Abstract This paper considers how graphicdesign was much influenced by technological developments in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and continues to be influenced by new developments in technology, with computer-aided graphicdesign being a current example. The paper further discusses how graphicdesign came into its own as a separate discipline in the late nineteenth century, though the art of arranging text and image to convey a message is much older in practice. Graphicdesign as a discipline came with the development of various technological shifts allowing for such arrangements on a mass scale through the arts of photography, printing, and widespread dissemination.
Abstract This paper takes a look at graphicdesign and the history of graphicdesigntechnology. The paper classifies the milestones related to the use of such technology (from the date it was introduced to the dates of its modifications) and reviews what developments lie ahead.
Outline:
Introduction
GraphicDesign The Initiator of GraphicDesigning The Start of GraphicDesignTechnology Change in GraphicDesign Education
The Benefits Brought by GraphicDesignTechnology
From the Paper "The idea of improving the methods of designing came up on early years of the 1950s. Several young designers of that time were trying to position themselves as commercial artists who were trained in studio art programs as either painters or printmakers. These drastic changes in goal was inspired by several European designers who ensured that their practice is used in more ways than just by appending artistic devices in selling soaps or other consumer products. The said designers were also the ones who revealed that they serve as between the client and the public. They filter information with the pursuit of placing the contents into visual contexts thereby enabling broader understanding. The same designers from Europe paved the way for other designers and aspiring ones to earn deep respect from their predecessors and colleagues particularly during the 1950s up to the 1960s (Thornton, 1996 para 4)."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the history, development and evolution of graphicdesign and explains how all of this can best be understood understood in terms of the central function of graphicdesign - communication.
Introduction
The Evolution of GraphicDesign: A Short History.
A Definition
What is the New Media?
The Influence of Computer Technology The Changing Process.
Typography and Layout
Illustration
The World Wide Web
From the Paper "Graphic designers often see themselves as essentially communicative artists whose function it is to convey ideas, concepts and information through visual and textual imagery and data using a variety of techniques. It is this central communicative aspect which has enabled graphic designers to cover a wide spectrum of media and mediums and to "work across quite a wide range of fields and with different media: for companies and corporate bodies, in book or magazine publishing, exhibition design, signing and architectural graphics, television graphics, and so on. (Kinross, 1992, p. 73)"
Abstract The paper discusses how Ted McCain and Ian Jukes offer many opinions and suggestions on technology and education in their book, "Windows on the Future: Education in the Age of Technology." The paper contends that among the most valuable assessments made by McCain and Jukes is the need for students and teachers to look beyond technology for answers, even in fields like graphicdesign. The paper also asserts that although their arguments are compelling for the inclusion of technology in the classroom, they are rather shortsighted in discounting many traditional methods as obsolete.
From the Paper "In pushing technology on education in this book, McCain and Jukes are addressing educators rather than students. The authors want educators to prepare students growing up in the "world of data explosion" with the skills they need to succeed. Obviously, this sounds good. Preparing students, especially those in fields like graphic design, is important so that those students can access the programs and technology resources that are applicable to their field."
Tags:graphic, design, resources, educators, students
Abstract This paper presents an application for a school of graphicdesign. The application begins by describing the applicant's interest in artistic pursuits and why she feels that a career in graphicdesign is the most logical choice for her. The applicant describes her skills and knowledge that would make her ideal for the program and ends with discussing why this program is her first choice.
From the Paper "I am a perfect candidate for a lifelong career in Graphic Design. I have already pointed out my artistic and academic prowess, as well as the desire to succeed in the field. I am a born leader with great communication skills. I am a committed, hard worker, and I thrive on the energy of a buzzing workplace. Contrary to the stereotype of an "Artist", I am a shrewd businesswoman, am highly motivated, and can fit in as well at a board meeting as a coffeehouse. My customer service skills are well honed, and I already posses the skill to analyze a client's needs and personal style to produce the highest quality interpretation of the clients vision. This is the essence of the Graphic Design field, and I feel that I have spent my whole life preparing to enter it. The only step left for me is college."
Abstract This paper discusses how a Web designer needs to understand how to help companies create, develop, and implement successful Internet strategies, as well as write computer HTML code and other custom programming scripts. It looks at how successful Internet Web design is a function of combining experience in Internet marketing, graphicdesign, and expertise in the latest Web-based technology. A successful Web site will be custom-tuned for the individual business and will take into consideration the clients' needs for Web sites, intranets and extranets for corporate clients, across a broad range of industries. It also examines how meeting the needs of clients is the top priority of a successful Web designer, not displaying their programming wizardry. As a Web site developer, a person must strive to accurately reflect the organization through online branding.
From the Paper "Before building a web site, the site owner must determine the purpose of the site. Will it be a contact center for customers, or friend? Will it be a central focus of the company, or a personal, virtual scrap book for the family? Will the web site be interactive, inviting the participation of the visitor, or a static, electronic brochure? The first generations of web sites were predominantly the latter, static electronic version of printed materials. The visitors could discover information, and route email through the web site to company staff. Second generation websites added interactivity to the content. The visitors could request information, and have it immediately delivered. Web sites included purchase options for basic products."
Abstract This paper explores the ethical dimensions of computer graphics used for virtual reality video games. The paper analyzes and evaluates these graphics in terms of their intrinsic and instrumental value dimensions. The paper outlines the technological changes that are apparent in hardware and software regarding virtual reality. The paper describes the hardware, software and potentially human components of user interfaces, explaining the functionality and also performance, aesthetic and emotional attributes.
From the Paper "Users/video game players are less constrained to their locales and are able to perform any task, at any place, using whatever tools are available there. The user interfaces provided in systems accommodate this and the user continues to play seamlessly. The graphics display presents spatial information to the peripheral retina that facilitates navigation, flow and movement, and temporal stimulation that cues the user/video game player where to look. "
Abstract The paper discusses and analyzes the graphic arts and studies the revolution of typography on the Internet, including how type on the Internet has changed over time. The paper comments that Internet typography is one of the most important aspects of Internet technology and that it is constantly evolving and will develop in the future, probably into something that we can only imagine.
From the Paper "It is interesting to note that when Gutenberg first developed the printing press, typography took off, there were numerous designs and innovations within the first 25 years of the press' inception, and then design tapered off. Experts believe the same will hold true for Internet typography. They also believe the first 25 years will show the most rapid growth, and it will slow down after that. It was of course, much more difficult to design typefaces for the printing press."
This paper is a literature review studying the effect of color, primarily in print media, on the way people feel when they see an advertisement or some other kind of information in the media.
Abstract This paper explains that there is evidence that color, especially the viewer's favorite colors, plays an important role in graphicdesign, especially print media and advertising. The author points out that color has symbolic meaning, which differ culturally: in western societies, white is seen as the traditional color for weddings but, in the Chinese culture, white is used for funerals; and, in America, red is often associated with rage or anger but in China red is used for happiness. The paper relates (1) the importance of graphicdesigners to study the role of color, how it makes people feel and why this is so significant and (2) the need for more research to understand this phenomena.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Importance of the Study
Significance of the Study
Rationale for the Study
Definition of Terms
Limitations of the Study
Validity and Uniqueness of the Data
Summary
Review of Related Literature
Literature on Color in Print Media
History of the Psychology of Color
What Is Your Favorite Color?
The Perception of Color
Color in GraphicDesign Case Study: British Telecom
Case Study: British Gas
Case Study: MacDonald's
Summary of the Literature Review
Methodology
Research Design and Rationale
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Summary
Analysis of the Data
Summary, Recommendations, and Conclusion
Summary
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper "The favorite color that an individual has is considered to say a great deal about them. It is important here to look at the most popular colors briefly and what they say about individuals. Black is considered to be a color of power and authority. It is also very popular and fashionable because many people that wear black look thinner. Black is considered to be timeless and very stylish, but it also implies submissionFor example, priests wear black to signify that they are submissive to God There are those in fashion that indicate women who were black imply that they are submissive to men but many black outfits are also utilized for aloofness or evil, such as those traditionally worn by villains in many television shows and movies."
Abstract This paper discusses the benefits of virtual reality technologies. It describes how virtual reality can be used to design buildings, cities and elaborate interactive entertainments. It looks at how virtual reality technologies offer the architect greater freedom, both physically and mentally and discusses how the introduction of a new technology into society is strongly tied to the cultural context in which it is introduced.
From the Paper "Virtual reality is also used to design buildings, cities, and elaborate interactive entertainments. The architect and client go inside the model and make changes they desire. Virtual reality is the most physical computer interface, because it puts your body inside the simulation. Virtual reality provides architects another tool; with it we can directly create experiences for each other to share in imagination, something that could lead to extraordinary outcomes. Jaron Lanier uses the terms "post-symbolic communication" and "reality conversation" to talk about this new potential for communication by building a world together instead of just sharing talk about building the world (picture 6). With virtual reality, architects can directly create experiences for and share experiences with each other. Design is now a more active process for the architect, one that allows freedom from physical and greater reliance on active, intuitive engagement with the designs themselves. Changes do not have to wait for a new model partition or addition. Colors, shapes, details and other design aspects are immediate, providing immediacy and active engagement where before the process was drawn out, costly and far from active or immediate, "Rather than wade through a complex series of menu options or wait for glue to dry, architects can simply reach out and manipulate the virtual world" (Architectural 1)."
Abstract This paper examines how web design is a complex and experiential field as there are many factors to take into consideration such as the way web pages are viewed and displayed on different browsers and on different platforms. It looks at some of the central criteria for good design and how they can be expanded by specific areas of design.
Outline
Introduction
Principles of Web Design The Importance of Planning
The Target Audience
Goals and Objectives
Repeat Visits and Updating
Presentation: Graphics and Color
Content
Navigation
Page Length
Appropriate Text Fonts and Styles
Testing
Summation
From the Paper "Navigation is one of the most essential and pivotal parts of all design features on the Web. Essentially navigation which is the way a viewer explores a site is the management principle which allows the content to be seen and facilitates accessibility. Poor navigation is the surest route to drive viewers away. The trend in design is towards straightforward and functional navigation which manages and directs the flow of site content. The following view (Koreto) clearly illustrates the idea of basic navigation. "As your site grows, navigation will become an important issue. Your home page should link to the other main pages. " (Koreto, 1997, p 83) The author continues to expand on this important aspect and to develop certain essential aspects related to good navigation."
Abstract This paper does a comparative survey of the features of 3D graphics tools in Java and examines the importance and the future prospects of Java-based graphics tools. The paper gives a brief description of why some tools have become quite popular and takes a look at the compatibility of these tools with community developed Linux Operating Systems such as Ubuntu, in particular. The comparative survey of these tools deals with the features, drawbacks and the scope of their use in the future. In conclusion, a short analysis is made in terms of how the end-users can benefit from these tools and libraries, as well as analyzing the target segments for these tools.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Brief Introduction of Java Based 3D Graphics Tools
Low Level Graphics APIs
Screen Graph based Java APIs
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
From the Paper "The major features of JOGL include proving low level bindings for OpenGL and granting full access to Open GL 2.0 Specification. Apart from this JOGL also provides hardware-supported 3D graphics for Java based applications, which gives it a significant edge over other tools. JOGL also has integrated AWT and Swing widget support integrated. The way JOGL functions is that it parses the C header files from OpenGL (which are in 'C' only) and then using the Java Native Interface (JNI) converts them to Java libraries. This enables JOGL to access OpenGL library using JNI calls. This functionality marrows down the performance gap between Java and other programming languages. However, there is one major drawback of JOGL, which is likely to be over come in the future versions. It lacks helper functions that are available in Java 3D [8]. JOGL also has the advantage of being smaller in size and also for its support to OpenGL shading technologies. JOGL is also supported by Linux (AMD64/x86) Distos, such as Ubuntu."
Abstract The paper looks at Muller-Brockman's contribution to the Swiss design movement of the mid-20th century. It examines his style and design philosophy, as well as the visual language and typographic style of his use of grid systems in graphicdesign.
From the Paper "Graphic design began with written language and over the centuries evolved into a significant element of communication. Using words and pictures to present ideas visually is a creative as well as a technological process. Historically cultures have ..."
A discussion about the relationship between scientific management and German modernist art and how this relationship impacted German graphic art in a manner that continues today.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, 2006, $ 62.95
Abstract The relationship between scientific management and German modernist art and architecture has often been overlooked - which is unfortunate insofar as the former has greatly impacted the latter and provided it with some of its most conspicuous and enduring features. With this in mind, this paper explores this link by looking at examples of Taylorist sensibility in four noteworthy German designers; this paper also touches briefly upon how the works of these individuals - particularly Margarete Schutte-Lihotzky - reflected the dominant rationalist and modernist traits of the epoch and, in effect, set about creating a legacy for German graphic and architectural design which has persisted the present age.
Abstract This paper discusses the life and the noteworthy works produced by the acclaimed graphicdesigner, Alexey Brodovitch. Furthermore, the paper discusses the influence the designer's work had on artists in related fields.
