Abstract
This paper explains that the Great Lakes Basin offers an abundance of ecological points to support ecotourism; moreover, if ecotourism becomes an important economic and social factor, it will have a positive affect on some of the ecological concerns of the region. The author points out that the tourism industry in the Great Lakes Basin is stagnated and the most appealing method to this revitalizing program is ecotourism, which would bring tourism to the area to generate both income to continue conservation efforts and interest in conserving the Great Lakes Basin's ecosystem and historic sites. The paper states that the first thrust of developing an ecotourism program is to survey Canadians and visitors to determine their interest in eco-travel and to evaluate potential financial benefits and to create an agency to manage ecotourism efforts in the Great Lakes Basin. Tables, charts, maps and illustrations.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Sustainability, Community Interest, Marketing and Mapping
Exotic Biologicals of Interest to Tourism and Ecotourism
Tourism Policies: Legal Issues Affecting Tourism Development in the Area
Tourism Statistics
Canoeing, Kayaking and Sailing
Power Boating
Recreational Fishing
Swimming
Most Popular Sports
Recommendations for Short, Medium and Long Terms
Ontario Tourism Forecast
Short-Term Recommendation
Medium- Term Recommendation
Long- Term Recommendation
Assorted Maps Useful for Planning Ecotourism

From the Paper
"In addition to the scientific ecotourism potential in this species migration (and the list above is a very small part of it), there is the land-based cultural aspect, particularly sustainable if exploited because "the history of exploration, colonization, settlement, and commercial development of the Great Lakes by European settlers spans almost four centuries. Throughout this period, non-indigenous aquatic animal and plant species have been introduced both intentionally and accidentally." Here, cultural history also enters the picture because, for medicinal purposes, early settlers imported non-native plants, such as bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) as well as importing favored edibles, such as watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum), which thrived in the new environment, pushing out older native species."

Tags:culture, historic, plants, animals, survey

Abstract
This paper looks at the numerous factors that have contributed to the drastic decline of lake sturgeon over the past 100 years in the Great Lakes region.

From the Paper
"In the Great Lakes region it has been reported that several factors have contributed to the decline of Lake sturgeon in the last century. These factors have included the use of the lake as an industrial dumping ground, where chemicals have had a severe adverse affect on the local fish and wildlife. Much of this industrial dumping has occurred within all of the other Great Lakes as well. Yet, because these waterways are connected, what contaminants affect one lake, affects all of the lakes in the..."

Tags:decline sturgeon fish wildlife, dumping ground

Abstract
This paper discusses how the Great Lakes ecosystem moderates weather extremes in the region, and provides aesthetic beauty and intellectual stimulation that lift the human spirit. It also examines alterations in the ecosystem resulting from human intervention, and analyzes the effects of these human impacts.

Abstract
Twenty thousand years ago, mile-thick glacial ice sheets that extended from Canada to the Ohio River covered Michigan and most of northern North America. It took more than 12,000 years for the ice to melt, leaving Michigan a glacially scarred landscape with the Great Lakes. This paper focuses on the ancient Michigan basin area and presents a brief geological history of the area. It discusses how the mammals that lived during the Ice Age, such as mammoths, horses, camels and saber-toothed tigers adapted to their environment over the years, with some eventually becoming extinct.

From the Paper
"The sperm whale represents a prehistoric carnivore that still exists today and Michigan boasts one of the largest fossils from a prehistoric sperm whale. Even during prehistoric times, the Great Lakes as we know them now were larger and connected to the Atlantic Ocean. This may be one reason why the sperm whale survived. Today, they are found far from land in very deep waters, which probably had been there environment during the Pleistocene Epoch."

Tags:Wisconsin, Glacier, Paleozoic, rocks, extinction, stag-moose

From the Paper
"Coastal Process of the Great Lakes


The Great Lakes are a series of giant tubs linked by rivers and smaller lakes (Gorrie, 1988, p. 20). The flow starts in Lake Superior (the largest and deepest of the chain) and then passes through the St. Mary's River to Lake Huron and Lake Michigan (Gorrie, 1988, p. 20). Because these two are joined by the broad Straits of Mackinac, they behave as a single sea (Gorrie, 1988, p. 20). Their waters are connected to Lake Erie by the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River; the Niagara River connects Lake Erie with Lake Ontario (Gorrie, 1988, p. 20). Eventually, much of the Great Lakes' water egresses to the Atlantic Ocean through the St. Lawrence River (Gorrie, 1988, p. 20). In recent years, this system of waterways has attained some of the highest water levels recorded this century (Cobb, 1987 ...."

Abstract
The author first gives a brief overview of the entire study and then goes on to describe the importance of the plants to maintain the great lakes, the ecosystem and the bio diversity in them. In the next three sections, the author selects separate plants that are of high importance and describes the benefit of them to the ecosystem and the great lakes and then goes on to analyze the significance of the role that they play. The final section of the document then summarizes the findings and recaps all the main details that have been stated throughout the document.

From the Paper
"In this document the author studies the importance of aquatic plants to the survival of the great lakes in eastern North America. The author first gives a brief overview of the entire study and then goes on to describe the importance of the plants to maintain the great lakes, the eco system and the bio diversity in them. In the next three sections the author selects separates plants that are of high importance and describes the benefit of them to the eco system and the great lakes and then goes on to analyze the significance of the role that they play. The final section of..."

Tags:lakes, eastern, plants

Abstract
This paper examines how the equilibrium in a lake as an ecological ecosystem is directly dependant on the regional hydrological cycle and how, since that cycle is dependant on climate patterns, it is assumed that global warming will have an immediate effect on the lake's physical conditions and, thus, its inhabitants. It explores the Great Lakes system in the eastern United States, which includes thermal niches suitable for the three guilds. In order to get the most accurate prediction, this paper includes parameters, such as depths, water volumes, thermocline depth, and the Great Lakes water chemistry. The main conclusions show that there are three levels of direct effect: 1) thermal niche size changes; 2) changes in growth rate and food consumption; and 3) changes in reproductive success and population size.

Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Research Area
Data Collection
Fish and Thermal Niches
Results
Food Consumption and Growth Rate Changes
Population Response
Ecosystem Response
Impacts of Changes in the Hydrological System on the Habitat
Global Warming Impact on Thermal Niches
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Smallmouth bass communities thrive today in warm niches and are unlikely to be affected in the future global warming conditions. A positive response is predicted for the cool water niche, where a 9-fold increase in yearlings population and a 23-fold increase in the fishable populations are expected. This is in fact a mediocre response, intermediate to influence on cold and warm water niches.
The extended reproductive success and the increase in mature individual numbers are logical, since the growth season is expected to be longer and the winter, when the "winter kill" phenomena (Jackson, 2002) takes place, to be shorter."

Tags:thermal, niches, climate, community, dynamicshydrology

Abstract
This paper discusses the conflict between the Congo, Uganda and Rwanda and their tribes called the Hutus and the Tutsis. It provides a history of the current problem and examines the ethnic issues at the core of the conflict. Zimbabwe's relation to the conflict is also discussed as well as the impact of this crisis on central Africa's society and economy.

From the Paper
"The African region has always been a region at war with itself. Since the time when this region was under the colonial umbrella, to now when the influence is mainly indirect in the form of TNC's, Africa has been unable to find the answer to its internal problems. When the colonialists lost their direct influence in the region, it was expected that finally the time has come that Africa's own leaders will stand up for their respective country's rights but that did not materialize as one after the other, self serving leaders found their way to power. The Great Lakes Crisis is a saga in the epic that concerns the nations that were previously under the French sphere of influence. "

Tags:colonialist, kabila, uganda, rwanda, congo, hutu, tutsi, mugabe, zimbabwe, sadc

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that horses have had an influence on human lives for centuries. They are associated with art, mythology, war, history and, in America, the Wild West. The writer discusses that in 1971, human concern for the treatment of the feral horses of America led to the creation of the Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act of 1971 (Bureau of Land Management, 2010). Since that act the wild horses' potential for large population growth coupled with the legal constraints of management has become a difficult situation. The writer discusses the problem that arises in how to balance the conservation of feral horses in the Great Basin with the negative effects the horses have on the environment.

Outline:
Biological Background
Description of Problem
Proposed Solutions
Critique of Proposed Solutions

From the Paper
"The modern genus Equus arose in the Pleistocene and colonized North America. During this era, at least 8000 years ago, all North American equids, along with other large herbivores, became extinct. The feral horses that now reside in North America are most likely to have come from escaped animals from ranchers, miners and American Indians. In the early 1700s, the feral horses began to move northward from Mexico into the central Rocky Mountain area. Today most of the wild horse population in the United States can be found in the Great Basin area.
"The Great Basin is the least-inhabited area of the United States. It covers approximately half a million square kilometers. Free-ranging horses have inhabited the Great Basin since 1841. The Great Basin is a semiarid ecosystem that, when disturbed, has a long recovery time."

Tags:conservation biology, wild horses, great basin

Abstract
The author wrestles with Alexander the Greats' inclinations towards both good and evil in an attempt to show that he deserved the title: "Great". By comparing and contrasting, she is able to build a case that he was, indeed, as his name implies, 'Great'. With some interesting quotes from people that knew Alexander the Great personally.

From the Paper
"Alexander the Great was a charismatic person who won the heart of the people he ruled throughout his short reign. He led them to victory against their enemies and had a generous nature. There was another side to Alexander though; he could be cruel, irrational and was known for his drunken rages. Despite his faults, Alexander's conquests, achievements and personal traits made him worthy of the title, "the Great." "

Tags:alexander, ancient, great, greece, greek, history, macedonia, military