Abstract
This paper examines the phenomenon of rampant scenes of violence and sex in horror films and how it may skew an audience's perception of sexuality. Scenes of brutality and torture towards women, shown in a sexually provocative manner, may attract and arouse men, while leaving women disturbed and scared. According to the paper, this portrayal of women and men also facilitates a narrow view of gender roles in our society, which is discussed further in correlation with gender socialization and various peer-reviewed article contributions from sociologists. Finally, the paper focuses on Social Learning Theory and how sexually violent horror films may translate into an unhealthy view towards sex in real relationships.

Outline:
Male Viewers: What Is the Appeal?
Male Viewers: Conformity to Gender Roles?
Male Viewers: Excited by Sexually Violent Material?
Female Viewers: What Is the Appeal?
Female Viewers: Disturbed by Sexually Violent Material?
Social Learning Theory and Sexual Content
Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to Mary Beth Oliver, "females will report greater disturbance in response to distressing film scenes (violent or tragic) compared to males."[9] A more simplified reason for this distress is that the ways women are portrayed being victimized in horror films are so realistic to real life scenarios that may actually be seen in society. Women are typically shown being sexually assaulted in very graphic detail and it leaves a woman afraid, scared, and weak; especially when a male counterpart is present. The victimization of women in horror films is nothing new, they were originally made to thrill us by exploiting our fears, but "sexuality, a staple element of the horror genre from day one, began to be reflected in increasingly disturbing ways."[10] Over the years, as society has become more comfortable with expressing sexuality openly, horror films have evolved into a new genre that involves intense scenes of sexual violence that is dangerous and unfathomable for people to witness, especially women. I believe horror films have reached a defining point in our society; they no longer seek to thrill an audience, they seek to arouse the audience by creating more shocking horror films that depict an unhealthy representation of sex and violence."

Tags:violence, sexual, movies

Abstract
This paper examines two groups of sexual deviants in two sexual-cultural contexts. According to the paper, this is to see how they reproduce and reinforce gender and sexual norms that they are transgressing. The groups studied include the travestis of Brazil and tomboi of Indonesia.

From the Paper
"This paper will examine two groups of `spectacular sexual deviants' in two sexual-cultural contexts in order to examine if and how they reproduce and reinforce gender and sexual norms that they are transgressing. The two groups of spectacular sexual deviants examined in this paper are the travestis of Brazil and tomboi of Indonesia. This paper will argue that the travestis of Brazil reproduce the dominant ideas about women and femininity particularly in the area of gendered beauty and sexual relationships, although there are some notable exceptions, and that the tomboi of Indonesia, also reproduce the dominant notions of masculinity..."

Tags:tomboi, travesti, gender

Abstract
This paper explores gender and sexuality in heavy metal music, looking at the role of groupies, the portrayal of men and women in heavy metal videos, gender roles, and gender-influenced understandings of heavy metal.

From the Paper
"Groupies in the heavy metal environment are not just adoring fans but essentially and exclusively sexual beings. The portrayal of women in heavy metal videos is decidedly sexual as the Western culture's music mythology is expressed in the visual language of music video in that it acts as an expression of sexual desire and that ..."

Tags:gender, sexuality, sex, heavy metal, music, men, women, male, female, groupies

Abstract
The paper analyzes how a specific advertisement represents and/or constructs our understanding of gender and sexuality. The paper examines how the advertisement categorizes the people shown, categorizes its intended audience and reinforces or challenges stereotypes.

From the Paper
"Gender-specific advertisements have been a very important feature of commercial advertising for well over a century, since the creation of J. Walter Thompson - the first commercial advertising agency - in 1877. For almost a century, gender was primarily used non-sexually, in advertisements often targeted at the same gender. For example, ads such as those for household products (e.g., laundry detergents, vacuum cleaners, kitchen equipment, etc.), usually depicted women in their traditional domestic roles, using the products. It was not until the `sexual..."

Tags:advertising, gender, sexuality

Abstract
The paper shows how gender and sexuality are very intrinsically related yet are two very distinct entities. The paper explains that one's gender is a social construction that an individual has been taught, while sexuality is simply the innate ability to be sexual. However, the paper does points out that one's gender does deeply contribute to one's sexual attractions and activities.

From the Paper
"Gender is a behavior that displays feminine or masculine traits and/or characteristics. Gender is fluid. It is not concrete or definite. One may display traditionally held feminine traits one moment and then masculine the very next. What is considered to be feminine or masculine traits also differ from generation to generation. For instance, it was once considered a very masculine trait to work outside of the home. It is now very commonplace for females to work outside of the home and not be considered masculine. There are still, however, some types of work that are considered "man's" work or "woman's" work."

Tags:males, females, masculinity, femininity, norms, roles

Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the role of gender and sexuality is certainly not fixed, as suggested by Darwin. Instead, the writer claims that many aspects of femininity and masculinity are related to power. Furthermore, power can impact the role of gender both inside and outside of personal relationships. The writer notes, as an example, that economic power over slaves resulted in the development of puritanical sexual mores in modern-day Jamaicans. However, the writer points out that economic power by Western tourists has resulted in a female sex tourist industry in that same country. Therefore, the writer concludes that researchers who attempt to study issues surrounding sexuality and gender must be careful to guard against their own bias, and also be aware of the various cultures that have previously interacted with the subjects of their studies.

From the Paper
"Furthermore, it is important to realize that researchers in disciplines like sociology and anthropology are rarely documenting solely naturally-occurring phenomenon. On the contrary, the very presence of the researcher changes the social situation. For many years, the presence of researchers was thought to have minimal impact on the people being studied, as long as the researchers made conscious efforts to avoid impacting and changing the studied society. However, this idea is patently false. The very presence of people from other cultures has an impact on a society. Furthermore, one need only watch a reality television show and the outrageous behavior displayed on such programs to understand that the knowledge that one's behavior is being documented and recorded can have an impact on that behavior. Therefore, it is important for one to understand that even a perfectly neutral researcher is going to have some impact on the behavior of the people that he or she is studying; it is simply impossible to introduce an outside observer to a situation without impacting that situation in some manner. Furthermore, whether the researcher's impact is significant or insignificant is something that the researcher cannot determine, because they have only observed the studied population after introducing themselves to the situation. In that way, one must concede that there is no organic modern anthropological research, but that it has all been tainted, in varying degrees, by the presence of the researchers studying it."

Tags:cultural, norms, activities, behavior, bias

Abstract
This paper looks at how capitalism, religion and our language are all directly connected to how society shapes the stigmatization of certain genders and sexual behaviors. This paper looks at two authors and how they show that gender and sexuality are socially constructed by elites.

Abstract
This paper examines how anthropology challenges the traditional acceptance of gender roles as a necessary consequence of biological differences. It looks at how anthropological approaches to gender have participated in showing that gender roles are a social construction rather than a natural given and have also challenged the conventional ideas in regards to what is acceptable or not in terms of sexual behaviors and customs.

From the Paper
"Far from being confined to the academic sphere of the anthropological discipline, those revelations provoked major shifts in terms of power. Indeed, the reason why feminists have been so interested in anthropology is that they immediately realised the political implications of such a change in Western thinking (Nugent 2008, pp.122). For most feminist scholars, who were convinced that most societies were showing at least some degree of patriarchy - i.e. the dominance of females by male in significant spheres of life - the anthropological revelation that gender inequalities were rooted in cultural practises rather that in biological determinism was of enormous political importance, as it proved that male dominance was not inevitable (Robertson 2007, p.16). "

Tags:deviance, social, construct

Abstract
This paper explains that gender and sexual inequality in the workplace is a very important aspect of modern American sociology today and asks why this situation exists today. The paper then presents a literature review and a list of various positions in a fictitious banking institution to show these disparities related to sex. The author concludes that the main culprit is the patriarchal system, which has been in existence in the United States since its earliest days.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Discussion of Findings
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Another area of concern is politics, especially as it relates to the status of women in the world of employment. For many years, beginning roughly with the Equal Pay Act of 1963 which mandated "equal pay for men and women doing the same work," employers have utilized special rules regarding appropriate positions and pay for women, such as "formal and informal restrictions on positions, separate male and female sections in help wanted ads, differential pay scales for men and women in the same job (and) pay scales set in accordance with the gender composition of jobs." "

Tags:patriarchal, glass ceiling, normative shifts, politics authority

Abstract
This paper examines the question of what forms gender and sexuality take in America, based on four articles. The paper discusses female circumcision and castration in the late nineteenth century, the impact of language around impotence and erectile dysfunction on male sexuality. The paper looks at gender construction, male sexuality in general and also examines gay rights under Bush Sr.'s administration.

From the Paper
"It is very clear from various readings that gender and gendered sexuality have a lot more to do with the medical and political agenda than one might initially think. According to various sources, these constructs are often created by the medical profession, which is rooted in the conservative aspect of American culture. This is reflected in articles about the Bush Sr. administration's attitude towards gay rights and AIDS activism, the quest for a perfect penis and the alleged importance of a perfectly hard man as well as the literature regarding 19th century sexual surgery on women. Evidence from these articles, and others, suggests that wealthy white men have manipulated ideas of gender and sexuality for their own interests by using the medical and political arenas."

Tags:gender, sexuality, politics