Abstract
The paper discusses how in today's modern world, one would like to think that discrimination is receding into a vision of the past, and with last year's historic election, racism does seem to finally be on the decline within the United States, which for generations had been plagued with the ugly mark that was racial oppression and prejudice. The paper asserts that gender discrimination should be in the list of bigot practices which are falling out of favor, yet unfortunately, it is not. Much to this writer's surprise, gender discrimination is in full force within the continual existence of the gender wage gap (GWG) within the American economy.

Tags:gender wage gap, discrimination, personal response

Abstract
This paper examines gender wage discrimination. The paper discusses the pay differences between men and women in Canada today and the struggle of women to attempt to minimize these wage differences. It then analyzes material attempts to explain and measure the extent of the gender wage gap.

From the Paper
" The Gender Wage Gap in Canada: An Analysis of Implications It is an unfortunate reality that Canadian working women today are being paid an average of seventeen-percent less than Canadian men for equivalent jobs. In response to this gender wage discrimination, there have been several attempts to explain and measure the extent of the gender wage gap. In definitive terms, the male-female average wage differential can be expressed as the difference in average endowments evaluated at the male of female pay structure and the difference in returns evaluated at the male or female average endowment."

Tags:gender, wage, discrimination

Abstract
This paper analyzes what appears to be ensuring the continuation of the gender wage gap in Canada. It specifically analyzes the theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber in order to determine the differences between the genders and thus the reasons for the gender wage gap. The paper concludes that neither Marx nor Weber provide acceptable explanations for today's culture.

From the Paper
"Weber's theories also do not offer a blueprint for us to follow today. Weber saw the differences between men and women as natural, and would not have any problem with the gender wage gap. In fact, he would no doubt see it as normal and natural. Indeed, it follows from Weber's theories that - as sex differences are natural - so too are differences in type of work, and pay. Thus, the implication of accepting Weber's theories would be to simply accept the gender wage gap as reflecting the natural differences between men and women. It is argued that this is not at all acceptable today. Moreover, Weber would not have foreseen that men would play increasingly large roles in the lives of their children. If he were around today, he would find the idea of single fathers unbelievable, and also he would find the idea of working mothers (working in the paid work force) unbelievable."

Tags:employment, Bill, of, Rights, freedom, equality

Abstract
The paper reveals that even though Canada has the Canadian Bill of Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, women still continue to earn less money than men. The paper explores what is ensuring the continuation of the gender wage gap.

From the Paper
"Canada has the Canadian Bill of Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to ensure that there is no discrimination within our society. So we can expect that women and men are treated the same, and are paid the same for their work, right? Wrong! If we look at the facts, we will see that women still continue to earn less money than men. How can we explain this? After all, we are an advanced society with a Bill of Rights. There are even laws to stop discrimination against women. And most people would agree that women should not be paid less than men. So what has gone wrong? It seems likely that there is something systemic that is ensuring the..."

Tags:weber, marx, women

Abstract
This paper first hypothesizes that although women in the highest educational categories do suffer from the largest wage gap, that gap is steadily decreasing along with average monetary earnings increasing. The paper relates that it was found through regression analysis that the average monetary income of women with a college education is increasing. However, the paper also reveals that findings showed that the decreasing gap is not at the speed previously thought, and actually is in fact declining at a lower rate than women without college educations. The paper notes another disturbing finding from this study; the continuous decline in average monetary wages of those women without college educations.

Tags:economics, gender, education

Abstract
The paper discusses how labor economics explores a host issues related to the wage determination and other notions of labor market efficiency, including theories that help to understand the female-wage differential. This paper explores the female wage differential in Canada by focusing on the empirical research and methodological structures used to explain what accounts for the wage differential.

From the Paper
"Labor economics explores a host issues related to the wage determination and other notions of labor market efficiency. Embedded in this study are theories that help to understand the female-wage differential, that is, can economic theory be used to explain the wage gap that exists for females and males and can this empirical research be applied to the Canadian labor market. This paper will explore the female-wage differential in Canada by focusing on the empirical research and methodological structures used to explain what accounts for the wage differential. More importantly the paper will..."

Tags:gender, wage, gap

Abstract
The paper reveals that during the period of 1990 to 2007, women in Canada still earned less than men. The paper discusses how Canada has many laws to prevent discrimination against women, and many employers and the pubic now realize that it is wrong to discriminate against women in the labour market. However, the paper discusses how women are still not equal in the Canadian labour market.

From the Paper
"The wage gap between men and women in Canada Canada has many laws to prevent discrimination against women. Many employers and the pubic now realize that it is wrong to discriminate against women in the labour market. Unfortunately, women are still not equal in the Canadian labour market. This is true even though there are laws to protect women from discrimination. In fact, as this essay will show, during the period of 1990 to 2007, women in Canada still earned less than men. It is only in the last century that women have been allowed to work in any great numbers in the public sphere. Formerly, they were confined to jobs..."

Tags:women, men, wages

Abstract
This paper outlines some theories and the historical reasoning behind gendered wage discrimination and discusses proposed ways in which this disparity can be resolved in the modern world. The paper postulates that one of the major reasons behind wage discrimination is the perception of women as family orientated as opposed to career orientated. This perception, according to the paper's writer, make employers wary of hiring a potentially less productive employee.

Outline:
Introduction
Historical Underpinnings of Gendered Wage Gap
Possible Resolutions to Income Disparity
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Individuals who are also employers eek to hire perceptually those employees who will create the least perceived difficulties in longevity and outside interest as a result of high level demands for productivity and profit and as a result of the fact that once an investment is made in an employee the employer's best interest is served by them sticking around. Additionally real employers discriminate against women (particularly those who are parents) as a matter of making wise business decisions, as if they hire a woman and she either enters parenthood or is pulled away from work (with excessive tardiness or reduced productivity due to family interruptions and responsibilities) she will not be an asset to the company but according to the law cannot be let go without the risk of penalty. (Correll, Benard and In Paik, 2007, pp. 1297-1300) The pay differential then could be an aspect of the fact that women tend to gravitate toward professions (when job seeking and career planning) that are perceived to be less discriminatory toward women (and more of a sure thing for employment) and such positions subsequently pay less, because they have been feminized. Bobbitt-Zeher points out that this trend can be traced back to educational goals and achievement and that even though women have had increasing success in education (the ideal universal remover of obstacles) they still continue to gravitate away from perceived highly masculine professions and therefore less often challenge such differentials despite increased educational attainment. (2007, pp. 1-22) That the variation in pay and achievement can be influenced negatively by increased legal and social support measures is frustrating as enforcement of family friendly laws can and does broaden rather than narrow the gap in some areas, as women are continually discriminated against in hiring and wage differentials where their perceived commitment is broader than work."

Tags:male, female, gender, family, discrimination, sexual, wages, employer, historical, abuse, oppression, differential, professions

Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the female-wage differential in Canada by focusing on the empirical research and methodological structures used to explain what accounts for the wage differential. More importantly the paper focuses on the literature that has explained this trend and how the literature has changed or incorporated analytical tools that are useful to the overall theoretical framework of female-wage differentials in Canada. The paper is organized to present empirical studies that differ in terms of modeling frameworks and with a focus on methodological differences throughout the literature. The writer concludes that even though as time progresses the female-male wage differential narrows in Canada, it is still a persistent problem and the literature will continue to change and use new methods to estimate and understand the female-male wage differential.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review: General Overview
Empirical Studies and Development
Comprehensive Analysis from Drolet
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Many studies that focus on the Canadian labor market focus on the factors that affect the human capital investment in that environment, but the theoretical development is still based on the human capital explanation.
"There is extensive literature that uses the auspices of the marginal revenue productivity theory to explain how differences between men and women as it relates to education, experience, hours of work, occupation, and other institutional or structural factors affect the female-wage differential. This type of analysis has been used to explain country or region specific wage differentials because of the use of large cross-sectional data sets that can determine differences in the labor force composition within that particular country or region."
"Typically the female-wage differential models have focused on estimating different functions for males and females."

Tags:workers, inequality, labor, market

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the gender-based wage gap in Canada as it relates to the educational levels of the economy's constituents. The writer notes that Canada's wage gap has not disappeared. Furthermore, the writer points out that it appears that the gap actually worsens the higher the educational level of women, based on a percentage of income compared to males of the same educational level. The writer concludes that now that the flush of global markets and quick economic expansion is maturing along with the global economy, many markets, including Canada, are left to explain why increased access to education, specifically, but other economic and social factors as well, has not fully closed the gender-based wage gap and why, in some cases, it appears to be widening again.

Outline:
Abstract
References

From the Paper
"There exists much research that details how various economic and social factors affect gender earnings figures or the gender wage gap of workers in Canada. The importance of such research cannot be understated because it has significant relevance to almost every working adult in Canada but, in the long-term, it can also significantly impact the character of Canada's overall economic development. The long-term impact of such factors on Canada's economy are related to the competitiveness of its labour force within the context of the global economy as well as overall productivity factors manifested through measurements of gross domestic product (GDP). While there are may factors that can manifest such an impact on the Canadian economy, in terms of gender based wage gaps, one that is particularly troublesome is the effect that educational attainment has on the gender wage gap and, by extension, its ultimate impact on the Canadian economy."

Tags:income, economy, earnings, educated, females