Abstract
The paper relates that ground theory works in a reverse fashion from the scientific method. The paper demonstrates how Ground Theory works in reverse by studying the undergraduate experience at college. The paper relates that Ground Theory (GT) is a qualitative research methodology that is commonly used in social science studies, where instead of starting with a hypothesis, it ends at a hypothesis. The paper explains that from data collected through qualitative methods of interviews, conversations and surveys a series of codes are extracted from the data collected and these codes are then used to group similar concepts into categories. The paper discusses how from these categories, the creation of a theory or hypothesis is formulated, and this very process is a direct contradiction of the framework for the scientific model (Borgatti, n.d).

From the Paper
"Ground theory methodology (GTM) works in a reverse fashion from the scientific method. This paper will demonstrate how Ground Theory works in reverse by studying the undergraduate experience at college. Ground Theory (GT) is a qualitative research methodology that is commonly used in social science studies. Instead of starting with a hypothesis GT ends at a hypothesis. From data collected through qualitative methods of interviews, conversations and surveys a series of codes are extracted from the data collected. These codes are then used to group similar concepts into..."

Tags:ground, theory, approach

Abstract
This paper is a research on how America will be able to protect their ground-based assets from terrorist attacks, such as down-link radar sites, launch facilities including control rooms and fuel supplies. The author examines electronic-warfare, which is warfare is enabled through information technology and electronic communications on and off the battlefield, in space and on ground, and in real-time. The paper also includes literature reviews on the same topic and reports findings that more location specific initiatives are needed in addressing vulnerability assessments and solutions for security for these ground-based space assets of the United States military.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Literature Review
New Types of Training
Growing Reliance on Space: Dangerous Dependence
More Distributed and Redundant Satellite Systems
Smart Planning to Ensure Key Capabilities Remain in Place
Importance of Local Vulnerability Assessment
Terrorism in "Location Specific"
Summary of Literature Review
Bibliography

From the Paper
"The literature reviewed in this study has indicated that the most vulnerable targets in terms of United States space assets are space assets located right here on earth in the form of ground stations and control centers which are communication links to and from satellites and likely to be targeted in attacks from distant computers. Even the American armed forces have experienced difficult in finding the appropriate amount of bandwidth for use due to the many electronic systems presently in operation. While space is important, it is ever so much more important that location specific vulnerabilities be assessed and the limitations and shortcomings of vulnerability that exist be addressed and solutions established."

Tags:terrorism, electronic warfare

Abstract
This paper explains that the legal standard applied by the courts in deciding whether the Army's combat exclusion violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution is the Intermediate Scrutiny Standard, which the Supreme Court used in "Craig v. Boren" as the test for deciding discrimination based on gender. The author believes that the Army should repeal its combat exclusion rule and allow qualified women, who have gone through extensive ground combat training and have passed the physical and mental tests, to join direct ground combat troops. The paper relates that, although there are many cases supporting women's equality in the Army, "Rostker v. Goldberg" supports the Army in exercising its rights under Congress, which may be seen as its only legal argument.

From the Paper
"'Women In The Armed Forces", a study which was conducted to get a better understanding of the impact of employing women in the most demanding close combat roles, found that "differences between women and men in their capacity to develop muscle strength and aerobic fitness are such that only approximately one percent of women can equal the performance of the average man"[1]. The study also reported that in that finding, lifting and such tasks as carrying on average women would have to work fifty to eighty percent harder to achieve the same results, and that this puts them at greater risk [1]. In load marching, which are another fundamental task, and other simulated combat tasks, women were found to perform worse than men and the greater the load, the greater the discrepancy. The physiological aspect of the study concluded that, "about 0.1% of female applicants and 1% of trained female soldiers would reach the required standards to meet the demands of these roles"[1]."

Tags:courts, test, scrutiny, exclusion, discrimination

Abstract
This paper explains that, for innumerable years, the only way to develop effectively an archaeology site was by the laborious and area-disturbing digging of trial sites; however, today, computer technology presents the ability to see what the terrain looks like beneath the surface. Next, the author describes the development of ground penetrating radar (GPR) devices, which are classified as remote sensing tools. The paper illustrates its application at known archeology sites, such as Memphis in Egypt, and its use to examine construction sites before excavation to be sure that valuable archeological information is not destroyed.

From the Paper
"These continuous readings display a picture of the earth below its surface, on an imaging screen and can also be recorded and or copied to provide a physical reference that coincides with the structural grid used to delineate the area where the radar is being employed. The grid itself is often associated with GPS location tracking but in the past has been associated with other measures, such as existing landmarks. Above (right) is a photograph of an early GPR device, being utilized on a dig site in Egypt to determine what might exist in an area surrounding a pyramid."

Tags:map, trial digs, continuous readings, resistivity surveying, globe theater

Abstract
This paper relates that the most despicable and cowardly destruction of the World Trade Center on 9/11 brought forth examples of exemplary courage by individuals in the face of this terrorism. Specifically, the paper describes the heroic acts of businessman Ed Fine, who was not trained to handle such situations but had a compassion for fellow beings, of Captain Scott Shields and his dog Bear that died due to cancer developed from their brave efforts to save victims of the terrorist attack, and of nurse Lucille Yip, who hitchhiked to the hospital on a garbage truck to treat the injured and worked continuously for two days. The paper concludes that horrific tragedies like this make people aware of the connection and love that still exists in most humans.

Table of Contents:
Ground Zero
Businessman Ed Fine
Captain Scott Shields and his Dog Bear
Nurse Lucille Yip
Conclusion

From the Paper
"On opening a door which he presumed to be an emergency exit, he discovered a group of people who were panic struck. More people walked in displaying confusion in their utterances. Fine, however maintained his cool and asked them to wait for him until he had found the actual emergency door. The panic struck people complied and after discovering the actual emergency exit, Fine came back and led all the people down the staircase to safety. In normal circumstances, panic struck people in such circumstances often lose their cool and run to save their own lives."

Tags:man-made, cool attitude, ashes firsthand undaunted

Abstract
This paper examines a conflict over California's use of a hydroelectric dam that floods a Native American burial ground. The paper considers a 2004 law and state guidelines as a basis for a compromise that could be worked out allowing for preservation of the site.

From the Paper
"In this dispute, a California tribe has discovered that a Native American burial ground lies below the high water mark of a previously constructed hydroelectric dam. This land is exposed for part of the year. It is then flooded to protect land down stream, generate hydropower, and to provide an even water flow for recreation, irrigation and other purposes essential to those presently living in the area. The tribe claims that the site is sacred, cannot be moved and should not again be flooded. The state agrees there is a burial site, but asserts that it may be far older than any..."

Tags:diversity, artifacts, flooding

Abstract
This paper examines the book "Common Ground" by J. Anthony Lukas, a tale of race and racism in the real world without using theories or philosophies. It discusses how Lukas tells his tale of racism, which deals with the lives of three Bostonians in purely human terms and in a factual and well-researched manner. It looks at how the novel details what happened in the city of Boston in the years immediately following the assassination of Martin Luther King and analyzes his characters and their families, their environment and their points of view concerning the racial tensions and conflicts in Boston.

From the Paper
"In the publicity surrounding the book's receiving of the 1986 Pulitzer Prize for NonFiction, much was made of the fact that the book was based on more than 500 interviews and great historical research. However, the skill of a journalist as opposed to a historian is to pick and choose what events and statements best reflect a point of view. As the connection among the three main characters and their neighborhoods becomes more clear, the book loses some of its objectivity and the three characters at times seem like characters out of a play who are being used to spread the message."

Tags:racism, boston, martin, luther, king

Abstract
This essay will examine Sartre's example of an absent figure in an cafe and will argue that Sartre creates a type of dialectic between being and nothingness in order to affirm that nothing is not derivative of being, but that being grounds itself in nothingness.

Abstract
The paper describes how the members will be prepared for the group experience, specifically, through the initial interview with the potential group member including a discussion of the group between the leader and the new member. The paper relates that the new member will also be prepared for the group experience by the leader providing guidelines for group participation, as well as other information that will allow the new member to be informed about the group and its function to date.

From the Paper
"How will the members be prepared for the group experience? This will be accomplished through the initial interview with the potential group member with a discussion of the group between the leader and the new member. The new member will also be prepared for the group experience by the leader providing guidelines for group participation, as well as other information that will allow the new member to be informed about the group and its function to date. What structure will your group have? The group will be structured in two ways. First, the group will meet..."

Tags:nursing, cancer, groups

Abstract
Recently, there has been much controversy surrounding "Stamping Ground", an Aboriginal-inspired piece choreographed by Jiri Kylian. The debate focuses on what Jiri Kylian took from the Aboriginal culture and if it was, indeed, an imitation. To explore this issue in fuller detail, this paper presents insight into Jiri Kylian and the Aboriginal culture. Based on these findings, the paper argues that Jiri Kylian has not imitated Aboriginal dance in "Stamping Ground"; if he had, it would be regarded by the Aboriginal community as a theft.

From the Paper
"The jumps in Stamping Ground were also quieter, less impact noise on the surface. Aboriginals tend to exhibit a great deal of energy and aggression in their dances that is accompanied by a tremendous amount of sound, whereas the first half hour of Stamping Ground is performed with no music at all. Most importantly, the major difference observed between the work of Jiri Kylian and the Aboriginals is the number of people involved in the dance. The Aboriginals always perform in groups, in Stamping Ground, the majority of the time only one dancer is performing. There are at most three performers on stage at any time (Road to the Stamping Ground)."

Tags:Dreamtime, animism, choreography