Abstract This paper presents an overview of the journal article "HearingLips and Seeing Voices" by Harry McGurk and John MacDonald which was published in 1976. This was a groundbreaking study in the subject of verbal communication, that examined the ways in which verbal communication relies on not only auditory input, but visual input as well. The paper shows that this went against the common belief that verbal communication uses sound alone.
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From the Paper "One of the most interesting things revealed about verbal communication during this study is related to the different error rates among the different age groups. During the audio-only portion, preschool children had the highest error percentage, reporting the incorrect syllable nine percent of the time, while older children and adults were correct almost all of the time. However, when presented with conflicting auditory and visual input, the preschool children and school-age children had a much lower error rate than the adults."
Abstract A paper concerning a 9-year-old boy with a hearing problem. The paper explores the signals that indicate this child has a hearing problem and the importance of recognizing students with hearing difficulties.
Abstract This paper discusses how hearing loss can affect someone in terms of communication and psychosocial functioning. It includes citations from literature discussing the effects of hearing loss as well as a summary of findings after interviewing a person with medically diagnosed hearing loss.
From the Paper "Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities in the United States with recent statistics indicating that approximately ..."
Tags:hearing loss, interview, psychosocial, communication
Abstract A book review which explains the psychological, social and spiritual facets of hearing loss. It also offers a testimony of how each of the individuals referred to emerged triumphant, via the vehicles of therapeutic dialogue and self-help measures, thus vanquishing the interplay of social forces that perpetrate the invisibility and augment the physical and mental torment of the deaf.
Abstract This paper explains the differences between disease and injury as the cause of hearing loss. The author points out the OSHA guidelines on hearing conservation, the problem of occupational noise in the railroad industry and the Federal Railroad Administration occupational noise standard. The paper relates in detail the FRA historic treatment of occupational noise including the first study of noise in locomotive cabs, the FRA report to Congress and the studies that followed in response to this report.
From the Paper "Hearing is perhaps one, of the five senses, that is often take for granted. The alarm going off in the morning, the children playing outside, even the rain pattering on the window are all sounds that become so commonplace that it's easy to ignore how wonderful hearing truly is. However, when hearing loss occurs it then becomes painfully clear just how important this sense is and how it is so important to one's quality of life. This report will discuss the topic of hearing loss in the workplace, specifically that of the locomotive engineer. It will begin with a discussion of the differences between disease and injury. Next will be an overview of OSHA's guidelines on hearing conservation as well as a discussion of occupational noise in the railroad industry and the Federal Railroad Administration's occupational noise standard."
A review of several articles covering issues relating to interaction with hearing impaired individuals and the challenges that they face on a daily basis.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 7 sources, 2005, $ 115.95
Abstract Because there is no single demographic for people with hearing loss, there is no single correct manner to interact with them or to assist them at work, school, recreation, or other activities of daily living. This paper reviews several articles on various aspects of interacting with the hearing impaired, as well as articles that examine issues that such individuals face in society today. In addition, this paper examines the historical focus on these issues, along with their relevance to vocational rehabilitation both at the present and in the future.
From the Paper "Who are the deaf and hearing impaired? Can we recognize them at a glance? Are they limited to any one age group, sex, race, or color? The answer to these questions would be "no." People with impaired hearing take part in the same activities as we all do, range from very old, to very young, and are represented in every racial and ethnic group. Hearing loss can be congenital, or it can be acquired by accident, disease, or age. Because there is no single demographic for people with hearing loss, there is no single correct manner to interact with them or to assist them at work, school, recreation, or other activities of daily living."
Abstract This paper summarizes an article based on male voices and the perception of sexual orientation, specifically male homosexuality and the voice characteristics that people attribute to them. The paper discusses a group of people who listen to a number of recorded voices that range from "gay-sounding" to "straight-sounding" and then cross analyze the results by studying the pitch of each voice recorded how it influenced the listeners' response.
From the Paper "Male Voices and Perceived Sexual Orientation Male Voices and Perceived Sexual Orientation Introduction The background of the research is based on a study that was conducted by three Canadian University Professors who studied the perceptions of male voices in terms of which sound gay and which sound straight. The authors described how they discussed this research topic openly with their students. Their students agreed, "gay men speech mirrors the patterns of stereotypical high-pitched women's voices" (Smyth, Jacobs, & Rogers, 2003, p. 331). The authors developed a gay-sounding and straight-sounding scale based on listener ratings to record and measure the perception of sexual orientation based on a person's voice (Smyth, Jacobs, & Rogers, 2003, p. 329)."
Abstract In this essay, the voice of the narrator in Wilfred Owen's World War I poem "Futility" is explicated. Three of the aspects of the poet/narrator's voice that are examined are his gentleness, his tiredness, and his anger. Each of these qualities is used to show the fuller picture of the poem and of what Owen is trying to say and describe about death, war, and the world in which he lived.
From the Paper "In the chapter of 'Introduction to Literature, Criticism, and Theory' on the topic of voice, Andrew Bennett and Nicholas Royle make the claim that literature is "the space in which, more than anywhere else, the power, beauty and strangeness of the voice is both evoked and bodied forth". The point that is being made is that in literature, the voice being used to give the information, to tell the tale, to speak to the reader is much more important than the voice used on a cereal box or in a car owner's manual. The person or persons who are the voice are just as much a part of the reading experience as the letters on the page are. As Bennett and Royle add, "reading literary texts involves hearing extraordinary voices"."
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses and reviews the book "Personal Voices" by Emily Honig and Gail Hershatter. The paper examines both personal and social changes experienced by women in China over the past 100 years.
From the Paper "Just as the government of mainland China has undergone extensive change in the last years, so have the women of China as they struggled to adapt to a changing political landscape. This paper will review the book, "Personal Voices" by Emily Honig and Gail Hershatter and discuss some of the societal changes as well as personal changes that many women have gone through from pre-Liberation China to the People's Republic of China, the time period covered in the book. Specifically, this discussion will focus on the different roles..."
Abstract This paper takes a look at whether phenomenology can be an appropriate means of dealing with auditory hallucinations. The paper explains that the phenomenological approach to auditory hallucinations would be to suggest that people who hallucinate actually do have experiences of hallucinations and that hearing a voice when no one else is around is an actual experience just like any other. The paper further explains that from the phenomenological point of view auditory hallucinations should be considered normal for some people some of the time. The paper discusses phenomenology and its use in dealing with auditory hallucinations from the perspective of several well-known psychologists, from a religious viewpoint, a medical viewpoint and a shamanic viewpoint.
Table of Contents
Jung and Auditory Hallucinations
Shamanic Traditions and Psychotherapy
Religious Viewpoint of HearingVoices, Vis-a-Vis Therapeutic Issues
Medical Considerations of 'HearingVoices'
Social Work and Auditory Hallucinations
Other Opinions
CBT
From the Paper "Freud, of course, would have been "highly skeptical" of any such approach both because of the nature of subjectivity (which is clearly what the therapist would be dealing with, from any angle) and because of what he considered the latent content of experience that could not be drawn forth by reflection alone: The vast majority of psychic life is considered by psychoanalysis to lie outside of the person's awareness, at various levels of the unconscious. And even for Freud, the only access to this unconscious was through the (further) indirect means of interpretation" (Davidson, 2004, p. 149+). Clearly, then, to Freud and his followers, a phenomenological approach to auditory hallucination would be anathema."
Abstract In this article, the writer studies the sonnet "What Lips My Lips have Kissed" by Edna St. Vincent Millay. The writer describes that in this sonnet, the poet is lying alone on a rainy night and looking back on her life. The writer explains that she is remembering the nights when she was not alone and the men that she has had in her life. The writer demonstrates that in doing so, the poet recognizes her own loneliness. Further, the writer points out that the end result is a poem of regret that indicates that the woman's choices have forced her into a lonely life from which she now cannot escape. The writer concludes that the message of the poem is that physical relationships fade and ultimately leave one feeling empty.
From the Paper "In the first line, the poet introduces the subject of the poem. She describes herself thinking back on the lips that she has kissed. There is an immediate sense that the poet is alone and lonely. She is thinking back on connections she has had with other people, but it also seems like she has forgotten these people. This is seen by the way she does not describe the people that she has kissed, but the lips that she has kissed. The fact that she describes her lips kissing others and not herself kissing others also suggests that she is not emotionally connected to these people. This is also seen by the way she notes that she has forgotten where she kissed the lips or why. She then moves and mentions the arms that have lain under her head until morning. Again, she is describing body parts rather than people. This emphasizes that she has forgotten the people and the relationships that occurred."
This paper explores the various options for surgical and medical management of cleft lips and palates and the ways in which these interventions can help children with these particular birth defects.
Abstract The paper begins with an overview of the condition and causes of cleft lip and palate. It then examines treatment options available and presents other alternatives. The writer then discusses the specific language acquisition problems related to clefts and concludes by accessing the effectiveness of various treatments and surgery.
From the Paper "Cleft lips and cleft palates are among the most common of birth defects and if left untreated can lead to serious speech problems as well as psychological damage that can result both from those speech and communication problems as well as from the ostracism that a child with a facial deformity may face. However, while the consequences of cleft lips and palates can be severe and long-lasting, these can be averted by medical intervention, especially if it is done as early as possible. This paper explores the various options for surgical and medical management of cleft lips and palates and the ways in which these interventions can help children with these particular birth defects."
This paper provides a critique of the research paper "Does Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Hearing Impairment Improve by Hearing Aid Use?" by van Hooren et al.
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the main hypothesis of the study, "Does Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Hearing Impairment Improve by Hearing Aid Use?", can be stated as follows: while hearing aids show significant results in terms of auditory improvement, there is no proof to suggest a related improvement or increase in cognitive ability as a result of the application of a hearing aid. The writer explains that the study refers to cognitive functions such as memory, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. The writer also explains that it should be noted at the outset that this hypothesis presupposes a connection, albeit based on prior research sources, between hearing or hearing enhancements and cognitive functioning. Thus, this is an aspect that forms part of the critique in this analysis of the paper. The writer points out that it is also suggested that the methodology used to ascertain cognitive correlation is to some extent not adequate in terms of the complexity of determining quantitatively a definite link between hearing aids and improved cognition.
From the Paper "The methodology used in this study was comparatively simple and conventionally straight-forward. In essence a relatively small number or participants were used in this study - which is also a point of contention with regard to the results and conclusion of this research. In total there were fifty-six participants (mean age 0/72.5) who were fitted with hearing aids were compared with 46 control participants (mean age 0/74.5) with an equivalent impairment, but who were not fitted with a hearing aid. The study took cognizance of a number of variables and factors that could influence the results of the experiment. These included neurocognitive tests after 12 months. However, it is also possible that these tests in terms of personality and individual psychological components were not sufficient. This aspect is possibly one of the reasons why the study did not return the expected correlation between hearing aids and cognitive improvement."
Tags: memory, attention, cognition, sensory, organ
Abstract Discusses various hearing aid devices. Earliest forms of hearing aids and their development. Direction of future hearing aid design. First techniques and devices to combat hearing loss. Ear trumpets, the acoustic throne. How acoustic hearing aids work. Electronic and carbon hearing aids. Vacuum hearing aids. Transistors. Implant controversy.
From the Paper "Vision and hearing may be the most critical of the five human senses in terms of everyday existence. Certainly being completely deprived of either of these two senses makes it difficult to even move about one's environment safely, and communication is made much more difficult if one lacks vision or hearing. Both senses tend to deteriorate with age, and both can be disrupted by accident, illness or from environmental factors. In the case of aging and even environmental factors (such as ongoing exposure to loud noises), the senses deteriorate over time, but with other factors, such as illness or accident, the sensory loss can be immediate. Humankind has developed various devices for assisting those who lose visual or auditory acuity, and individuals begin compensating for the loss of these senses without artificial devices..."
