Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that gestational diabetes affects only a very small percentage of all pregnant mothers. The writer further notes that pregnancy-induced hypertension is found in about the same proportion of pregnant mothers as is gestational diabetes. The writer points out that weight gain during pregnancy predicts very high risk for gestational diabetes, along with other problems such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, Cesarean section and stillbirth. The writer provides a literature review and discusses whether there is a link between gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension so that they can be treated together. The writer maintains that the treatment of women with gestational diabetes, along with health teaching, which involves dietary advice, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy, results in a reduction of serious perinatal outcomes such as death or bone fracture. Other benefits include improved health-related quality of life among women with gestational diabetes, both during the antenatal period and three months after birth, as well as a possible reduction in the incidence of postnatal depression.

Outline:
Introduction
Background
Literature Review
Analysis

From the Paper
"Haakova and Cibula found in their retrospective study with data obtained from medical records that women who have polycystic ovary syndrome, which is a common endocrine disorder, that there are no important differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes or of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Even though the two groups in the study were matched for age, weight, family history, and patient history, both gestational diabetes and hypertension were similar for those groups. However, as these researchers note, a high incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension has been found in several other studies of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, so that there may be a link between hyperinsulinaemia and hypertension during pregnancy.
"Lifestyle interventions also constitute the primary treatment for gestational diabetes."

Tags:weight, glucose, patients, birth

Abstract
This paper focuses on the disease of gestational diabetes, which affects only a very small percentage (approximately four percent) of all pregnant mothers. The paper explains that these mothers mainly are found among ethnic groups. Pregnancy-induced hypertension is found in about the same proportion of pregnant mothers as is gestational diabetes. Obesity and overweight are the key issues in gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension The paper concludes that while low gestational weight gain is linked with perinatal mortality and small infants, excessive gestational weight gain is linked with large infants and macrosomia; gestational diabetes does not cause nearly the problems that other complications of pregnancy bring about, but it will cause difficulties for both mother and child.

From the Paper
"Gestational diabetes affects only a very small percentage (approximately four percent) of all pregnant mothers. In addition, those mothers mainly are found among ethnic groups (American Diabetes Association, 2007). Pregnancy-induced hypertension is found in about the same proportion of pregnant mothers as is gestational diabetes. Obesity and overweight are the key issues in gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension (Walling, 2006; Crowther & Hiller, 2005; Jones & Bercier, 2002; Villamor, ..."

Tags:pregnancy, hypertension, childbearing, obesity, health

Abstract
The paper relates that when a woman has extra body weight during pregnancy, serious and even life-threatening problems can be posed both for the mother and infant (Roszak, 2004). The paper discusses how obesity during pregnancy leads to high risk of fetal macrosomia and medical complications which include cesarean delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and gestational diabetes (Baeten & Bukusi, 2001). The paper reveals that almost one-half of all women of childbearing age are either overweight or obese, and obesity is a trend as observed in increasing prevalence. The paper notes that a corresponding trend is for doctors to view overweight and obesity as the same and involving the same risks and the perspective of the women is basically ignored as C-section is regularly presented to them as an emergency need.

From the Paper
"When a woman has extra body weight during pregnancy, serious and even life-threatening problems can be posed both for the mother and infant (Roszak, 2004). Obesity during pregnancy leads to high risk of fetal macrosomia and medical complications which include cesarean delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and gestational diabetes (Baeten & Bukusi, 2001). Almost one-half of all women of childbearing age are either..."

Tags:obesity, c, section, outcomes

Abstract
This paper discusses gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The paper explains this type of diabetes as a condition with serious implications of adverse effects upon both the maternal and fetal health. The paper examines the benefits of pre-screening for GDM during pregnancy.
Outline
Abstract
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Brief Historical Overview of GDM Screening
Literature Review
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance that varies in severity and is characterized by onset during pregnancy. Nutritional intervention is the best management solution for the condition of GDM which incidentally is one of the most common complications in pregnancy in terms of medical complications. However, lack of treatment places both mother and child at risk screening for GDM is the current practice in medicine. There is a stated 6.4% mortality rate for untreated GDM in pregnancies of women over the age of 25 years old compared to the rate of 1.5% in women with normal glucose tolerance. This condition is one that develops as a result of the woman's pancreases failing to produce enough insulin for her needs. "

Tags:pregnancy, glucose, insulin

Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is an illness that occurs during pregnancy that can cause many complications and can dramatically affect the health of the mother and the newborn child if not properly treated. This paper provides an analysis of the causes of gestational diabetes and concentrates on the effects that the disease can have on the health of the newborn. Finally, nursing interventions are discussed in relation to the outcomes of the illness for the mother and her child.

From the Paper
"For women that are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, it is important that they begin their course of treatment as soon as possible. The mother must closely monitor her blood glucose levels in the range of 4 to 7 times per day to accurately assess her situation (24). According to D?Arrigo (106), "The first line of treatment in gestational diabetes consists of dietary control and exercise." All pregnant women with the disease should strongly consider nutritional counseling by a registered licensed dietitian based on maternal height and weight, and the proposed diet should allow sufficient caloric intake and must be consistent with maternal glucose goals (24). Women must maintain adequate levels of protein, iron, and folic acid, and the diet must be restricted and culturally acceptable (Hart 1). If the pregnancy is otherwise uncomplicated, the expectant mother should engage in light exercise in order to promote good health habits."

Tags:blood, sugar, glucose, glyburide

Abstract
This paper discusses that diabetes is a chronic illness that favors no single age group or single sex. The writer notes that there are several kinds of diabetes, called Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. The writer points out that the body of a person who has diabetes does not process sugars for their use as energy. Further, the writer mentions that the cause of diabetes is not known, although obesity and a sedentary life style may play some part. This paper examines some of the symptoms and treatment of diabetes.

From the Paper
"Diabetes is a chronic illness that favors no single age group or single sex. There are several kinds of diabetes, called Type 1 diabetes (also known as Juvenile diabetes) and Type 2 diabetes (also known as Adult-Onset diabetes), and gestational diabetes. The body of a person who has diabetes does not process sugars for their use as energy. The cause of diabetes is not known, although obesity and a sedentary life style may play some part. Type 1 diabetes is most common in children and adolescents. It results when the body fails to produce the insulin it needs to process glucose. It is characterized by hyper- and hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and celiac disease. Complications include heart disease, blindness, and nerve and kidney damage. Type 1 diabetes is treated with insulin. Type 2 diabetes is the more common form of diabetes."

Tags:diabetes, symptoms, treatment

Abstract
The paper explains that the three main types of diabetes are type 1, which is usually found among children and young adults, type 2, which is usually associated with obesity in teenagers and adults, and gestational diabetes, which is related to pregnancy. The author stresses that often types 2 diabetes goes undiagnosed, yet it can lead to serious complications; therefore, knowing the symptoms of diabetes is important. The paper points out that, when diabetes is left untreated or not treated properly, serious complications can develop, such as damage to the retina, kidneys and nerves. The author relates that several types of medications are available depending on the person, type of diabetes and blood sugar levels.

Table of Contents:
Definition of Diabetes
Symptoms of Diabetes
Review of Diabetes in the Past and Present
Medications
Complications of Diabetes

From the Paper
"The National Institute of Health has created a fact sheet showing how the medical world has made changes from the past to the present. Thirty years ago, or in the 1950's, twenty percent of the people diagnosed with diabetes Type I would die within twenty years after first being diagnosed. Now, only 3.5 percent of people diagnosed with the disease die within twenty years of the diagnosis. Thirty years ago, researchers did not know the importance of glucose control to prevent debilitating eye, nerve, kidney, heart, and blood vessel complications of the diseases. "

Tags:autoimmune pancreas infection, blood sugar, glucose

Abstract
This paper is a case analysis of a 71-year old female patient suffering from type 2 diabetes, as well as hyperlipedemia and hypertension. The paper utilizes the Pender's Health Promotion Model as a framework for discussing interventions.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to utilize Pender's Health Promotion Model as a framework for discussing interventions for a 71 year-old white female suffering from Type II Diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The conceptual framework of Pender's model..."

Tags:case study, Diabetes, Pender

hyperlipedemia

hypertension

type 2 diabetes

Abstract
the paper relates that Mrs. K is a 46-year-old female with type 2 diabetes who also has hypertension and high cholesterol. The paper mentions that she is very overweight and gets almost no exercise, she smokes because she is bored, and she is on many medications such as Metformin and Pioglitazone. The paper explains that Pioglitazone is another oral anti-diabetic, Vasotec is an ACE inhibitor for hypertension and Avapro is an ARB blocker for hypertension. The paper discusses how she is also on Atorvastatin which reduces cholesterol synthesis and therefore results in lower cholesterol levels, Starlix helps the body to release more insulin from the pancreas which will help to lower the blood sugar, and Byetta allows insulin to work more effectively.

From the Paper
"Pertinent health history: Mrs. K is a 46-year-old female with type 2 diabetes who also has hypertension and high cholesterol. She is very overweight and gets almost no exercise. She smokes because she is bored. She is on many medications such as Metformin and Pioglitazone. Pioglitazone is another oral anti-diabetic. Vasotec is an ACE inhibitor for hypertension and Avapro is an ARB blocker for hypertension. She is also on Atorvastatin which reduces cholesterol synthesis and therefore results in lower cholesterol levels. Starlix helps the body to release more insulin from the pancreas which..."

Tags:diabetes, drugs, effects

Abstract
This research examines the diabetes epidemic among African- Americans; the broad range of risk and structural factors that contribute to the disease onset in this population group. The paper focuses on the African-American population, disproportionately affected by diabetes. This study effort emphasizes the necessity for equal application and implementation of health care interventions in the context of disease populations, disease management of the most common, costly and complex treatable diseases, as well as, chronic conditions with the greatest disparities in care.

Outline:
Abstract
I. Diabetes in People of Color
i) Understanding
ii) Aims and Objectives
iii) One Voice Counts
II. Review of Relevant and/or Related References

From the Paper
"On an average, African Americans are 1.8 times more likely to have diabetes than whites of similar age. For every six whites with diabetes, 10 African Americans have diabetes, accompanied with a 27 percent higher mortality rate. Nearly 3.2 million (13.3 %) of all African Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes and suffer from higher rates of serious complications, which include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, nervous system disease, amputations, neuropathy, dental disease, and complication of pregnancy. Diabetes, one of the most common and costly health problems, is also among the most preventable diseases."

Tags:insulin, heart, disease, stroke, high, blood, pressure, blindness, kidney, disease, nervous, system, amputations, neuropathy, dental, complication, pregnancy