Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Greek architecture has long been identified with the creation of the three classic architectural orders, the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. The writer points out that Greek temples were not directly linked to the orders but show basic features that are much alike. The writer then discusses that Roman architecture reflects a way of public and private life, borrowing elements from the Greeks and the Etruscans. The writer concludes that Greek architecture is more limited in scope and adheres more closely to ideas of unity and symmetry, more like chamber music. The writer maintains that Roman architecture is more expansive and more inclusive, balancing different elements in the manner of the symphony.

From the Paper
"The Greeks studied proportions to secure a general harmony in the relative massiveness or slenderness of all the parts as well as a mathematical relation between their dimensions. This process could be likened to that involved in chamber music, where harmony among the elements is controllable with the limited number of instruments and the unity of musical elements."
"R.W. Livingstone cites some of the differences between the Greek and Roman approaches to architecture in terms of the Greek dedication to the architectural order as the vocabulary of Greek architecture, stating ... "

Tags:unity, symmetry, space, architects

Abstract
This paper provides a significant discussion of the influence of Greek-Roman architecture on early American architecture in government, education and other public buildings. Major buildings showing the classical revival in architecture during the 18th to 20th centuries are analyzed to show the influence of Greek and Roman elements, particularly as they relate to democracy. The paper ncludes nine images as appendices to the paper.

From the Paper
"Classical architecture during the ancient Greek and Roman eras served as the foundation of early American architecture which experienced a European and Classic Revival, and still influences modern architecture today. Various elements of both Greek and Roman architecture were adopted by the founders of American government and education. Columns, capitals and frescos and friezes are the main elements of Greek architecture that influence American architecture, especially significant is the column. The Doric, Ionic and Corinthian are the three styles of columns used in American architecture. The Doric temple..."

Tags:domes, columns, Doric, Thomas Jefferson, U.S. Capitol, Greek Revival, power, republic, community, federalism, founding fathers

Abstract
This paper discusses ancient Greek and Roman architecture, focusing on how the Roman was derived from the Greek and ending with a description of the ancient Roman interiors.

From the Paper
"Ancient Greek and Roman architecture is among the most beautiful ever designed. The precision, orderliness and simple beauty of ancient Greek and Roman structures-not to mention their utility-have stood the test of time and elements of them still appear in buildings today. This paper will look at ancient Greek architecture and its influence on subsequent ancient Roman architecture, the influence of ancient thinkers will be addressed and ancient Roman interiors will be described. Ancient Greek architecture is distinctive for the fact that the Greeks spent much..."

Tags:ancient, Roman, Greek, architecture, atrium house, insula, townhouse, apartment

Abstract
This paper traces the development of domestic architecture in the Classical Greek and Roman world, noting that it was less pronounced than that of more public works. The paper also describes the earliest domestic dwellings in both Greek and Roman civilizations. The most prevalent structures in both societies prior to the Classical period were wooden dwellings with a pointed roof and an opening at the top to let in light and let out smoke from the hearth, and these buildings did not have second stories.

From the Paper
"The development of domestic architecture in the Classical Greek and Roman world was less pronounced than that of more public works (Michael Jameson, in Kent, 1993, p. 52). The earliest domestic dwellings in both Greek and Roman civilizations were an extension of the idea of a tent, very much as they were in other cultures around the world. The most prevalent structures in both societies prior to the Classical period were wooden dwellings with a pointed roof and an opening at the top to let in light and let out smoke from the hearth, and these buildings did not have second stories..."

Tags:greek, roman, architecture

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Greek and Roman Revival in public buildings, its background, history and development, and to provide an understanding of why it was appropriate for the time and how its popularity has waned and has given way to more egalitarian and user-friendly civic buildings.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Greek and Roman Revival in public buildings, its background, history and development, and to provide an understanding of why it was appropriate for the time, but its popularity has waned, and it has given way to more egalitarian and user-friendly civic buildings. During the 20th century, architects were very much on the lookout for the next new thing. This was a period of great change and advancement in society..."

Tags:greek revival, roman revival, neoclassicism, civic architecture

Abstract
This paper examines how a society's ideals are reflected in its sculpture, through the example of comparing Egyptian, Greek and Roman Sculpture. The author describes the characteristics of these societies as seen through their art and that their sculptures are a reflection on the perspective on the same world.

From the Paper
"Different cultures see the world in different ways. Religion, society, and even politics, shape our views, and give form to our human environment. Architecture, music, literature, dress all are visible manifestations of a people's values. This is no less true in the realm of sculpture. A religious people will create works of art that express its most deeply held spiritual beliefs; a cerebral people, sculptures that capture humankind's highest ideals, while the politically minded turn out statues and busts that represent their world's movers and shakers. Styles can range from the formal and the symbolic, to the ideal and the real. Each serves its cultural purpose. As all peoples have done, the Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Romans produced sculptures that testify to the beliefs of their respective societies."

Tags:egyot, greece, rome, italy, culture, cultures, society, religion, human, environemnt, architecture, music, literature, dress, religious, people, spiritual

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion meant to coincide with the visual display of architectural works from ancient Greek, Roman and Islamic culture. How these cultures used such works to define themselves and reinforce their values and beliefs is the main focus.

From the Paper
"Ancient Greek, Roman and Islamic cultures created great architectural works that have lasted to this day from the Greek Parthenon and Roman Coliseum to the Islamic Taj Mahal. Greek architecture heavily influenced Roman culture which would in turn influence Islamic architecture. As Roberts notes; "The Greek search for excellence defined for later peoples what excellence was." For all three of these cultures, architecture was one attempt to define cultural identity and functioned differently depending on the values, beliefs and practices..."

Tags:dome, arch, vault, public works, politics, religion, Coliseum, Taj Mahal, Parthenon, temples

From the Paper
"Architecture that was distinctively Roman did not begin to emerge until the first century BC and only reached full development at the time of Augustus one century later. Because Rome was formed from interactions with many different Italian groups and because the Roman Empire took in so much area and so many different peoples, Roman culture was not homogeneous. Nearly every aspect of its culture was heavily influenced by other Italians (particularly the Etruscans), Greeks, and peoples of the Near East and Europe. Pollitt divides the long developmental period of Roman art and architecture into three phases. The first two were the Etruscan phase (seventh and sixth centuries BC) and the Italic phase (which corresponded with the beginning of the Republic and occupied the next two centuries). The third period was the Greek phase "dating to the third and.."

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the contributions made by the ancient civilizations of Greece and Rome to Western thought and culture. According to the paper, these contributions are many, especially in the areas of art, literature, architecture, politics, government, science and religion.

From the Paper
"During the Enlightenment (the eighteenth century), theorists such as John Locke and Adam Smith in Great Britain, Rousseau in France and Jefferson in America, championed "natural law" passed down from the time of the Greeks and Romans by the perpetuation of Roman law and the rediscovery of Greek philosophical writings during the Renaissance. But the interpretation of those laws became the subject of major disagreement. During the sixteenth century, Machiavelli had put state over citizen and Jean Bodin had defended the divine right of monarchs. But in the seventeenth century Hugo Grotius proposed a system of international law based on reason (nature), profoundly influencing two British thinkers, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. The refinement of "natural law" and the discourses on how one is to define it ultimately influenced the philosophy of the "Founding Fathers" in the United States as well as the ideals of the French revolutionaries."

Tags:Thucydides, Sophist, Protagoras, Humanistic, ancient, imperial, doctrines, citizenship

Abstract
This paper discusses how postmodern architecture, as its name suggests, and like so many aesthetic movements in general, arose as a reaction to the expressive sensibility of the previous generation and how perhaps the most striking formal and spatial qualities and characteristics of postmodern architecture is its lack of cohesion in all of the qualities of form and style. The paper also looks at how there are some shades of classicism in postmodern architecture--or at least neo-classicism and its embrace of an earlier era, that of Greek and Roman formality, and its transformation and appropriation of those forms in different uses.

From the Paper
"The new postmodernists derided the formulaic genre of the preceding generations of architects, which they felt had produced buildings that were "monotonous" ("Art and culture: Postmodern architecture," 2007). The new critics despised modernism's uniform, linear lines, its consistency of shape, its "glass skyscrapers" that were "based on an efficiency of construction fostered by capitalist speculation ("Art and culture: Postmodern architecture," 2007). Modernism argued for architecture's politicization, an end to its "formal isolation" and for an expansion of architecture's role to address social problems. Postmodern critics of the early 1970s felt that elitism and individual expression were superior values to modernist's embrace of a populism that had really degenerated into a routinized corporate regime (McLeod 27)."

Tags:greek, roman, aesthetic, structure