An evaluation of the ongoing debate across Canada over governmentfunding of organizations to challengeviolations by the federal government of rights protected under the Charter of Rights and Freedom.
Abstract The paper shows how the issues involved in the debate over governmentfunding of organizations to challengeviolations of rights protected are often complex and that arguments for and against governmentfunding both have merit. The paper explains that the relative merits of these respective arguments depend upon the specific violation involved, but concludes that in general, advocates of governmentfunding for challenges offer the most convincing arguments.
From the Paper "The Charter guarantees the fundamental freedoms of Canadian democracy, including freedom of conscience and religion; freedoms of thought, belief, opinion and expression; freedom of the press and other media of communication; freedom of peaceful assembly; and freedom of association. In addition, democratic rights such as voting, regular elections, and limits on Parliamentary sessions are guaranteed, as are mobility, legal, and equality rights.
"The problem is, many of these guaranteed rights cannot be adequately protected unless lengthy court action is pursued, which costs money. Proponents of government funding for challenges of violations consider this necessary because many Canadians are worried about enforcement of the guarantees in the Charter and are skeptical that their rights are being truly acknowledged by the government."
Abstract This paper supports the argument that educating students to use the Internet is one of the best and most effective ways of insuring their success once they graduate. The author argues that without the ability to use the knowledge that is available on the Internet, or World Wide Web, it is impossible to succeed in today's world. The Internet also serves as a window to the world for today's students and allows them to learn about other societies and promotes global awareness. The author argues that without more governmentfunding these skills will only be available to the wealthy who attend private schools, when these skills could open up the world to all students, rich or poor.
From the Paper "The Internet allows children to learn more about themselves and the world around them. The federal government currently allocates only about six percent of the funding for public schools with state and local governments picking up the remainder of the tab. he federal government deeply affects education through its policy making, regulatory, research and development activities. The government must further support and urge local and state governments to provide Internet access to children and to foster and support initiatives and activities that will enhance the learning process utilizing the Internet. What we put in our students today, they will give back ten times tomorrow."
Abstract This paper focuses on Government to Citizen (G2C) transactions mainly in the US. These include citizens? services and digital democracy. The concept of electronic government is to provide services and information to citizens electronically, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. As the demand for electronic services increases, governments are challenged to provide these services to citizens. Digital democracy may be defined as any electronic exchange of value in the democratic process. The spectrum includes Online Campaigns, Internet Voting, and Constituency Participation.
What is e-government?
Citizens Services
Digital Democracy
Political Online Campaigning
Disadvantages of Web advertising
Online Fund Raising
Internet Voting
On-line Voting Initiatives
Why Internet voting?
Requirements of an Internet voting system
Security Problems meeting requirements of an Internet voting system
Implementation Problems
Vision
The Impact of the Internet on Democracy
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
Digital Divide
Conclusion ? The year 2005
Abstract This paper compares governmentfunding of political parties in three democratic countries: the United States, Great Britain and France. It looks at the significance of the issue of financing political party electoral campaigns. It concludes that all three countries have implemented changes in campaign finance regulations, but considers the government as a necessary source of some of the funds for political candidates and parties, but differ on the issues that have an impact on electoral activity.
From the Paper "political party electoral campaigns has long been a subject of discussion and as significantly of controversy. Given ..."
Tags: political parties, campaign finance, France, Great Britain, United States
Abstract This paper explains the history of charter schools, how charter schools are funded, the reasons that make charter schools a popular alternative to public schooling and analyzes the pros and cons of charter schools. Lastly, it examines a state that is currently running numerous successful charter schools and predicts the future of charter schools. Paper includes a one-page outline.
From the Paper "The charter school movement began when reformers from St. Paul and Scarsdale, Philadelphia, Arlington, Virginia, and the states of New York and Virginia began setting up experiment to seek better alternative public schools for students and parents (Nathan 500). The name "charter schools" originated in the 1970s when New England educator, Ray Budde, suggested that a small group of teachers be given a 'charter' or contract by their local school board to explore new approaches to the standardized public school system (500). The former president of the American Federation of Teachers, Albert Shanker, took the idea and suggested that the local school board could charter an entire school if the union and teachers agreed (CANEC and PRI). This contract for charter schools' goals, programs, method of measuring success and operational procedures is signed between the operators, local school district, and the county board of education of the state (CCSA). In many states, at the end of each term, usually five-years, the school board reviews the schools to ensure that the educational achievements of their students are met before granting another term of charter."
Abstract This paper explores the legal, political, and personal effects and challenges of public charter schools. While taking an advocacy position, the paper examines opposition points of view and case history in detail.
From the Paper "Philosophically, charter schools employ a wide variety of educational theories and instructional approaches. While some apply an open or experiential learning philosophy, emphasizing experiences rather than knowledge, (Toch, 1996), others use academically oriented curricula and a highly structured learning environment, while still others blend these philosophies. Besides the freedom to experiment with a variety of materials, approaches and theories, charter schools also have several other key differences from their more traditional public school counterparts."
Abstract This paper looks at charter schools, in general, and charter schools in New Jersey, in particular. The paper looks at the laws governingcharter schools and how charter schools compare with regular public schools. Also included is an interview with a charter school administrator and a charter school teacher in New Jersey.
From the Paper "The definition of a charter school is a school established by contract with a district Board of Education or the State Board for Charter that will improve pupil achievement. Charter schools are established to provide a teaching environment that is designed to improve student achievement. They provide an additional academic choice for parents and students and may consist of new schools or be all or part of an existing school. Charter schools are an alternative to traditional public schools but are themselves public schools, although they may not..."
Abstract This paper begins by explaining and defining a charter, which is an instrument that grants a right, or a number of rights. It briefly examines the history of the development of charters and then discusses this concept in the context of L.A. City. It details certain sections and clauses in the L.A. City charter and explains the importance of such a document especially to this particular city.
From the Paper "In California, the state's constitution provides the framework for municipal charters. Article 11, Section 3 permits a city or county to adopt a charter if a majority of the voters approve. In addition, a city or county can also amend, revise, or repeal a charter by a majority vote. The California constitution allows the municipality's governing body or its charter commission to offer a charter for popular vote. A popular vote on amendment or repeal of a current charter can be effected either by the governing body or by ballot initiative."
Abstract This paper explains that, until 1982, human rights in Canada were protected by the Canadian Bill of Rights. The author points out that the Bill of Rights did not protect women's rights very well, and some court cases had unfair and discriminatory outcomes. The paper relates that, in 1982, the Canadian government passed the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to protect the human rights of all Canadians in a more effective way.
Abstract This paper argues that the U.S. government has been woefully remiss in addressing the deepening crisis in the public schools. The paper argues that the government's answer is always to throw more money at the educational system in a manner that only tends to deepen the crisis. The paper maintains that the problems with the public school system lay not in the lack of money being provided by the government, but in how the funds are allotted toward public education and the criteria for eligibility of those funds.
From the Paper "There is a lot of talk today about education, specifically the problems with our Public schools. It seems no matter what the problem, the solution is always to tax the people. The message from Congress to this regard is loud and clear: We like the public school system so much that we'll tax you billions of dollars to pay for it; we'll pass laws to mandate standardized national testing and curriculums; and we'll increase the Department of Education's budget every year. However, they don't like public schools enough to send their children there. Congress thinks Public schools are a great idea for our kids, but not for theirs. The three R's of education are not reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic -- they're retreating, requiring, and rejecting. If Congresspersons aren't willing to risk their own children's futures on a failing public education system why are we?"
Abstract This paper defines the charter school system in the United States. The author points out the most prominent problems associated with the charter school system. The paper proposes some potential policy solutions to the inadequacies of the charter school system.
From the Paper "The purpose of this essay is twofold. First, I examine some of the current and major problems associated with the U.S. charter school system that has become so popular in some states. These problems will include - but are certainly not be limited to - financial issues, misunderstandings of educational competition, and accountability. Second, I take on the role of the policy analyst and devise some possible solutions to the issues at hand, given the information presented."
Abstract This paper discusses the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (hereafter referred to as the Charter's is part of the Constitution Act, 1982) and is fundamental legislation used by the Canadian courts to protect the human rights of Canadian citizens. The paper discusses how like all legislation, the Charter is complex and may be interpreted in different ways. Over the years, the courts have been charged with attempting to interpret it in the best interests of Canadians.
Abstract This paper discusses the Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms and examines how the strengths and weaknesses of the Charter impact the courts. The paper takes a closer look at the six rights outlined in the Charter such legal, equality, and language rights. Two court cases are examined. These cases represent litigation based on infringements of an individual's rights.
From the Paper "Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms' Impact on Courts Introduction Canada is a democratic country where citizens live freely amongst one another. It is a multicultural nation that prides itself on maintaining and preserving equality among its people. This is not to say that inequalities do not exist, rather that Canada is a nation that is committed to preserving the rights and freedoms of all peoples. However, it is the 21st Century and there are some countries around the world that have not caught on to the human rights and freedoms movement."
Abstract This paper discusses how specific theories and principles and parental involvement should be implemented in charter schools, as well as which key characteristics that should be incorporated into charter schools.
From the Paper "In recent years charter schools have become an integral part of educational reforms in the United States Many parents whose children attend charter schools are enthusiastic advocates because they have the option to select the type of schools that may cater ..."
Tags: Paulo Freire, charter schools, parental involvement, students, teachers, oppression
Abstract This paper discusses why the current financial funding system for Amtrak doesn't work and what needs to be changed. The writer claims that Amtrak is doomed to failure, even with government subsidies, if it does not improve service, become more efficient and find ways to increase revenue not just rider-ship. It examines the type of governmentfunding which have been recieved since the 1970's and how, in the current economic climate of America, finances of Amtrack need to change.
From the Paper "Congress initially created Amtrak in 1970 as a for-profit organization, offering national rail service. It was signed into existence in 1971 and to date has never produced a profit. In 1997, Congress's Amtrak Reform and Accountability Act stipulated that the rail system had to achieve operational sufficiency by the end of 2002 and prohibits Amtrak from using any federal funds for operating expenses after fiscal 2002."
