Abstract This paper offers two essays, one supporting the need for governmentregulation, the other denying it and supporting deregulation. The first notes that governmentregulation is necessary to assure safety, to prevent disease, to protect the rights of the individual, and to assure a level playing field in business. While one might argue that certain specific regulations are over-reaching or unnecessary, one must support the idea of regulation itself.
From the Paper "Government regulation is necessary to assure safety, to prevent disease, to protect the rights of the individual, and to assure a level playing field in business. While one might argue that certain specific regulations are over-reaching or unnecessary, one must support the idea of regulation itself, which after all was only undertaken once it was clear that the marketplace would not be effective in certain areas, such as enforcing safety rules, protecting consumers from fraud and misrepresentation, and reducing predatory practices on the part of business. Regulation typically refers to governmental efforts to control individual price, output, or product quality decisions of private firms in an effort to prevent purely private decision-making that would take inadequate account of the public interest. The first modern regulatory agency was established by Congress in 1887--the Interstate Commerce Commission--to control railroad rates. By the 1960s, government regulation was commonplace in the transportation..."
Abstract This well-researched paper discusses the importance of domestic and international e-commerce in today's economy and the need for stricter governmental regulations in order for global commerce to fulfill its potential. In both the domestic and the international fields, most of those engaged in e-commerce favor a minimal approach to governmentregulation but concede that additional regulation is necessary for the efficient conduct of business across international boundaries.
Topics covered in this report include:
Customs and Taxation
Electronic Payment Systems
Legal Environment
Intellectual Property Protection
Privacy
Security
Telecommunications Infrastructure and Information Technology
Bibliography
From the Paper "There are now methods of payment for goods and services over the Internet that link existing electronic banking and payment systems with new retail interfaces via the Internet. Private sector investment and competition is spurring innovations in this area. Despite the obvious need to ensure the safety of electronic payment systems, no policy is being developed at this time, and it is hoped that the market driven interests that are on the cutting edge of this technology will regulate itself."
Abstract This paper explains that governmentregulation of commerce in the United States traces back to the first draft of the Constitution, which gives the federal government power to regulate interstate commerce. The author points out that the power of regulations of businesses allows the federal government to act on behalf of the public and provide protections for individuals who cannot manage on their own without collective support. The paper stresses that, far from being evil and ineffective, appropriate governmentregulations can have many positive effects such as reducing corporate excess and increasing accountability in the business world. The author underscores that, unfortunately, the presence of a regulatory agency or legislation is no guarantee of the successful achievement of that goal. The paper also argues that any regulation leveled at the business community is ultimately borne by the consumers who patronize those businesses and negatively impact innovation in products by raising costs for businesses.
Table of Contents:
Consumers and Businesses Benefit from GovernmentRegulation GovernmentRegulation Harms Businesses
From the Paper "The reality is that the government is, by and large, an obstacle to increased prosperity and economic growth in industrialized nations. The traditional view of regulations is that it is the primary weapon or tool that the government has in its efforts to rein in the excesses of the business community. This attitude posits that business and commerce is somehow opposed to the interests of the public and that the government can act as a kind of "white knight" to protect the public and champion their interests in the face of corporations and businesses intent only on improving their bottom line and increasing profits."
Abstract This paper presents two essays on governmentregulation. The first essay attempts to show how governmentregulations protect consumers and businesses and help maintain a stable economy. The paper discusses the merits of regulations about hazardous waste, vehicle lemon laws and monopoly and anti-trust laws. The second essay maintains that governmentregulations harm the economy by hurting businesses. This view portrays how governmentregulations are so restrictive that they make it impossible for businesses to operate, which negatively affects both consumers and the economy.
From the Paper "Since America was in its infancy, the public has looked to federal and state government agencies to protect it from harm. Whether it was the threat of international terrorism or scams from international gold diggers, society has turned to its government and asked it to regulate such activities to protect American residents. While the public recognizes and appreciates such efforts, it quickly changes its tune when it comes to government regulations with regard to business."
Abstract The paper looks at the beginnings of the KDKA radiobroadcasting station and describes the events leading up to the first broadcast in 1920. The paper discusses the KDKA's growth through the years and explains how the station has managed to remain on the air for over 80 years.
From the Paper "On November 2nd in 1920, four individuals in Pittsburgh, PA made history when they reported election results over airways, becoming one of the first broadcasting stations in the United States. While their broadcast consisted of only election results, their efforts brought personal, immediate information to listeners in a way that had never before been seen, and is commonly thought to be the birth of radio journalism (Finn, 294). While their original broadcast made history, the events preceding and following the occurrence made what was to become the KDKA radio station a landmark of radio broadcasting over the next 80 years."
Abstract This paper explores how radio has matured over the years and where it is likely to go in the future. The author examines what areas of human communication is radio changing (news, entertainment, the "Global Village") and who uses radio technology (entertainers, politicians, propagandists, etc.). The paper includes moral or social issues have arisen from radio (censorship, the "shock jocks"). The paper discusses the future of the technology (streaming audio).
Abstract This paper discusses how, in 1894, the entire world was changed when a young Italian, Gugliemo Marconi, adapted the technology that made the use of the telegraph possible in order to transmit actual ambient sounds across wires over several miles. It examines how Marconi's discovery revolutionized the world of media and changed the world forever. Several of the many facets of the world of radio media are discussed in an effort to ultimately provide a more thorough understanding of the topic.
Outline:
Introduction
The Origins of Radio Initial Effect of Radio on United States Culture
Early Influences/GovernmentRegulation Cooperation and Competition with Other Media
Its Role in/Response to Social Responsibility
Where it Stands Today in Regard to Democracy
Future Evolution
Conclusion
From the Paper "After Marconi's discovery, the world of radio moved forward with surprising rapidity. For the first few years following Marconi's original discoveries, he was forced, after receiving no interest on the part of the Italian government, to travel to London, finding support for this emerging technology by the British government, who began to use the wireless technology as a means of broadcasting messages with previously non-existent speed and portability. By the early 1900s, wireless radio technology found its way to the shores of the United States in the hands of an electrical engineer from the University of Pittsburgh by the name of Reginald Fessenden, a man who worked with Thomas Edison himself. With Fessenden's knowledge of electricity, he was able to soon discover that in order to be able to broadcast over a wide area with any level of strength, he would need an improved transmitter, which he commissioned General Electric to build for him. "
Abstract Maximization of stockholders wealth is a controversial objective, which is often viewed with skepticism by economic analysts and business experts. This paper discusses how it is generally believed that such an objective is rather unrealistic and cannot be achieved keeping the current regulations in view. It questions whether government imposed regulation in various areas, directly affect profitability and business operations. Some studies suggest that these regulations have a negative impact on stockholders wealth while others refute such claims. In this paper, the writer addresses these issue to find out if stockholders wealth is affected by regulations and if so, how.
From the Paper "For maximization of stockholder wealth, a corporation needs to retain control over its operations and the measures adopted for increased profitability. However this is only a fairytale situation, which is close to impossible in a country marred by a long list of regulations. Government imposes various kinds of regulations to protect American public from possible exploitation. However what it may not understand is the fact that not all but some of these regulations negatively affect profitability which in turn hurt stockholders wealth. (Whiteman-Jones, 1994)"
Abstract This paper examines radioregulation in Canada when radio first emerged in the 1920sand 1930s. It focuses on the government's objectives in creating the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and the Canadian RadioBroadcast Corporation (CRBC).
Abstract In recent years we have witnessed a considerable amount of change, which has had an impact on the role of regulators in the broadcasting industry. Included in this is the development of the global marketplace as well as the rise of new forms of technology and media, such as the Internet, which can make regulation difficult if not impossible. This, of course, has raised the question of whether or not there is any role for regulation in this new and evolving environment. The purpose of this paper will be to examine these issues in light of this specific case of governmentregulation. This analysis will include an outline of the reasons why the government has intervened, the form of intervention, the results of intervention, as well as whether or not an alternative policy might be preferable.
Abstract This paper examines and evaluates the impact that international broadcasting has had on the cultural, political, and economical landscape of society. These factors are examined in terms of the impacts affected by law, communication, advertising or public relations.
Outline
Introduction
A New Era in the Federal Communications Commission
Time Periods Inclusive of the Radio Age
The United States was not the Leader of the Pack in the Beginning
1920 - 1934 Radio Industries Beginning
1935 - 1950: Exchanges and Advances in the Radio Industry
RadioBroadcasting on an International Basis
The Mission of the Public Broadcasting Network
Conclusion
From the Paper "Broadcasting has greatly impacted society on an international level and has affected every aspect of life in terms of economically, politically and socially as well as spurring developments in the field of the law, revenues in advertising and advances beyond the wildest dreams of the originators of broadcasting in terms of communications. The once very large world is much smaller due to broadcasting advances and news that took days and even weeks or months to make the rounds is now heard simultaneously throughout the entire globe. Certainly broadcasting on an international basis has propelled globalization and just may have even given birth to the global society in existence today."
An exploration of the importance of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) in the general strategy of the CIA and the United States government during the late 1980s.
Abstract The paper assesses the impact of the Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty organizations on the Cold War. The paper analyzes how the merged RFE/RL organization accomplished its mission across the Iron Curtain during the 1980s. The paper also illustrates how by becoming the vehicle that mobilized the frontier rebellions of Eastern European countries against the Soviet Union, RFE/RL had both a very direct and indirect influence on the collapse of the Soviet Union.
From the Paper "During the Cold War, tension between Western and Eastern Europe was extremely high. The existence of the Iron Curtain and its subsequent information cut off across this divide makes it extremely hard for American propaganda efforts to turn Soviet allies to the US. The development of the RFE or Radio Free Europe was part of the CIA's initiative to spread pro-American sentiment in Eastern Europe, behind the Iron Curtain. The program itself can be seen as a radio and communications organization, with funding specifically from the United States Congress and the CIA. The organization exists in Europe and the Middle East, with broadcasting of one thousand hours per week in over twenty eight different languages. Through the combined efforts of the RFE and the RL, Radio Liberty, organizations America was able to greatly influence a grass roots movement towards social mobility against communism."
Looks at some of the criticisms of Canada's broadcasting policies and argues that, while some of these criticisms are true, there are some good reasons for the policies as well.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, 2002, $ 44.95
Abstract This essay discusses how economists and other critics of Canada's traditional broadcasting policies have questioned government policies such as Canadian content quotas for television. They have argued that regulations have created government failures, including the protection of the interests of cable companies and the producers of poor quality shows that few people want to watch. The essay points out that this is true, but that there are legitimate reasons for Canadian public broadcasting.
Abstract This paper examines the issue of governmental interference in Canadian broadcasting, specifically due to the influence of American culture and the power of its consumerism which is integral to it. This paper also explains the different broadcasting acts recently passed.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to trace the history of radio broadcasting in the United States until the advent of television. We will see how the work of amateurs such as Frank Conrad led to the broadcast of the presidential election returns on November 2, 1920. A subsequent rush to build and buy receivers helped boost Westinghouse sales of radio sets. Radio Corporation of America won itself an audience of 300,000 broadcasting the Dempsey-Carpentier fight in 1921. AT&T presented the first commercial a year later. Yet a year after that AT&T began the establishment of network broadcasting. Government antitrust action in 1931 resulted in RCA, GE, and Westinghouse making their patents generally available. Meanwhile, the Radio Act of 1927 had established the Federal Radio Commission s "traffic policemen" of the air. "
