Abstract
This paper presents a case study of John Q., a twenty-five year old male who suffered head injuries as the result of a roadside bomb in Iraq. The paper discusses the subject's medical problems and the procedures that he underwent. It then discusses a plan of rehabilitation and training and a plan for education to teach John Q. the art of sign language. It also looks at how John Q.'s progress will be monitored and evaluated over the upcoming months.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Rehabilitation
Learning to Live with Deafness
Family and Social
Researcher Thoughts

From the Paper
"There are other therapeutic considerations that should be made to assist John Q in accomplishing his independence: a specially trained dog can, for instance, relieve the family of the burden of worry and concern about leaving John Q alone in his state of diminished functioning as a result of his loss of hearing and, hopefully temporary, ability to speak. A trained dog can serve as the alert mechanism to John Q. (Walls, Hendricks, Dowler, Hirsch, Orslene and Fullmer, 2002). The animal will serve as a vital link between John Q and the world around him, helping to be independent and to have quality time to himself and allow him to travel on his own."

Tags:progress, surgery, family, independence

Abstract
This paper examines the incidence and outcome of head injury among children in the United States. The paper first discusses the mortality rate from head injury and the types of injury that can occur. The paper then looks at improvements in the area of neuro-trauma management and the methods which have evolved in managing head injury. The effects of hyperventilation on the outcome of head injuries is especially focused upon in the paper.

From the Paper
"When applying the hyperventilation therapy and determining its appropriate depth, two circumstances must be considered (Stocchetti et al 2005). At higher altitudes, normal PaCO2 levels may fall generally below the accepted 35-45 mm Hg levels. These levels were fixed at sea level and the influence of altitude should be corrected. The influence of temperature is the second consideration, especially when hypothermia therapy is used. The risk, therefore, which comes with the benefit, suggested that hyperventilation should be used only on patients with raised ICP. And it should be applied only on a highly specific manner and under specific monitoring. The data provided by the study also revealed inconclusiveness in specific indications, timing, the depth of hypocapnia and duration. Conflicting data obtained supported a wide range of therapeutic options from an enthusiastic application of the hyperventilation therapy to its avoidance. The researchers suggested the careful use of hypocapnia in the short-term control of increased ICP. They also prompted the use of multimodality monitoring to specific patients who could profit from it without the risks (Stocchetti et al)."

Tags:therapy, morbidity, mortality, neo-trauma

Abstract
Focusing on the common yet dangerous injury regularly recieved in sporting matches - concussions. This paper describes the causes, treatment, symptoms, and the medical side of sports. It also looks at the sports causing the injuries, and how the sport causes them.

From the Paper
"Head injuries are serious business. Anytime you are dealing with the brain, you want to take everything about the injury seriously and prepare for the worst. A concussion is defined as an injury to the brain, often resulting from a blow to the head, which can cause temporary disorientation, memory loss, or unconsciousness. These are also known as "closed head injuries". "

Tags:boxing, bruise, football, head, injury, medicine, skull, soccer, sports

Abstract
The paper lists eight questions that evaluate a case of head injury to a child, which could help the emergency response team assess whether the patient is alert and cognizant of his or her surroundings and whether risk exists for severe injury. The paper explains the risk factors in this patient's condition and notes the possibility of latent injury.

From the Paper
"This case study involves an 8-year old with obvious trauma to the face and head. There is no apparent fractures of the extremities, and while the patient is awake, he is only semi alert. The following eight questions will be crucial in evaluating this case. The questions are simple, given the patients age and the likelihood the boy may suffer from some form of shock following the injury. Each question focuses on assessing the extent to which neurological impairment exists, with some questions assessing the potential for cervical spinal damage, and others assessing whether the boy suffers from a concussion or related injury. Immobilization of the cervical spine will help prevent additional injury to the patient during questioning (NICE, 2003). "

Tags:brain, neurological, impairment, spine, damage, concussion, coma, swelling, bleeding

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed description of the ways that acute head trauma affects the brain. Using the author's personal experience with a head trauma several factors of the injury are related and explained in conjunction with the brain itself. Issues such as causes of head injuries and side effects are discussed.

From the Paper
"The treatment and care of a person with a head injury will vary depending on the severity of the injury and the complications that are encountered with it. As in the case of the author, the stitches were the most immediate need, however there were several side affects such as extreme fatigue, dizziness, and headaches. The first course of action is to assess vital signs and be sure that the person is stabilized. Watching for signs of coma, internal bleeding and other problems is also part of the initial assessment."

Tags:Concussion, MRIs, CAT, scan, National, Institute, of, Health, Traumatic, Coma, Data, Bank

From the Paper
"The subject of this research is neurological trauma, focusing on the medical management of head injuries. Key medications and recent advances in the field will be highlighted.


Traumatic brain injury is a common cause of neurologic dysfunction (1:50). Some frequent conditions caused by this trauma are seizures, ventricular enlargement, subdural hematoma or hygroma, behavioral problems, depression, compressive neuropathies, and spasticity. Some less frequent conditions are endocrinologic disturbances, arachnoid or leptomeningeal cyst, movement disorders, arteriovenous malformation, aneurysm, and cerebrospinal fluid leak.


The risk of early epilepsy may be reduced by the administration of prophylactic anticonvulsants. In late epilepsy, the value of prophylactic treatment remains..."

Abstract
This paper explains a variety of evaluation techniques, explanations and prescribed resting times for athletic head injuries. The author points out that injuries to the head and neck are particularly harmful because they are largely incapable of regeneration; therefore, trainers must be able to see the signs and symptoms and to know the necessary response. The paper states that athletic trainers cannot stop an injury from happening but can prepare by having an organizational structure for when an injury occurs. Includes tables and an "Evaluation Scheme for Head Injuries." Endnotes.

From the Paper
"In order to understand how to take care of a concussion we must understand and agree as to what exactly is a concussion. A working definition has been proposed by the Committee of Head Injury Nomenclature of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. A concussion, as defined by the committee, is "a clinical syndrome characterized by immediate and transient post-traumatic impairment of neural functions, such as alterations of consciousness, disturbance of vision, equilibrium, etc., due to brain stem involvement." This can simply be interpreted as any traumatically induced alteration in mental status. Recent studies have suggested that the effects of a concussion can be cumulative. Evidence also has came about that a athlete suffering an initial cerebral concussion is four times more likely to suffer another concussion than a person who has never had one."

Tags:rest, symptons, evaluation, signs, organization

Abstract
This paper defined traumatic brain injury and explains that it can occur in two ways - closed head injury and penetrating head injury. The paper then looks at the kind of damage these injuries could cause and how they could affect a person's daily functioning. It then shows how, often, serious criminals suffered a serious head wound in their earlier life which causes the brain to have minimalized moral judgment.

From the Paper
"What do Ple, Steve Young, Bobby Joe Long and Timothy McVeigh have in common? At one point or another, all have suffered traumatic brain injuries. Ple's injuries were from a soccer ball and Steve Young's injuries were from repeatedly being sacked; both were expected as professional athletes; however, Bobby Joe suffered from many serious head injuries starting from childhood but culminating with a life-threatening motorcycle accident that left him in a coma for many days. Timothy McVeigh also "sustained three mild head injuries during his youth." "

Tags:behavior, cortex, criminal, head, problems, tbi, trauma

Abstract
Examines the medical condition of dementia due to head traumas. Discusses the etiology; neuropsychological problems. Symptoms of multiple cognitive defects, behavioral problems, mood and personality changes. Epidemiology. Treatment for traumatic brain injury and dementia. Cognitive and behavioral rehabilitation approaches such as computer-assistance training, cognitive exercises, psychotherapy, behavior modification.

From the Paper
"DEMENTIA DUE TO HEAD TRAUMA

Introduction
This research paper will explore the topic of dementia due to head trauma. Included in the discussion will be the issues of etiology, symptomatology, epidemiology, and treatment.

Etiology
TBI results in brain swelling, bleeding, infections, and/or the onset of ventricular dilation. Swelling results in more brain damage since it causes progressive blockage of circulation which leads to a local drop in brain perfusion and localized stroke. Bleeding results in tissue destruction, pressure, and spasm of blood vessels in the brain, which leads to stroke. Infections in the form of abscess or meningitis cause severe damage to brain tissue from the infection and secondary dilation of the fluid spaces ..."

Abstract
The paper discusses how Martin (n.d.) states that under the Americans with Disabilities Act every individual has the right to participate in recreational programs, regardless of disability (para. 1), yet, Martin (n.d.) indicates that this is still not often the case, as many parents and caretakers of the disabled can attest to (para. 1). The paper discusses how the Bay Area Outreach and Recreation Program was created to address the needs of disabled people within the San Francisco bay area by providing physical activities that improve self-esteem, build confidence and allow those with disabilities to develop strong physical skills ("Our", 2008, sec. 1). The paper explains that the reason behind the creation of this entity was due to the fact that over 73% of the disabled in society are unemployed, numerous teens with disabilities commit suicide every year and many individuals who develop disabilities "drop out of school" because of their inability to function effectively as a disabled person ("Our", 2008, sec. 4). The paper shows how the development of programs such as this addresses a need in society for the disabled that is not being addressed by those within the health care community on a large scale. Yet, the paper argues that it must be understood by health care workers, especially those in professions such as occupational and rehabilitative therapy, that integrated recreational programs for many with disabilities are not only focused on the physical aspect of recreation, but on building strength through confidence, self-esteem and social engagement. Therefore, an examination of the issues and programs that have been created in relation to individuals with head injuries, spinal cord injuries and patients that are confined to wheelchairs is accomplished. The results of these programs are analyzed and implications for the future of integrated recreational programs for the disabled are discussed.

Tags:occupational, therapy, disabled