Abstract
This paper discusses physical and mental health issues for middle-aged lesbians, specifically women between the ages of 35-55. It discusses health risks for lesbians in general, and then for middle aged lesbians. It also examines the impact of homophobia on provision of health care services.

From the Paper
"According to the Institute of Medicine IOM identifying the physical and mental health issues of lesbians in general and middle aged lesbians in particular is important because while lesbians clearly share many of the ..."

Tags:lesbians, health, issues

Abstract
The paper discusses how today's world faces a number of environmental health issues owing to global warming and greenhouse emissions, not to mention long-term health problems stemming from unhealthy products we use in everyday life. The paper also mentions that pollution has been a global environmental concern for decades, though such problems still persist in a number of major cities. The paper explores what measures are in place to curb these environmental problems.

Tags:environmental, health, companies

Abstract
This study examines who is more likely to stigmatize the mentally ill according to their experiences. Specifically, the study examines the level of knowledge each participant has about mental health issues and their viewpoints on the mentally ill, and whether it is related to gender.

From the Paper
"Stigma, has "traditionally been defined as a sign or mark that designates the bearer defective, and therefore as meriting less valued treatment than normal people" (Heatherton 2000:88). This view of an individual is apparent in all societies. The actual experience of stigma is common. Virtually everyone has experienced some form of stigmatization. Whether it is our personality, our dress, or our economic status. However it has been the mentally ill and former mentally ill individuals who "have traditionally been degraded and rejected; they have experienced prejudice similar to that experienced by racial and ethnic minorities" (Heatherton 2000:103). It is a fault in society to assume that everyone stigmatizes in the same way. It is the way we socialize our children that anyone different is less of a person. The mass media constantly characterizes the mentally ill as "sick", "dangerous", "worthless", "unpredictable" (Heatherton 2000:103). Literature found on mental illness usually states that stigma for the mentally ill is common to all society, but a closer look shows that it fails to differentiate between its origins. Specifically that everyone looks at the mentally ill the same way: that they are negative and violent."

Tags:experience, health, mental, stigmatization

Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews Nancy Dickenson Hazard 2004 article, "Global Health Issues and Challenges" which presents an overview of a number of Arista conferences held in various world regions. Participants identified global issues and conditions which affect nursing. They also focused on strategic actions for the nursing profession and on recommendations for actions aimed at creating healthy communities. The paper explains that Hazard's article was presented as an executive summary and synthesis of the reports made from the various Arista conferences.

Tags:nursing, issues, future

Abstract
This paper examines how the media helps to publicize problems in the medical field and how it can help solve problems related to this field. The paper focuses on a series of reports regarding the high death rate resulting from medical errors by health services providers.

From the Paper
"In December of 1999, the Institute of Medicine released a report stating that as many as 98,000 people die each year because of medical errors. Lonnie Bristow, MD, a past president of the American Medical Association, served on the committee that wrote the report. The document, "To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System", says that medical error is the eighth leading cause of death in the United States, taking more lives than motor vehicle accidents and breast cancer combined."

Tags:health, service, provider

Abstract
The paper presents a research study on a health topic related to the health status of youth and describe why the topic is an important concern. The paper includes research-based practices related to the chosen issue, which for the purpose of this research report are issues relating to the "dietary patterns that causes disease of youth" and the "inadequate physical activity of youth." The paper relates that these two factors combined result in youth obesity.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Youth Obesity& Health-Related Factors
Collaborative initiatives in the State of California
Community and Neighborhood Programs
Collaborative Partnership with Homes, Communities and Schools
Best Practices Identified

From the Paper
"The "Healthy People 2010: Proposed Objective 8.5" states as follows:" CDC has identified six categories of behaviors that are responsible for more than 70 percent of the mortality and morbidity among young people and thus should be the primary focus of health education and health promotion activities conducted in post-secondary institutions: (1) Behaviors that cause unintentional and intentional injuries; (2) Tobacco use; (3) Alcohol and other drug use; (4) Sexual behaviors that cause unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases; (5) Dietary patterns that cause disease; and (6) Inadequate physical activity (Health People 2010: Proposed Objective 8.5, 1998) These behaviors are usually established during youth, persist into adulthood, are interrelated, and contribute simultaneously to poor health, education, and social outcomes." (1998) The "Healthy People 2010: National Health Objectives for the United States" establishes that national health objectives is actually a very important strategy to improve and protect public health. The express purposes of the establishment of these health objectives includes those as follows: (1) To provide a baseline assessment of the population's health ; (2) To establish a tracking system for monitoring change in the population's health; (3) To facilitate evaluation of the impact of health improvement activities; (5) To increase the breadth and intensity of health improvement activities (through ambitious goal setting); (5) To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health improvement activities by defining priority strategies to reach the goals that have been set; (6) To foster a unity of purpose, organizational participation and partnerships, and a spirit of cooperation (by defining goals and strategies through a consensus process); (7) To help build awareness of, and support for, health programs among policymakers and the public; and (8) To guide decisions on allocation of funding." (Healthy People 2010": national health objectives for the United States, 1998)"

Tags:districts, healthier, urgency

Abstract
This paper explains how to design empirical research and evaluates the research of others. The paper discusses the philosophy of social sciences and several other theoretical approaches in public health. The main details of public health research design are explored, giving the strengths and weakness of various designs.

From the Paper
"Indeed, one may design empirical research in a bioethical milieu, for example, which delves into the diagnosis of a life-threatening illness, the empirical results of which "informs deliberations about the extent to which it is morally important..." for researchers to share "comprehensive information" to patients in various cultural contexts. Moreover, that specific empirical research, Sugarman continues, "can help to describe cultural beliefs about the appropriateness of providing health-related information (such as that data in the above-mentioned "life-threatening" malady). Further, empirical research can be designed - and later evaluated - with an eye towards a theoretical approach to defining contemporary attitudes which are tied to hot-button health issues such as abortion, cloning, doctor-assisted suicide and stem-cell research."

Tags:bioethics, society, abortion

Abstract
The paper divides the stories into specific health categories depending upon the topic and looks at the general approach to the issue. Applying class lecture notes as well as "common sense," the paper explores the dominant explanatory paradigm which appears to animate these articles and examines what "resolutions" to health care problems the articles seem to provide. Finally, the paper briefly provides the subjective reaction of the writer to the articles reviewed.

From the Paper
"The following paper will briefly look at health and disease-related issues as they are presented in 8 articles contained within the Toronto Star. The paper will divide the stories into specific health categories depending upon the topic and will look at the general approach to the issue. Applying class lecture notes as well as "common sense," the paper will explore the dominant explanatory paradigm which appears to animate these articles and what "resolutions" to health care problems the articles seem to provide. Finally, the paper will also briefly provide the subjective reaction of the writer to the articles reviewed."

Tags:health, care, articles

Abstract
This paper asserts that mental health services for refugee and other immigrant women in Toronto, at the present time, are in need of improvement. A strong thread of my research has been trying to understand what might improve psychiatric care to better serve refugee women and also, distinct groups of refugee women within an extremely varied population.

Abstract
This paper discusses the health problems commonly encountered by the Amish population and suggests reasons why these problems prevail in their community, including lack of knowledge of treatment options, or the use of 'natural' remedies when more conventional therapies are required.

From the Paper
"Problems that are commonly encountered among the Amish are obesity, birth defects as a result of hereditary diseases, and communicable diseases (Bavley 1996). In an article written by Alan Bavley, medical writer for the Kansas City Star newspaper, the Amish are characterized as a community susceptible to the said diseases because of their culture as a society. Bavley stated in his article that the Amish tend to be obese because of their "healthy diet," that is, the Amish are people who eat heartily, because, as they reason out, part of being healthy is "to look healthy, eat heartily, and perform strenuous work." In addition, the Amish are also susceptible to communicable diseases like polio and tetanus. In fact, there has been a major outbreak of polio in 1979 in Pennsylvania, Iowa, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Canada (Robinson 2002). This outbreak happened because most of the Amish were unvaccinated from the said disease during that time. The polio outbreak became possible because of the closeness of the Amish as a community, and their being a collectivist society is the main reason why communicable diseases become prevalent in their society. Another health problem are hereditary diseases and birth defects caused by inbreeding (intermarriage) among the Amish. The Amish are only small in population, and their community requires its members to marry only to people who are within their community. As a result, due to their small population, and limited choice for partners (since they are a "closed" community), the Amish acquire hereditary diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, heart defects, and congenital diseases as a result of their intermarriage (Bavley 1996)."

Tags:defects, hereditary, disease, communicable, obesity, polio, tetanus, inbreeding, diabestes, congenital, Ordnung