Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most intriguing and interesting aspects of George Lamming's "In the Castle of My Skin" is his variety of narrative forms: 1) the first-person autobiographical account of the character G., 2) the third-person account of the conversations between the Old Man (Pa) and the Old Woman (Ma) and 3) the third-person account, which relates wider activities to describe the consciousness of the village as a whole. The author points out that, although the Caribbean world of G with its colonial brutality, extreme poverty and slavery may be very different from most of the readers' daily lives filled with luxuries, stability and freedom, it does not take long to become involved in the experience. The paper stresses that book may have been written some time ago, but the world it conveys unfortunately exists today; unfortunately, the class system and one people empowering others is not a thing of the past.

From the Paper
"Lamming uses the varied narrations to show the many ways that colonialism impacts the individuals and their society. In an interview, he once explained that he uses the different narratives to show the type of suppression that occurred to the villagers. It was not a physical destruction of the body, rather a mental destruction of the mind. He notes, "The result was a fractured consciousness, a deep split in its sensibility which now raised difficult problems of language and values; the whole issue of cultural allegiance between imposed norms of White Power, represented by a small numerical minority, and the fragmented memory of the African masses: between white instruction and Black imagination." The narrative approaches are thus likewise divided and splintered to break away from the wholeness and self-esteem felt by someone who is not controlled by others from the outside."

Tags:first-person, third-person, narrative, class, village

Abstract
This paper traces two shifts in feminist criticism as it relates to Caribbean literature, primarily George Lamming's 1953 novel, "In the Castle of My Skin". The paper discusses the historical and cultural context of the novel and critical responses to it. It also looks at the feminist critical response.

Tags:Caribbean literature

feminist critique, Lamming

womanism

Lamming

coming-of-age novel

colonialism

neocolonialism

Abstract
The paper summarizes George Kennan's argument in "The Sources of Soviet Conduct."

From the Paper
"In ..., in an article signed by X, George F Kennan described the nexus between ideology and circumstances in the Soviet Union. Titled "The Sources of Soviet Conduct", Kennan's article asserted that the ideological underpinnings of Soviet communism were influenced dramatically by the actual circumstances of the revolution in which power became concentrated in the hands of dictators like Josef Stalin who were unable to tolerate the emergence of rival political forces. An ideology based on an ongoing proletarian revolution to..."

Tags:George Kennan, Soviet Union

Abstract
The paper relates that first published in 1949, George Orwell's "1984" continues to function as a blueprint for ideological evil. The paper discusses how the monstrousness of Stalinism and Nazism, which in Orwell's day were very active political disasters, fuelled the author's insights. The paper asserts that since World War II, the terrors of spastic ideology and hyper-violent complacency occur in many effective dystopian novels (such as Burgess' seminal "A Clockwork Orange") but what sets 1984 above Burgess' book is its comprehensive understanding of the moral failure implicit in any totalitarian state; from the intimate nature of Winston Smith's brainwashing in Room 101, to his interrogator's demands for a belief that suits Big Brother, the reader gets a full understanding of how tyrants shape the thinking of a populace through Doublethink.

From the Paper
"First published in 1949, George Orwell's "1984" continues to function as a blueprint for ideological evil. The monstrousness of Stalinism and Nazism, which in Orwell's day were very active political disasters, fuelled the author's insights. Since World War II, the terrors of spastic ideology and hyper-violent complacency occur in many effective dystopian novels (such as Burgess' seminal "A Clockwork Orange") but what sets "1984" above Burgess' book is its comprehensive understanding of the moral failure implicit in any totalitarian state; from the intimate nature of Winston Smith's brainwashing in Room 101, to his interrogator's demands for a belief that..."

Tags:orwell's 1984, contemporary politcs, darfur

Abstract
The paper examines George Schuyler's "Black No More" that illustrates how race in America is used to reinforce capitalism. The paper discusses Dr. Crookman's treatment of whitening the skins of Blacks that eventually recreates the same racial hierarchy among society. The paper therefore points out how Schuyler saw race as an artificial divide, with the real issues rooted in class struggle.

From the Paper
"Schuyler's opinion that African Americans and Caucasian Americans are much more alike than different, is illustrated in his novel Black No More. Schuyler posits the invention of a machine which can use "electrical nutrition and glandular control" (11) to change Blacks into Caucasians. Dr. Crookman's process doesn't just lighten the skin, its participants also gain Anglo features and blonde hair. With this bizarre premise, Schuyler envisions African Americans scurrying to have the process done. With an ever-shrinking Black population, Schuyler demonstrates the cultural resonance of Dr. Crookman's invention. Specifically, Schuyler shows how American capitalist society is threatened, and how the power structures therefore adapt to the change."

Tags:Dr., Crookman, African-Americans, Caucasians, class, society

Abstract
This paper explains that, at the beginning of George Orwell's "Animal Farm", Napoleon is nothing more than a normal pig; his day is dictated by Mr. Jones, the farmer and Napoleon's owner; but, after Major makes his speech about a revolution, Napoleon begins a transformation from normal pig to a pig, which cannot be distinguished from humans. The author points out that, although his dynamic transformation is not a quick overnight change, its progress can be tracked through the novel at specific points starting when Napoleon and Snowball organize Major's thoughts into animalism;at this time, Napoleon establishes many of the doctrines that he himself will later alter or violate. The paper relates that, when the revolution begins, Napoleon will not communicate with any two-legged creature; but, by the end of the novel, Napoleon not only talks to them but also cannot be distinguished from them.

From the Paper
"Later in the novel, Napoleon begins to invite some of the neighboring farmers over to the farmhouse, where Napoleon now sleeps - another violation of the commandments. He also drinks alcohol occasionally, he wears clothes, and he walks on two legs - violations of the commandments, making Napoleon into an enemy. Napoleon says that he is discussing farming techniques as well as other discussions that deal with the running of the farm. Napoleon shows his dynamic characteristics again at this time because at the beginning of the story Napoleon aids in driving Mr. Jones out of the farm, and now he invites humans onto the farm to eat and discuss techniques. "Napoleon is the consummate power monger, who, not surprisingly, becomes a reinvention of Mr. Jones." "

Tags:owner, humans, transformation, animalism, communication

Abstract
This paper explains that, although George Orwell's novel "1984" is essentially a fictional projection of possibilities and "what if" scenarios, the foundations of "1984" stem from the author's personal experiences and insights into the way governments and political groups manipulate and even construct the truth to suit their own ends in an effort to gain and maintain power. The author points out that the central theme of Orwell's book is power and control and the loss of human individualism and freedom; 'Big Brother' is the all pervasive observer who inserts the state and party into every aspect of life. The paper relates that aspects of the book resonate of modern society: The use of the word "terrorist" as 'newspeak', surveillance and control mechanisms implemented under the guise of 'security', the concept of the 'relativity of truth' and the idea that 'war is peace'.

From the Paper
"While the story is fictional, there are numerous areas and themes that seem to have an all too familiar correspondence with modern life and with the contemporary history of American politics. American history is saturated with evidence that points to the need for power and control. This can be seen in the way in which the Native American Indians were abused and their culture virtually annihilated under the rubric of advancement and progress. A more contemporary example, which is aligned to the subtle manipulation of the media for purposes of public manipulation through the use of the words like 'terror' and 'terrorism' which is, we could say, part of the real world Newspeak vocabulary."

Tags:manipulation, power, control, brother, individualism

Abstract
This paper provides a brief biographical account of George Orwell's life and looks at what experiences he had that instilled in him a concern for the working class. A summary and explanation of the theme of "1984" is then presented, followed by a critical evaluation.

From the Paper
"George Orwell's last novel, 1984, was released in 1949. The world was still reeling from the effects of World War II and the Soviet Union was emerging as the next great threat to world security. That same year, the Western world watched as the Soviet Union exploded the first atomic bomb, sparking forty years of the Cold War. Supporters of capitalism and democracy quickly hailed the book as a warning about the dangers of totalitarian and Communist regimes."

Tags:big, brother, ministry, of, truth, winston, julia, totalitarianism, party, love, london

Abstract
George Orwell's discourse on the political and social significance of the modern English writing is the primary theme shown in his essay, "Politics and the English Language," (1945). The paper shows that in this discourse, Orwell discusses the faults of modern English language regarding the gradual spread of vagueness and insincerity in the meaning of prose text. The paper shows Orwell's proposed solutions to this problem of vagueness in the English language, especially with regard to political writings. To convey Orwell's idea of poor English prose, this paper analyzes Abraham Lincoln's "The Gettysburg Address," delivered in 1863 as the President's reaction to the ongoing Civil War during that period.

From the Paper
"For Orwell, thought must definitely determine language, and not the other way around. This means that there must first be clarity and sincerity of thought before effective writing will take place. This way, problems of vagueness will be avoided, an element of writing that results to insincerity. This means that the use of elaborate explanations to express a feeling or thought is an ineffective way of explaining and describing these thoughts, and Orwell suggests that long and elaborate sentences must be replaced with short, concise ones, where meaning will become clearer to the audience. While avoiding an imposition of definite rules in English writing and composition, Orwell enumerated and discussed the common mistakes and faults that prose writers commit in expressing their thoughts on important issues, especially those that are political and social in nature."

Tags:patriotism, freedom

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of George Orwell's use of animal characters in his novel, "Animal Farm." The use of animals as metaphor is also detailed. The author looks at the political environment at the time the book was written and at the message the author was trying to convey to his readers.

From the Paper
"Animals are not simply seen as innocent. Common stereotypes about animals tie into their roles in the story nicely. For example, in many countries pigs are often seen as lazy and greedy animals that like to hog resources. Fittingly, in the novel we are told that first the milk and apples, prized delicacies among the animals, were taken by the pigs, with the false explanation that "milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig" (27). Later, the pigs award themselves the privilege of waking up an hour after all the other animals and sleeping in "very comfortable beds", and they again spread propaganda and create false reasons for their actions (50)."

Tags:characters, ideals, propaganda, purges, stalin, totalitarian, animals, simplicity, human, sterotype, regime, vices, rebellion, ideals