Abstract
This paper reviews five reasons why dispossessed and oppressed individuals should have a voice in society. Specifically, the paper looks at the social costs that attend failing to pay attention to the needs of these individuals and at the poor public policy that flows from ignoring the dispossessed. Finally, the paper explores the ethical and moral issues that come with overlooking the less-fortunate and considers the impact upon the reputation of a society if it fails to offer social justice in its own land while hectoring others abroad about their human rights record.

From the Paper
"At the level of the individual, the costs associated with not heeding the voices of the down-trodden can be very grim, indeed. For one thing, people who struggle with their sense of self and who lack a strong sense of self-empowerment are people who are much more susceptible to thoughts of suicide (Martin, 2006). At the same time, people who feel as though they cannot change their lives for the better - in no small measure because no one seems to care what they think - are people who are very much likely to fall prey to mental illness - such as depression (Laitinen et al, 2006). Thus, there are compelling reasons why, at the level of the individual, people need to be given a sense that they are not viewed as ciphers by others and that their needs will be accepted as genuine."

Tags:community, dispossessed, maltreatment, support

Abstract
This paper examines how the author Joseph Smith "gives voice" to the dead through his writings, and the limitations that are inherent within such writings. The author Thomas Paine is also used to expand upon this topic.

Abstract
This paper reviews "Pedagogy of the Oppressed," the most widely known work of educator Paulo Freire. The paper explores the educational concepts of the banking method, the problem-solving method, and "false consciousness." The paper also explains that education is a very important part of a social system in that one can't help but perceive, think or act according to the kind of education one receives. The paper concludes that, by addressing the vital area of education, the part of the social system that determines what kind of human being we become, Freire was able to give voice to the victims and shake up those who were perpetuating the crippling condition.

From the Paper
"Freire argues that the banking method makes automatons of students and stifles creative thinking, thus depriving them of a real opportunity to learn. Learning becomes mechanical, where the teachers are the depositors of information and the students mere receptacles of this information. No dialogue takes place between the two, and there is, therefore, no exchange of ideas. There is, in fact, a dichotomy created, the worst of which is that the teacher knows everything and the students know nothing. The students are treated as mere objects with blank, manageable minds where reality can simply be regulated. Naturally, Freire argues that this kind of education does not give anyone the chance to think for himself. The student is thus deprived of the chance to develop and harness the potential to dramatically become world transformers."

Tags:oppression, education, poor, poverty

Abstract
This paper discusses the political background of civil society in Kenya, gives a summary of civil society responses to counter-terrorism measures in Kenya and the UK and concludes by recommending some urgent measures that civil society must institute to enable a more viable response to the changes and challenges brought about by post 9/11 security narratives. The author proposes a series of pointers which together form a strategy for a more effective and viable response from civil society to counter-terrorism measures that in many instances have an overall effect of limiting civil liberties and violating human rights.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
Political context of civil society in Kenya
The post NARC era
The problem statement
The objective
Key findings, objectives and reflections
Summary of CS responses to CTM in Kenya
Summary of CS responses to CTM in UK
Conclusions and recommendations
Conclusions
Recommendations and a proposed strategy for CS

From the Paper
"Civil liberties in Kenya have never really been embraced unreservedly by the establishment elite. Between 1964 and 1990 Kenya's constitution has been amended over 20 times by parliament primarily with the intention of strengthening the presidency at the expense of civil liberties Previous governments under presidents Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel Arap Moi used the constitution as a political tool to extend and entrench their rule. During the early years of independence up to Kenyatta's death in 1978 the constitutional and legal changes were fast tracked to allow for greater political expediency, stifling of any political dissent and the creation of what has come to be know as an imperial presidency. Opposition parties like KPU -Kenya Peoples Union were banned and their leaders incarcerated without trial. Moi's tenure as president was not very different. People who challenged the state like Koigi Wamwere and others were jailed detained or sometimes killed. The 1982 coup attempt by some junior air force personnel created even greater impetus for Moi to put in place even more stringent measures against dissent and political opposition of any kind and Kenya became a de-jure one party authoritarian state. "

Tags:kenya UK civil terrorism, human rights, war on terror

Abstract
This paper discusses gift giving in different cultures. The tradition of giving gifts varies in different countries. Also, when you receive gifts there is the problem of finding the right way to reciprocate. It is important to know the various cultures in different countries when it comes to gift giving and reciprocity.

Tags:reciprocity, gift giving

Abstract
In this essay, the voice of the narrator in Wilfred Owen's World War I poem "Futility" is explicated. Three of the aspects of the poet/narrator's voice that are examined are his gentleness, his tiredness, and his anger. Each of these qualities is used to show the fuller picture of the poem and of what Owen is trying to say and describe about death, war, and the world in which he lived.

From the Paper
"In the chapter of 'Introduction to Literature, Criticism, and Theory' on the topic of voice, Andrew Bennett and Nicholas Royle make the claim that literature is "the space in which, more than anywhere else, the power, beauty and strangeness of the voice is both evoked and bodied forth". The point that is being made is that in literature, the voice being used to give the information, to tell the tale, to speak to the reader is much more important than the voice used on a cereal box or in a car owner's manual. The person or persons who are the voice are just as much a part of the reading experience as the letters on the page are. As Bennett and Royle add, "reading literary texts involves hearing extraordinary voices"."

Tags:wilfredowen, poetry, voice

Abstract
In this article, the writer considers Mitel and Vonage and their approaches to VOIP (voice over IP). The writer includes future outlook of integrated voice messaging services, and future trends. The writer looks at the two different business models of the companies.

From the Paper
"When the Internet moved from educational institutions and government departments into more widespread use it was largely a text-based medium. Today advances in telecommunications and bandwidth make it possible for much more information to be sent over the Internet far more quickly than in the past. Voice over Internet protocol or VOIP has gained a high level of acceptance as companies and individuals take advantage of the speed and quality of voice transmission and also benefit from a lower cost structure-particularly ..."

Tags:voip, voice over internet protocol, vonage, mitel, telecommunications

Abstract
This paper discusses that there are many reasons why the wealthy have a greater voice in America, and one of the most significant of them is campaign finance laws. The writer points out that these enable wealthy Americans to have much greater influence in political and governmental affairs because these laws allow them to contribute huge amounts of money to political candidates, who then feel obligated to lower taxes on the wealthiest Americans and pass laws favorable to big business owners, bankers, and stock market investors.

From the Paper
"Ultimately, the candidates who raise the most campaign money from wealthy contributors are the likeliest to get elected, where they will be in the position to reward their wealthy contributors with favorable legislation."

Tags:wealthy, voice

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the cell phone on modern day society. The paper explains that with the increase in usage of mobile phones, comes new problems and the need for rules and regulations. The paper points out that when used properly, cell phones can connect people with business, important information, and other people, but when used too often, cell phones can cause us harm and work to weaken our socialization skills.

From the Paper
"Cell phones are becoming increasingly popular to people all over the world. "With the cell phone's debut in 1984, 92,000 early adapters raced to own one. Twenty years later, it is now estimated that more than 171 million Americans use a cell phone" (Sellman 60). When cell phones were first introduced, they were bulky, expensive, and had a limited operating life and range. But now cell phone reception, battery life, operating locations, and various options have improved. Cell phones are not as bulky anymore. In fact, some are downright tiny and incredibly light. Cell phones are being incorporated with everything today. Automotive makers are finding ways to have built-in cell phone holders and charging stations. Cell phone producers are trying to find more and more ways to pack music, video, pictures, internet, and business software into the cell phone."

Tags:mobile, phone, driving, hazards, internet, sms, voice, message

Abstract
The paper looks at four articles that address the strategies presently being employed in the ongoing effort to help voice output communications assist those who are severely disabled or handicapped in some way. After briefly discussing the pertinent aspects and findings of each study, the paper briefly concludes by noting how the writer of this summary would apply these technologies to the educational environment within which he operates.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at four articles that address the strategies presently being employed in the ongoing effort to help voice output communications assist those who are severely disabled or handicapped in some way. After briefly discussing the pertinent aspects and findings of each study, the paper will briefly conclude by noting how the writer of this summary would apply these technologies to the educational environment within which he operates."

Tags:voice, output, communications