Abstract
This paper looks at the subject, message, and broad appeal of the poetry of Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, the popularity she enjoyed as a poet in her day, her philosophy of human rights, and her involvement in activities that could help further the rights of black people. The paper includes some of Harper's poems in order to demonstrate her technique, style, and use of imagery.

From the Paper
"Benjamin Brawley writes of her that she was clearly a minor poet who gained a reputation in part because of other activities. For instance, for six years prior to the Civil War Harper was an anti-slavery agent in the East, and for more than thirty years after the war she was a lecturer in the South on temperance and home-building, with her major interest being in moral and social reform. She was born of free parents in Baltimore, and when they died, she had to make her own living beginning at age 13. Later, she was a teacher for three years in Ohio, but when Maryland passed an act forbidding free Negroes from the North to come to the state or they would be imprisoned and sold into slavery, she dedicated herself to fighting this wrong and other limits on freedom (Brawley 100-101)."

Tags:didactic, religion, social, welfare, black, experience, slavery, civil, war, express, writing

Abstract
This paper looks at how Anna Julia Cooper and Frances Ellen Watkins Harper both displayed the highest qualities of moral courage and selfless activism during their lives. That they accomplished even moderate success is a tribute to the worthiness of the causes they defended and the dignified manner in which they conducted themselves. In a time when being Black and female was considered by most other Black women as something to be endured, not challenged, Harper and Cooper not only endured and challenged prejudice and inequality, they pioneered a moral crusade that continues even today and serves as a shining example to victims of bias and prejudice everywhere.

Abstract
This paper analyzes the thematic elements of Frances Harper's novel "Iola Leroy" in terms of issues of slavery, race, and responsibility. The paper explores the meaning of race as a locus of identity and explains the concept of "passing."

From the Paper
"Literary critic James Christensen suggests that among the central themes to be found in Frances Harper's novel "Iola Leroy" or "Shadows Uplifted" are questions regarding the meaning of race as a locus of identity, slavery and its effects and the construction of personal responsibility. The title character in Harper's novel "Iola Leroy" breaks into peals of hysterical laughter upon learning when her white Southern father dies that her mother was African-American and her mother, Marie, a nervous mulatta as described..."

Tags:Iola Leroy, Frances Harper, race, slavery, thematic, identity

Abstract
The paper compares Frances E. W. Harper's poem, "Ethiopia" with Paul Lawrence Dunbar's poem "Ode to Ethiopia" and shows how Harper is yearning for something that is not yet there while Dunbar is seeking to ameliorate what already is. The paper discusses the poems' loaded diction and the allusions to the biblical prophecy that African-Americans will rise. The paper illustrate how Harper and Dunbar's poems glorify and empower African-Americans while looking forward to a new era in which black people will stand tall in the face of adversity.

From the Paper
"The term Ethiopianism referes to a literary tradition in which "early black writers and even some of their white allies [embraced] this inspirational Biblical passage: 'Princes shall come out of [Africa}; Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands unto God' " (Psalms 68:31; Moses 412). Since the 19th century, many writers have interpreted this "verse as a prophecy that African Americans will rise within society" (Moses 412). Therefore, it is not surprisng that Frances E. W. Harper's "Ethiopia" and Paul Lawrence Dunbar's "Ode to Ethiopia" reflect this biblical prophecy. As Dunbar and Harper wrote, "Yes! Ethiopia shall stretch her bleeding hands abroad," "Go on and up!/ Our souls and eyes/ shall follow thy continous rise." These poems were both written at times when many blacks felt disillusioned by social unrest, poverty, and racism."

Tags:prophecy, African-Americans, emancipation, empowerment

Abstract
This paper will discuss the book "Iola Leroy" by Frances E.W. Harper and bring to life the gender ramifications that are brought up throughout the book and an analysis that will reflect her life as a woman in the tale. This study will depict how she deals with these situations and how the author uses gender personification within the text.

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the novel, "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. Specifically the paper discusses racism in the novel and relates that, in the story, racism rears its ugly head in the form of hatred, prejudice, and misunderstanding. The paper states that Lee has crafted a magnificent book that shows just how large a gap existed between whites and blacks in the South during the 1930s, and how some people tried to bridge that gap.

From the Paper
"Everyone knows racism existed (and still exists) in much of the South. Blacks were pitted against whites, and the whites usually came out on top, just as they ultimately do in this memorable novel. What is not so well known is that some whites, like the fictional Atticus Finch in the novel, did stand up against bigotry and racism. They did not always succeed, but they did bring attention to the problem, and they did stand up for what they believed in. Atticus does this by representing Tom in court, and attempting to get him the fairest trial he possibly can. He does not succeed, but his strength and courage do make him stand out. He tells Scout, "As you grow older, you'll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and don't you forget it-whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash" (Lee 233). He is a fair man living in an unfair time, and he passes his strength down to Scout, to make sure she never treats people with bigotry and prejudice."

Tags:hatred, racism, blacks, whites, southerners

Abstract
A paper that answers specific textual questions from the stories within the 'The Harper Collins World Reader -- The Modern World' written by Mary Ann Caws and Christopher Rendergast in a concise and clear manner.

Tags:the, modern, world

Abstract
This paper discusses the literary work "To Kill a Mocking Bird" by Harper Lee and describes the attitudes of the white community to the black community in the Southern U.S.A. of the 1930's. This paper outlines the book chapter by chapter and provides a brief synopsis of each.

From the Paper
"Slavery has been abolished for many years since the end of the American Civil war yet to many of the Southerners especially those living in Maycomb County it is as if it never had been as they continue to believe in the supremacy of white power, Harper Lee brings out the snobbery and pre prejudices that's are attached to these southern values (Lee, 1989)."

Tags:slavery, segregation, discrimination, maycomb, scout

Abstract
The following paper examines Frances Payne Bolton's life as a youngster and a young adult and the factors which led her to the nursing career she made such a difference in. The writer describes the improvements that Bolton made as well as the positions that she held during her illustrious life.

From the Paper
"The field of nursing has seen some major changes over the years. Before the era of WWII nurses were viewed with about the same level of expertise as a candy striper. Nurses were dispensing meds and cleaning out bedpans but their skills and intelligence were not really utilized on the job. Because of the inability to expand their job or the expectations of their job the filed stagnated for many years. Then Frances Payne Bolton entered the scene. France Payne Bolton was a nurse who took the bull by the horns and brought about changes that would revolutionize the nursing industry".

Tags:lifetime, achievements, accomplishments, health, care, industry, childhood, experience, banker, retailer

Abstract
This paper discusses themes in the work of nineteenth century female writers, including Lydia Child, Zitkala-Sa, Frances Harper, and Margaret Fuller. The themes include male dominance, the meaning of race and the plight of women.

From the Paper
"Many American writers in the nineteenth century focused on questions that were related to human and civil rights, the institution of slavery, the mistreatment of Native Americans and the divisiveness of race. These are themes that were introduced by such varied writers as Lydia Marie, Chile Zitkala-Sa, Margaret Fuller and Frances Harper. Each of these women writers considered it important to come to terms with the meaning of race as was the case of Harper's novel..."

Tags:literature, women writers