Abstract
This paper reviews the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative (HIPC) and discusses whether or not the program is really working or, like so many other initiatives, is letting the developing world down. The paper concludes that, while far from perfect, the HIPC has worked exceptionally well in some nations and has given those countries at least a partial lease on their own futures.

From the Paper
"Lastly, a few brief passages need to be devoted to a review of how HIPC, far from debilitating the nation of Senegal, may actually have saved it from further government sloth and irresponsibility. For example, the IMF announced in early 2005 that Senegal was finally employing macro-economic policies that offered better prospects for the future. To wit, the regional central bank's monetary polices were finally achieving price stability and "prudent" fiscal programs put in place by the government were belatedly resulting in greater efficiency (courtesy privatization) and in appreciable GDP growth. Before drawing this section of the paper to a close, it must also be pointed out that HIPC - and particularly the closely-watching eye of international organizations such as the IMF - seem to have encouraged a new age in political stability within Senegal, the sort of political stability that has sparked foreign investors to take a renewed interest in that land (Ford, 52-53). Much-maligned though it is, HIPC is certainly a means by which wayward states can be compelled to introduce much-needed reforms that better the lives of their citizens."

Tags:IMF, third world, foreign investors, GDP

Abstract
This paper review and analyzes the controversial program known as the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HPIC. The paper considers whether or not the program is really working or, like so many other failed IMF and World Bank initiatives, is letting the developing world down. The paper concludes that after reviewing the available literature, the HPIC has worked exceptionally well in some nations and has given those countries at least a partial lease on their own futures.

From the Paper
"The next several pages will review a topic of great controversy - the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HPIC) and whether or not the program is really working or, like so many other failed IMF and World Bank initiatives, is letting the developing world down. After reviewing the available literature, it is fairly clear that, while far from perfect, the HPIC has worked exceptionally well in some nations and has given those countries at least a partial lease on their own futures. Undeniably, more international enthusiasm for the HPIC (especially from key lending..."

Tags:debt, relief, policy

Abstract
This paper discusses the new initiative named The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, which was proposed by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in 1996 after it became obvious that not only were the world's poorest countries unable to pay back loans made in the 1970s, but that the debt was creating a situation of increasing and continuing poverty. The paper discusses how the loaning systems of the 1970s were partially to blame for now ever-increasing debt and how this initiative will help re-establish economic autonomy is some of these third-world countries.

From the Paper
"The roots of the debt problem can be traced back to the lending policies of the 1970s, when high oil prices hit the developing countries hard; in order to keep their governments and economies going, they turned to richer countries, foreign banks and international organizations for loans. International lenders, flush with cash from "petrodollars" from oil-producing states, assumed that sovereign debt was a good risk because there was a prevalent belief that governments do not default on their loans."

Tags:oil, bank, loan, poverty, autonomy, economy

Abstract
Reasons for international debt are discussed with examples brought from Mexico and Brazil, oil exporters and oil importers; debt rescheduling; debt relief and first-world aid; the International Monetary Fund and the affect the IMF has had on poor countries. The two major methods of international reserve creation: the mining of gold and the acquisition of reserves in the form of key currencies are discussed along with their problems. Recent structural adjustment and debt relief are also examined, as well as the inability of poorer countries to pay their scheduled debt service and the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and its problems. This leads to a discussion of macro-economic adjustment.

From the Paper
"The current climate of recession has highlighted the reasons for raising the calls for poor country debt relief. It is difficult to believe claims made by creditors that they cannot afford further debt relief. Canceling effectively unpayable debts owed by the poorest countries may turn out to be a sensible policy for all creditors. As well as the strong moral argument for debt relief, there could be sound financial grounds for doing so to stimulate the global economy and promote growth."

Tags:third-world, economy, nation, financial, crisis, Mexico, Brazil, loan, funds, depreciation, relief, International, Monetary, Fund, macro-economic, adjustment

Abstract
The paper describes how for the last two decades, there have been efforts to lighten the debt burden of heavily indebted poor countries, (HIPC). The most recently enhanced HIPC initiative is believed to provide faster and deeper debt relief to these countries while encouraging them to use the funds saved to fight poverty and raise living standards. The paper discusses how the best way to lift the poor population in low-income countries out of poverty is to strengthen their economic growth. The paper concludes that these poor countries would realize greater benefit from receiving foreign aid than they would from debt forgiveness.

From the Paper
"By resolving the poor countries' debt crisis through these various initiatives, governments in wealthy countries have implicitly acknowledged a significant transfer of resources they have provided in the past to some of the poorest countries (Powell 2000). Exports of creditor countries were supplied but not ultimately paid for, and while there are strong arguments for transfers of resources to low-income countries, it is doubtful that this was the most effective means of providing them, since resources were directed at neither the most efficient projects nor the poorest people (Powell 2000)."

Tags:Paris, Club, G8, resources, creditors

Abstract
The paper argues that the criterion for sociological, ethnic, and feminist correlations between poor health and economic variables in health care are subjectively and marginally defined in the arguments by Segall and Chappell (2000). The paper provides evidence that asserts a clear claim that poor countries in large clusters from Eastern Europe do not have issues related to socioeconomic status and poor health.

Tags:health, biology, history

Abstract
This article looks at the impact of current industrial technology on developing countries. In this essay, the writer includes a look at historical development and globalization. Emerging technologies and other related issues are also discussed. The writer looks at the connection between "developed" countries and a high level of industrialization and industrial technology.

From the Paper
"The degree of access to and use of industrial technology in the broad sense is by far the primary factor distinguishing the world's rich nations from its poor ones. The world's rich nations are with few exceptions highly industrialized while the world's poor ones are with equally few exceptions lacking in industrial technology. Industrialization is far more important to development than are natural resources. Many impoverished nations have an abundance of resources while wealthy and technically advanced Japan has very few natural resources ... "

Tags:technology, industry, industrialization, rich, poor, developing

Abstract
The paper relates that the Covering Kids Initiative is a national foundation that has as its mission to enroll eligible children in Medicaid or SCHIP programs. The paper discusses how CKI has been given a three-year grant to financial support in the foundation's mission of reaching children in the District of Columbia and 49 states and coalitions in these areas are established with the grant funds and outreach programs directed toward low-income children are started. The paper explains that the goal is to reach and enroll as many low-income children as possible. The paper mentions that currently, enrollment is the main focus, and this marketing campaign will go a step further by encouraging low-income parents to keep a health passport for their child. The paper explains that the health passport is a recording of the immunizations, physical exams, illnesses and treatments for the child.

From the Paper
"Covering Kids Initiative is a national foundation that has as its mission to enroll eligible children in Medicaid or SCHIP programs. CKI has been given a three-year grant to financial support the foundation's mission of reaching children in the District of Columbia and 49 states. Coalitions in these areas are established with the grant funds and outreach programs directed toward low-income children are started. The goal is to reach and enroll as many low-income children as possible. Currently, enrollment is the main focus. This marketing campaign will go a step further by..."

Tags:covering, kids, initiative

Abstract
This paper discusses McDonald's McCafe initiative. The paper examines how McDonald's strong market position as the largest food service and fast-food retailing chain in the world is bolstered by robust all-round growth. The paper further examines how growing health consciousness among consumers has added to the McDonald's problems in a saturated market.

From the Paper
"The fast food industry is a highly competitive market and is saturated with several franchises that cater to the on-the-go customer. With the spread of globalization, fast food restaurants are popping up in cities all over the world and in some of the most interesting locations. Some consumers argue that there are too many fast food restaurants taking over towns and putting `mom and pop' restaurants out of business. Now, super retailers are offering their shoppers access to a quick meal on the go, a chance to refuel before heading back into the aisles and aisles of products. "

Tags:mcdonalds, mccafe, initiative

Abstract
In this sociological study, the writer analyzes the issues of race and class status of the poor within the United States. The writer maintains that there are certainly class issues in regards to the poor in America, as many white Americans must suffer under the marginalization of various production methods (farming) in rural areas, as opposed to the majority of wealth being generated in urban areas for whites. However, the writer discusses that the ratio of poor minorities in the American economy is by far much worse, since the percentage of minorities in poverty is greater than the percentage of poor whites. The writer examines how race and class are important factors in defining who is poor and who is not within the United States.

From the Paper
"This sociological study will analyze the issues of race and class status of the poor within the United States. By understanding the marginalization of race within the United States, there is a construct that denies a livable wage for those of "minority" status. However, there is a wider range of poor classes within the United States that are not poor because of racial constructs, but are isolated and/or racially separated from high wage production centers. In essence, this sociological study ..."

Tags:poor, class, status