An evaluation of the ongoing debate across Canada over governmentfunding of organizations to challenge violations by the federal government of rights protected under the Charter of Rights and Freedom.
Abstract The paper shows how the issues involved in the debate over governmentfunding of organizations to challenge violations of rights protected are often complex and that arguments for and against governmentfunding both have merit. The paper explains that the relative merits of these respective arguments depend upon the specific violation involved, but concludes that in general, advocates of governmentfunding for challenges offer the most convincing arguments.
From the Paper "The Charter guarantees the fundamental freedoms of Canadian democracy, including freedom of conscience and religion; freedoms of thought, belief, opinion and expression; freedom of the press and other media of communication; freedom of peaceful assembly; and freedom of association. In addition, democratic rights such as voting, regular elections, and limits on Parliamentary sessions are guaranteed, as are mobility, legal, and equality rights.
"The problem is, many of these guaranteed rights cannot be adequately protected unless lengthy court action is pursued, which costs money. Proponents of government funding for challenges of violations consider this necessary because many Canadians are worried about enforcement of the guarantees in the Charter and are skeptical that their rights are being truly acknowledged by the government."
Abstract This paper supports the argument that educating students to use the Internet is one of the best and most effective ways of insuring their success once they graduate. The author argues that without the ability to use the knowledge that is available on the Internet, or World Wide Web, it is impossible to succeed in today's world. The Internet also serves as a window to the world for today's students and allows them to learn about other societies and promotes global awareness. The author argues that without more governmentfunding these skills will only be available to the wealthy who attend private schools, when these skills could open up the world to all students, rich or poor.
From the Paper "The Internet allows children to learn more about themselves and the world around them. The federal government currently allocates only about six percent of the funding for public schools with state and local governments picking up the remainder of the tab. he federal government deeply affects education through its policy making, regulatory, research and development activities. The government must further support and urge local and state governments to provide Internet access to children and to foster and support initiatives and activities that will enhance the learning process utilizing the Internet. What we put in our students today, they will give back ten times tomorrow."
Abstract This paper compares governmentfunding of political parties in three democratic countries: the United States, Great Britain and France. It looks at the significance of the issue of financing political party electoral campaigns. It concludes that all three countries have implemented changes in campaign finance regulations, but considers the government as a necessary source of some of the funds for political candidates and parties, but differ on the issues that have an impact on electoral activity.
From the Paper "political party electoral campaigns has long been a subject of discussion and as significantly of controversy. Given ..."
Tags: political parties, campaign finance, France, Great Britain, United States
Abstract The arts environment in Australia has always been tenuous in terms of financial stability and working conditions for artists. The dance sector in Australia appears to be the most fragile part of the arts sector, consistently receiving lower funding than literature, music, theatre and visual arts. This paper looks at these issues focusing on both Bangarra Dance Theatre and One Extra Company.
Outline
Introduction
Background of Bangarra
Background of One Extra
Funding One Extra and Bangarra Funding Sponsorship
Working Conditions
Mid Career Artists
Creative Output of Australian Work
Artistic Vibrancy
Conclusion
From the Paper "Funding available from the NSW Ministry for the Arts for dance is the fifth lowest nationally. (Fishel, D. et al, 2004, p50) The states which receive less state funding for dance are the states with the smallest populations (South Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania and Northern Territory) and two don't have permanent dance companies (ACT & Tas). It seems illogical that NSW, a state with multiple dance companies and a large population, receives only a small amount more than these states and territories."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that since funding for school programs in the US has been so drastically reduced, art outreach programs have become absolute necessities for many communities. The writer points out that these programs also introduce not only children to art, but adults are benefiting from these programs as well. The writer explains that exposure to art at any age can bring about a transformation in an individual, giving them a window into a different world and perhaps a new window into themselves they may have never seen before. The writer concludes that outreach programs have the ability to touch entire communities and should be supported and encouraged as much as possible for their positive and long-term effect.
From the Paper "Whether the student pursues art as a career, the exposure to art and other creative concepts adds a depth to his or her experience that is essential to any well rounded education. Art education opens up certain area of thinking that is often not usually accessible under the standard curriculum of educational techniques. Sections of the brain are activated during these activities that quite often do not get much exercise in the world of the three R's. Either in self-reflection or self-expression, art is a major resource that is being poorly utilized in education at this time. A quick snapshot of the rising rate of crime and recidivism among juveniles is one of the obvious results of this.
"Although always in trouble, the crisis in art funding has been slowly building over the past decade."
Abstract This paper explains that the main hypothesis of this study is, while arts education in New Jersey is getting as much attention as it ever has, the state of New Jersey arts education has no effect either on school improvement initiatives related to arts education or on calculation of students' GPAs. The author further hypothesized that, while arts educators in New Jersey may well be feeling some dampening effects, financially or through curriculum demands, of NCLB, school districts typically do not receive funds from any outside sources, including parents groups, Booster Clubs, or local businesses to fundarts education programs. The paper includes the complete questionnaire developed by the U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, to be send to a sample consisting of 50% or more of the 604 New Jersey arts superintendents across virtually every school district in the state of New Jersey.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Restatement of Hypothesis
Sample description
Instrument
Data analysis
The Complete Questionnaire
From the Paper "The standards came into being as a result of a reform effort generated in the 1980s, emerging in several states and gaining nationwide visibility with the publication of A Nation at Risk in 19783. As a result, six national educational goals were announced in 1990. Later, with the passage of the Goals 2000: Educate America Act, the goals were written into law, naming the arts as an essential academic subject as important to education as language, mathematics, history, civics and government, geography, the sciences and foreign language ability."
Abstract This paper argues that the U.S. government has been woefully remiss in addressing the deepening crisis in the public schools. The paper argues that the government's answer is always to throw more money at the educational system in a manner that only tends to deepen the crisis. The paper maintains that the problems with the public school system lay not in the lack of money being provided by the government, but in how the funds are allotted toward public education and the criteria for eligibility of those funds.
From the Paper "There is a lot of talk today about education, specifically the problems with our Public schools. It seems no matter what the problem, the solution is always to tax the people. The message from Congress to this regard is loud and clear: We like the public school system so much that we'll tax you billions of dollars to pay for it; we'll pass laws to mandate standardized national testing and curriculums; and we'll increase the Department of Education's budget every year. However, they don't like public schools enough to send their children there. Congress thinks Public schools are a great idea for our kids, but not for theirs. The three R's of education are not reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic -- they're retreating, requiring, and rejecting. If Congresspersons aren't willing to risk their own children's futures on a failing public education system why are we?"
Abstract This paper argues that government support for the arts can have a negative impact on artists, audiences and market sectors. It discusses the problem of the government considering artistic merit based on the artist's ideology. The author also mentions the role of the National Endowment for the Arts.
From the Paper "Should governments control public funding in order to shape the arts world addressing diverse audiences and determining not only what art events are offered but also who should attend. Opinion on this issue is divided ..."
Tags:Arts, Government support, National Endowment for the Arts
Abstract This paper presents a classical argument that the current policy towards arts education is harming the arts discipline. Specifically, this paper argues that by stressing the usefulness of an arts education, policy makers and educators who are trying to get more funding are actually marginalizing and undermining the arts by making the arts into a supportive skill set rather than a discipline in its own right.
From the Paper "In today's education system, the arts are often either minimized as unimportant or are translated into a "useful" discipline on par with the sciences in order to justify continued spending on arts courses. This places educators in a difficult position. Either they must make claims that the arts are utilitarian or risk facing program cutbacks or even shut-downs of arts programs. Although policy makers and educators can gain funding in the short term by depicting arts education as practical and useful, and although there can be little doubt that the arts do have useful applications, this approach tends to marginalize and harm arts education in the long run by making the arts into an auxiliary solution rather than a valuable discipline in its own right."
Abstract This paper discusses why the current financial funding system for Amtrak doesn't work and what needs to be changed. The writer claims that Amtrak is doomed to failure, even with government subsidies, if it does not improve service, become more efficient and find ways to increase revenue not just rider-ship. It examines the type of governmentfunding which have been recieved since the 1970's and how, in the current economic climate of America, finances of Amtrack need to change.
From the Paper "Congress initially created Amtrak in 1970 as a for-profit organization, offering national rail service. It was signed into existence in 1971 and to date has never produced a profit. In 1997, Congress's Amtrak Reform and Accountability Act stipulated that the rail system had to achieve operational sufficiency by the end of 2002 and prohibits Amtrak from using any federal funds for operating expenses after fiscal 2002."
Abstract This paper focuses on Government to Citizen (G2C) transactions mainly in the US. These include citizens? services and digital democracy. The concept of electronic government is to provide services and information to citizens electronically, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. As the demand for electronic services increases, governments are challenged to provide these services to citizens. Digital democracy may be defined as any electronic exchange of value in the democratic process. The spectrum includes Online Campaigns, Internet Voting, and Constituency Participation.
What is e-government?
Citizens Services
Digital Democracy
Political Online Campaigning
Disadvantages of Web advertising
Online Fund Raising
Internet Voting
On-line Voting Initiatives
Why Internet voting?
Requirements of an Internet voting system
Security Problems meeting requirements of an Internet voting system
Implementation Problems
Vision
The Impact of the Internet on Democracy
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
Digital Divide
Conclusion ? The year 2005
Abstract This paper examines music and arts programs, explaining how they benefit students. It discusses why such programs are at risk and offers solutions for saving music and arts programs.
From the Paper "Music and arts programs have long been on the periphery in terms of receiving monetary support and the endorsement of schools. This is ostensibly because both parents and school administrators tend to regard such programs as somewhat ..."
Abstract This paper discusses, identifies and defines art films, focusing specifically on British art films of the 1980s and 1990s. The paper discusses sources of funding for the films and the importance of Peter Greenaway's films. The paper also takes a look at Greenaway as a postmodern artist.
Tags: film, art cinema, British films, Peter Greenaway
Abstract The role of the federal government in determining policies and practices in the nation's school is traced. The author contends that the federal agency's role is limited, and may involve little more than seeing that applications for funding are properly submitted, compliance or audit issues resolved and money disbursed in timely fashion.
From the Paper "Critics of federal involvement in public schools say that state and local authorities understand better what kind of standards and practices their school districts need. Some also believe that national standards or testing will inevitably lead to a national curriculum, the contents of which may be fiercely opposed by some local school boards. Finally, critics say that increased federal involvement adds another expensive bureaucratic layer to the educational system. In the United States education is supposed to be a responsibility of the sub-national governments. However, the federal government intervenes often to define curricula and standards, to grant research money, to regulate, to allocate scholarships, and so forth. This problem is, of course, not limited to the United States."
This paper is a review of literature and a proposal for research concerning superintendents of small school districts, their relationship between ethics, mandates, laws, and regulations and the process of funding school districts.
Abstract The paper states that there is a critical need for research into the relationships between alternate patterns of educational governance and the ability to mobilize human energy. The paper recommends that research should be done to show how schools can restructure many of their programs to meet the laws and regulations while meeting the needs of the schools. The paper concludes that the hypothesis of this survey research will illustrate how funds and grants should be issued, related to the individual needs of the school and the relationship with the superintendent.
From the Paper "The top ten factors that influence teachers applying for administration positions are relationship among the board, administration, and teachers; salary, community support, quality of community life, impact of the administrative position on home life, reputation of superintendent, poor working conditions, and the control of the board and the superintendent. Basically this shows that the decisions and actions of the superintendent affect stakeholders. The role of the superintendent is an important one when it comes to the district personnel and the shared vision of the school."
