational improvement in order to maintain and support this large economic labor force in California. The paper concludes that this demographic will play a large socioeconomic and political role in the future of California.

Outline:
Introduction
Defining the Hispanic population
Are Hispanics a Minority in California?
Hispanics as a Staple Citizen
Racial Identity among Latinos
English Proficiency
Hispanic Education
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There is an intrinsic difficulty in defining the Hispanic due to the numerous stereotypes evolved from such trends as migrant seasonal workers and illegal immigrations. The most widely used and accepted terms are "Hispanic" or "Latino" (Ramos 14). The term Hispanic is normally applied to all those citizens who are Spanish-speaking and have a historical and cultural heritage or lineage linked to Spain. Latino refers to people originating or having a cultural heritage from Central and Latin America. This is important to note the difference between both classes, as it can become confusing and cumbersome in data analysis. Latino does not necessarily imply Spanish background and linkages, instead encompasses numerous languages derived from Latin e.g. Spanish, French, and Portuguese, which are commonly found to be spoken in some context in many Latin American nations (Ramos 15)."

Tags:Latinos, immigrants, minority, language, race, education, census, citizens

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of racism as personally experienced by the writer in the city where the writer grew up. The writer, a Caucasian, describes how several racially tinted incidents and situations, including one where she was discriminated against by a group of Hispanic women, opened her eyes to the extent of racism in her community. The writer discusses the role played by the leaders of the community in combating inequality, and suggests that programs that address the African-American community should be developed to ensure that the members are treated with as much respect as those of the other communities.

From the Paper
"The members of the community who look like me are not all of the same culture. Many people who initially appear to be white are actually of Middle Eastern or Eastern European descent. About 38 percent of the city's population is Hispanic and they look different than I do in that they are primarily darker skinned with dark hair and dark eyes.
"The leaders within the Riverside community are also mixed when it comes to race, culture and other aspects of life. The leaders of the community of Riverside for the most part treat Whites, Hispanics and African Americans about the same, though I will say that it has been my observation that African Americans do not get quite the same amount of respect as the Hispanics and the Whites received."

Tags:minority equalization media, interest group, favoritism racist

Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of Hispanic culture on Southern California public education and ways a classroom teacher can accommodate language. It argues that although official bilingual programs are a thing of the past, educators must focus on this growing minority group.

From the Paper
"According to the U S Bureau of the Census there are million persons of Hispanic or Spanish origin in the U S representing about ..."

Tags:Hispanic-Americans, California

bilingual education

Abstract
This paper describes research which involves defining the Hispanic population and discussing the key factors in its growth in the state of California. There is some historical data and all census information is cited and referenced. The paper also addresses the impact of the growing Hispanic population on demographics in California.

From the Paper
"The rise of the Hispanic population and culture has been a paramount concern in the past decade. While legislators struggle with finding ways to limit the population through immigration regulations, census data demonstrates a clear demographical representation of a Hispanic citizen base. This paper will define that Hispanic demographic, in addition to explaining the relevance of its impact in each subsection. The inference is clear from the research that a need for educational improvement is necessary to maintain and support the largest economic labor force in..."

Tags:demographic, population, hispanic

Abstract
The paper relates that the Hispanic population in the United States has been included in the census for some time as a minority, but it is a minority growing so rapidly that projections suggest that within a few years, the Hispanic population will be the majority in parts of the Southwest, notably in states like California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. The paper asserts that many depict this population as made up largely of illegal immigrants, but this is not the case, given that this population also constitutes a huge voting bloc. The paper discusses how Hispanic leaders recognized this fact some time ago and started to mobilize the population around issues of particular interest, notably issues of immigration across the border from Mexico.

From the Paper
"The Hispanic population in the United States has been included in the census for some time as a minority, but it is a minority growing so rapidly that projections suggest that within a few years, the Hispanic population will be the majority in parts of the Southwest, notably in states like California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. Many depict this population as made up largely of illegal immigrants, but this is not the case, given that this population also constitutes a huge voting bloc. Hispanic leaders recognized this fact some time ago and started to mobilize the population around issues of particular interest, notably issues of immigration across the border from Mexico. That is not the only..."

Tags:hispanic, voter, election

Abstract
This book review shows how Stephen J. Pitti's work attempts to address a historical gap in the academic and popular literature of the history of California. His work, "The Devil in Silicon Valley: Northern California, Race, and Mexican Americans," focuses on the economic contributions of Native-Americans, Mexicans and non-white labor in the economic prosperity of California. Although the reviewer states that Pitti's work is grounded in substantial historical documentation, one weakness of the book is perhaps the simplicity of its thesis--that racism justified the subjugation and use of Hispanic and Indian labor.

From the Paper
"These non-Anglos enjoyed little financial rewards for the gains they won for the state's Caucasian settlers. The discrepancy of the fortune of whites and non-whites traces back to the earliest missionaries. Then, "the friars undoubtedly resorted to more [and more] brutal tactics to ensure that non-Christians entered their Christian community" of the day (15). Indos, the native people, were viewed as inferior even after they were converts. As white settlements grew more populous in the 1840s, scientific and anthropological justifications of white supremacy took hold. The mixed race Californios were "indolent" and forced the Indian "savages" to work rather than work themselves, and thus were not worthy of the land on which they lived (26)."

Tags:California, Mexican-Americans, Stephen, J., Pitti, The, Devil, in, Silicon, Valley

Abstract
This paper analyzes the effectiveness of this law on the educational system as a whole and on individual students in particular. It looks at whether the expected benefits of bilingual education is realistic. The paper also examines the policies of various political parties towards this law in the context of their general political platforms. The writer examines whether the law passed in California is an ideal of the "melting-pot" phenomenon or not.

From the Paper
"During the month of June, 2000 we observed the second anniversary of passage of California's Bilingual education. This ballot initiative that restructured education for language minority students was approved by a majority of the voters in the primary election of June 2, 1998. The new law became part of the Education Code in August, just before the beginning of the 1998-99 academic year. Since the newspapers and television programming have been awash in reflections on historical events, It is appropriate for us to take some time to analyze the impact of the anti-bilingual education initiative. Recently, the proponents of bilingual education have also been active in putting out articles and editorials touting the "success" of bilingual education in increasing test scores and redesignation rates for students. An editorial in the Orange County Register (May 18, 2000) called Bilingual education "one of the best things to happen to the state's immigrant students." "

Tags:education, school, immigrant, hispanic, student, political, party, benefit, reform, democrats, green, libertarian