Abstract This paper looks at globalization and discusses how it has exacerbated the pre-existing inequalities between the poor globalsouth and the wealthy globalnorth. It illustrates how globalization forces some people (predominantly in the southern regions of the planet) to work while permitting other people (predominantly individuals residing in the globalnorth) to become wealthy.
From the Paper "To start with, it is commonly known that powerful multinational corporations in the global north habitually take their manufacturing operations from Europe and/or America and deposit those aforementioned manufacturing operations in global south countries where they can avoid the onerous regulatory regimes, high corporate taxes, and high wage costs they associate with the north. At the same time, the movement of jobs and plants to the south has the unhappy effect of not only costing workers jobs in the north but also of reducing the south to the subordinate position of being "hewers of wood and drawers of water" for multinationals that are looking for cheap human resources that can be utilized in a working environment that is more permissive than the highly-regulated work environments of America and/or Europe. A good example of this phenomenon can be found in the IT sector where skilled U.S. workers are losing jobs to individuals overseas (Sosbe, 4) - presumably because the "cost of doing business" vis-a-vis wage expenses is lower in global south nations which do not have a strong tradition of labor activism or of government involvement in employee-employer relations."
Abstract This paper discusses the plight of women under neo-liberal globalization as outlined by Alison M. Jaggar's article, "Vulnerable Women and Neo-Liberal Globalization: Debt Burdens Undermine Women's Health in the GlobalSouth". It provides a summary description of the article and then looks at the underlying determinants exacerbating the problem of women's health in the developing parts of the world. From there, the paper briefly explores the intermediate and proximate determinants of the global health issue.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Summary Description of Global Health Issue
Underlying Determinants Explaining Why GlobalSouth Women Suffer under "Neo-Lib" Globalization Intermediate Determinants
Proximate Determinants of Why GlobalSouth Women Struggle from a Health Standpoint
Conclusion
From the Paper "At the proximate level, many women in the global south must deal with the day-to-day reality of being malnourished; to this state of affairs one must also add the poor sanitation and insufficient access to suitable drinking water that one commonly finds in impoverished lands. It is important to also realize that the absence of a meaningful education also means that many of these women are ignorant of what they should be putting into their bodies and what steps they should be taking to secure their own long-term vitality. Just to elaborate on this last point, eating disorders are not merely ubiquitous in developing lands, but have been shown to precipitate troubling health problems in their offspring, as well ("Nutrition and Reproduction in Women," 193-200). This phenomenon thus allows health maladies to be passed on from one generation of young women to the next generation of young women."
Abstract This paper discusses European colonial rule in the globalsouth. The paper argues that it is not possible to generalize about the impact of European colonial rule on the globalsouth, because that impact varies so markedly, depending upon the particular colonial power and the region in question.
From the Paper "In The Dynamics of Global Dominance David B Abernethy maintains that identifying the legacies of European rule is fraught with conceptual and methodological perils. To assert that colonialism had consequence X or Y is not to claim ..."
Tags: Africa, East Southeast Asia, Latin America, Middle-East, development, Britain, WWII, export, culture, politics, resources
Abstract This paper explains that there is a vast difference between the economic problems of the globalSouth countries and the relative economic success of the globalNorth countries. When examining the problems in the globalSouth, the author stresses the many problem areas that plague the region. The paper then points out that the globalNorth states have surplus economies, which could be of great assistance to the globalSouth. The paper concludes that the prosperous globalNorth helping the globalSouth is a win-win situation for all countries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problems that Plague the GlobalSouth The Current State of the GlobalNorth Economic Impact of Assistance from the North to the South Where Do We Go From Here?
Conclusion
From the Paper "With economic assistance from the Global North the Global South would be able to add to the global economy and with global trade become not only a participant of the global economy but a profitable one as well. The key issue is enabling the countries of the Global South to begin to profitably produce and export domestic products. Sudan, a very well know poverty riddled country, is able to produce tin but without the proper resources it has been exporting the tin at a minimal gain, nearly a loss."
Abstract This paper discusses how globalization affects and perpetuates divisions between the rich and the poor in the global community. More specifically, the paper examines the consequences of disproportionate exchanges of investment and people between different parts of the world. It links this discussion to concepts such as spatial interaction, scale, human/nature relationships and to the linkages between globalization and items such as space, place and landscape. The paper specifically analyzes the nation of Thailand and how it encapsulates the dilemmas and contradictions which comprise the phenomenon of globalization.
From the Paper "Briefly, as time permits, it would be remiss if a few minutes were not given over to how globalization impacts women even more so than men. As mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the destruction of local economies by the massive forces of globalization hits women especially hard - and, because it is hard enough for these women to get work to begin with, the feminization of poverty often follows (Seong-Won, para.2). Further, given how increases in acute poverty often spark increases in suicides and in crime rates (Seong-Won, para.2) - and given how women in developing lands are especially vulnerable to falling into acute poverty and every bit as vulnerable to the depredations of crime - it is impossible to argue against the contention that globalization saves its harshest punishment for the women of global south nations who are already on the bottom rungs of society to begin with."
Tags: developing, nations, poverty, globalization, production
Abstract This paper presents a review of "Honor and Violence is the Old South", which is actually an abridged version of Bertram Wyatt-Brown's "Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South". The book presents an objective and highly well-researched account of life for women and slaves in the South who were considered devices with which to maintain family honor. The subject of honor is studied from a historical and anthropological perspective. The author seeks to explain why white masters treated slaves in an inhumane manner and similarly how women were expected to behave in patriarchal societies of the South.
From the Paper "The author explains that there were two extremely important driving forces behind South's obsession with preservation of honor. For one, it was believed that since Northerners were the enemy, they must never be allowed to ridicule South's men of honor. It was essentially a defensive tactic that helped South keep its head high against a more sophisticated, civilized and successful enemy. In the antebellum period, South was mainly an agrarian society while North had become a major industrial force. It was clear that South's economy was waning with most immigrants settling in Northern region and contributing to the development of industries there. Cotton plantations were one of the main sources of income for the rich South and with decrease in its production, South was losing to North on the economic front."
Abstract The paper presents Antony Anghie's argument that there exists a historical continuity from the colonialist imperialist period through the European mandates of the League of Nations. This leads to the current disciplinary neoliberal globalization dominated by the WTO, World Bank and IMF in which the GlobalSouth has been the victim. The paper considers that this is an apparently clear and simple argument. However, this essay argues with reference to other critiques of the global political economic system in the past and also contends that the complexity of this continuum of hegemony theorized by Anghie is extraordinary, given its capacity to dominate and exploit over decades of time.
Abstract In this article, the writer looks at the extraordinary impact of globalization upon the modern world. The writer argues that, while certainly not perfect, the permeable borders globalization makes possible is a key ingredient in making the globalsouth and the entire developing world more prosperous than ever before. The writer maintains that more than that, the technologies associated with globalization - and their dispersal - will surely go a very long way towards reducing environmental degradation in developing lands. The writer concludes that while far from perfect, globalization does bind nations together in a manner that lessens the risk of warfare and strife and the growth of foreign direct investment and comparatively well-paying jobs in facilities built by wealthy foreign multinationals offers families in developing lands economic opportunities they would not have otherwise.
From the Paper "On the other hand, John A. Powell and S.P. Udayakumar claim that globalization has benefited the global north extravagantly while doing far less for those in the South. Additionally, the aforementioned writers argue that the United States, as the world's one great super-power, has pushed for a global trade agenda that is inimical to the interests of labour at home and abroad. As they see it, the USA has used its disproportionate power in international bodies such as the International Monetary Fund to push for the liberalization of trade and investment at the expense of environmental and labour-force concerns. As well, those same authors insist that democracy suffers in large measure because powerful global institutions committed to furthering the goals of capital effectively undermine the efficacy of the state while, at the same time, globalization prompts the state to serve the bidding of organized capital."
Abstract This paper poses a question to students of international affairs concerning the ways in which their course work in the politics of continental crisis in Africa intersects with the social economic and intellectual re-colonization of the globalSouth by the globalNorth. The paper also asks whether or not it is possible to create a non-colonizing engagement with the politics and peoples of the globalSouth as students and intellectuals studying at York University in Canada.
Abstract This paper begins with a brief description of the country of South Korea, including area size, population, culture, economy and neighbouring regions. The paper then continues with a discussion of the impact of globalisation on South Korea and the part South Korea plays in the global economy. The writer comments on the overall effects of South Korea's relationship with its northern adversary, North Korea and how this impacts on the globalisation of its economy.
From the Paper "South Korea is found on the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, sharing its only border with North Korea. Other neighbours are Japan, 200 kilometres across Korea Strait, as well as China and Russia only a few hundred kilometres to its north. South Korea's total land area is 98,190 sq km and total population of 48,289,037. Its natural resources include coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential, and Korea makes $172.6 Billion from exports and spends $160.5 Billion on Imports."
Abstract This paper discusses foreign policy in South Korea and how it was affected by the Korean War, noting that the foreign policy of South Korea after the war was greatly influenced by the conflict between North and South. The Korean War forged close ties between South Korea and the United States, and the threat from the North shaped the way south Korea responded to many other parts of the world, especially to any other Communist country that might be seen as providing aid to the North.
From the Paper "South Korea and North Korea have been divided since the end of World War II. The foreign policy of South Korea after the war was greatly influenced by the conflict between North and South. The Korean War forged close ties between South Korea and the United States, and the threat from the North shaped the way south Korea responded to many other parts of the world, especially to any other Communist country that might be seen as providing aid to the North."
Abstract This paper argues that globalization is neo-colonialism or a politically correct term for imperialism. The institutions of globalization and its engines, MNCs, and international financial institutes, do promote the oppression and exploitation of the South by the North. However, the paper argues that these countries ultimately participated in their own oppression. They signed the trade treaties, and they participated in the creation of the WTO. To be realistic, it is important to realize that globalization, at least for now, is here to stay. The paper shows, therefore, that it is up to the Third World countries to find the ways and means by which to regain sovereignty or to rebel against their political economic oppression.
From the Paper "Even though the exploitative nature of MNC operations appears quite clear, not all political economists accept that MNCs do have such power and authority over host economies so as to function as engines of neo-imperialism. Robert Gilpin, for example, argues the issue of MNCs from a statist point of view, claiming that while they may be extremely powerful, they are ultimately less powerful than political systems. In fact, Gilpin states that multinational corporations are shaped by, and do not shape, state politics. This may have been true for a limited time in the sense that it was the political and economic climate of certain countries that gave birth to multinational corporations but, with the growing economic power of MNCs, the relationship changed. It is inarguable that MNCs abuse host economies and exploit the local people and natural resources due to the fact that they have become more powerful than many of the countries they operate in."
Abstract The paper discusses how the three films; "Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Prices," "The Corporation" and "Manufacturing Consent" together offer extensive insights into the plight of modern labor within the context of the globalizing economy. Globalization is vaunted by its proponents as being good for everyone; a wonderful win-win situation for corporations, labor, capital consumers, the GlobalNorth and the GlobalSouth.
Abstract This paper explains that intense collaboration between the Mexican companies and government and foreign investors has led to an extension of Mexico's international relationships, a more liberalized free market and a sustained process of globalization. The author stresses that Mexico's highly industrialized regions have enjoyed the attraction of a wide range of foreign investors, which significantly improved the quality of work and life in these regions; however, those regions, which are not industrialized and do not attract investors, have been left behind. The paper stresses that the most severe criticism brought against globalization is that it contributes to a uneven income distribution and the deepening gap between northern and southern Mexico, problems that existed long before NAFTA and globalization.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Economic Background
Globalization in Mexico
Economic Effects
Beneficial Effects
Creation of Jobs
Profit Distribution
Increased Living Standards
Investments
Negative Effects
Conclusion
From the Paper "Prior to the elections of 1994, soon to be former Mexico President, Carlos Salinas, implemented economic policies that were meant to drive the Mexican economy towards neo-liberalism and globalization. But a large part of the population disagreed with the new policies and, represented by the ELZN (Zapatista Army of National Liberalization), organized both violent and non-violent rebellions against the government. These rebellions, the already declining Mexican economy, investors' decreased interest and trust in an unstable economic climate, high levels of corruption and financial authorities' refusal to devalue the national currency peso threw the country in an economic crisis."
Tags: investment, north, south, nafta, distribution
Abstract This paper reviews the global tourism industry as one of the largest transnational industries of the modern world. In networks stretching from the richest and most developed nations of the globalnorth, to the poorest developing nations of the globalsouth, the tourism industry employs millions of people with annual revenues in the billions of dollars. The paper further discusses how this industry is particularly significant in the economies of many poorer countries, such as those of the Caribbean basin, where the revenues provided from tourism are frequently - as in the case of Jamaica - the primary source of foreign exchange for the country.
