Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses gender roles through the years. According to the paper, throughout history, gender roles have played a vital part in the shaping of Western society. This paper focuses on gender roles from the 1920's through today, and examines the sociological trends of these roles over time.

From the Paper
"As in previous times of crisis, women found themselves again asked to go to work outside the home. With increased demand for weapon manufacturing, and with nearly ten million men overseas, it became clear that the role of women must change again. Instead of being icons for homesick soldiers, the women of WWII had to become factory workers. While women had been in the workforce previously, their role was often still as educators, retail sales personnel, and other non-tasking roles. For the first time, women were asked by their government to join the labor force as skilled laborers, welders, and other traditionally male roles (Rupp, 63)."

Tags:politics, workforce, stereotype, war, education, gender, shift, emotional, crisis, homemaker, sexes

Abstract
This paper covers questions on topics such as third-wave feminism, the shaping of gender roles through participation in patriarchal families, the feminist issue of aging and the beauty myth, the social construction of gender through language, and the social construction of gender through education.

From the Paper
"The term "third wave feminism" refers to the feminists in the here and now. The third wave is current feminist practice, which builds and expands upon the "second wave mantra" that states "the personal is political" (Mitchell & Karaian, 2005, p. 59). According to Mitchell and Karaian (2005) third wave feminists are characterised by their tendency to "defy labels, embrace contradictions, and call for complexity, [appearing] eclectic, fragmented, and even trite" (p. 59). Third wave feminists distance themselves from earlier feminist waves, while acknowledging the changes that those previous activists had made (Mitchell & Karaian, 2005)..."

Tags:women, feminism, gender

Abstract
The paper discusses the film 'Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" (2001) that was the first of a series of phenomenally popular films, based upon the equally popular novels of the "Harry Potter" series by J.K. Rowling, with a prominent school theme in that all are set at the "Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry." The paper explains that while Hogwarts is a fantasy representation of a school, its basic model is the traditional British boarding school, it is also arguably the single best known educational environment among young people in the world today. The paper discusses how the sheer extraordinary popularity and influence of this film, and its recreation of a school theme, presents us with a range of complex implications with respect to issues of gender roles and expectations, identity, and the impact of the film's representations of these upon its vast, young viewing audience. The paper argues that the representations of gender in the school setting in the film mirror its gendered representations of family roles, with females serving as enablers of male power and authority. While complexities and subtleties in the depiction of female agency and identity in the film are explored, nonetheless it is shown how this film can foster regressive and conservative models of gender among young viewers.

From the Paper
"The film "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" (2001) was the first of a series of phenomenally popular films, based upon the equally popular novels of the "Harry Potter" series by J.K. Rowling, with a prominent school theme in that all are set at the "Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry." While Hogwarts is a fantasy representation of a school, its basic model is the traditional British boarding school, it is also arguably the single best known educational environment among young people in the world today. The sheer extraordinary popularity and influence of..."

Tags:gender, film, roles

Abstract
This paper discusses "The Simpsons," which is the longest running primetime cartoon on American television. The author looks at how this show reflects and challenges stereotypical gender roles such as father knowing best, work, and education. The author explains the conditions under which "The Simpsons" was originally developed and how the content of typical family programming changed over the decades with the political ideologies of the time. The author also compares "The Simpsons" with other TV family shows, with respect to the frequency with which male and female characters appear, whether the plots revolve mostly round the male or female characters, and the themes of marriage, education, and how gender roles are perceived by the characters themselves. Each of the members of the Simpson family is looked at in detail, and the paper concludes that "The Simpsons" weaves traditional family values with contemporary criticisms of the limitations those same values create.

From the Paper
"The conditions under which The Simpsons were originally developed help to shape the issues the show was able to tackle in its program. Timing was critical in the evolution of The Simpsons. In the 1950's family life on television seemed to only be diverse in terms of where the family lived, be it in the suburbs or the city. Shows often played up the neighborhood social bonding aspects from America's past in order to reach a broader audience."

Tags:program ideological broadcast, sex life, stay at home mom, MENSA dysfunctional identity icon

Abstract
This paper examines research and studies that support the notion that the gender roles of men and women are determined at a very early age. Examples of this process are cited throughout the paper. Included in this discussion are the ways that gender roles that are defined when we are children affect choices we make as adults in regard to education, career, and attitudes. The paper talks about the need to better understand the early formation of gender roles so that we need not undo this process as adults in order to attain true social equality.

From the Paper
"These roles were firmly accepted and promoted for years of existence in mankind. During the 1960's with the civil rights movement there was a major shift in the way women and men were viewed in the world. For the last four or five decades females have been moving to the forefront of equality and today many of the old gender role practices have been removed. The workplace has become much more equal and students in college are from both genders, but it is as adults the effort takes place. The gender roles of yesteryear are still being promoted and encouraged in the lives of children. Because of this, when the children grow up they often have to break out of the roles they have been taught and they work to squash the multi-generational habits that are ingrained in society. This can lead to many wasted years of confusion and struggle as both genders work together in today's society."

Tags:males, females, challenged, society, childhood, boy, girl, adulthood, stereotypes

Abstract
This paper explores how the education system has contributed to this reality historically - and continues at present - by defining girls' (and boys') gendered identities in a traditional, stereotyped fashion. The thesis is argued that gender equity can be achieved in our education system only if we as a society realize the complexities involved in the production of gender discrimination and the gender stereotyping that occurs in the classroom. In particular, with reference to alternative education, it is shown how contemporary programs and strategies are achieving success in addressing some of the gender stereotypes fostered by our mass-mediated society.

From the Paper
"Jan Morris, in "Conundrum", explores the complexity of experiences and insights that she gained as a transgendered individual. One of the more illuminating of her insights relates to how deeply embedded are the power structures of gender in even such everyday social occasions as dining out. Morris writes: I am treated of course with the conventional deference that a woman expects, the moving of tables, the wrapping of coats, the opening of..."

Tags:culture, education, women

Abstract
The paper looks at how Jan Morris, in "Conundrum", explores the complexity of experiences and insights that she gained as a transgendered individual. The paper examines one of the more illuminating of these experiences she discusses that is, superficially, one of the most insignificant: a comparison of the range of minor social behaviours and assumptions that define the experience of dining out. The paper relates that Morris, once a man and now a woman, writes: "I am treated of course with the conventional deference that a woman expects, the moving of tables, the wrapping of coats, the opening of doors: but I know that it is really deference of a lesser kind, and that the man behind me is the guest that counts."

From the Paper
"Jan Morris, in "Conundrum", explores the complexity of experiences and insights that she gained as a transgendered individual. One of the more illuminating of these experiences she discusses is, superficially, one of the most insignificant: a comparison of the range of minor social behaviours and assumptions that define the experience of dining out. Morris, once a man and now a woman, writes: "I am treated of course with the conventional deference that a woman...""

Tags:women, gender, roles

Abstract
Examines traditional roles in Islamic nation & effects of modernization. Analyzing socioeconomics, role of govt., education, work and generational conflicts

From the Paper
G"ENDER ROLES IN A MIDDLE EASTERN CULTURE: KUWAIT
Introduction
Gender roles in a Middle Eastern culture are explored. The Middle Eastern culture in which gender roles are explored is Kuwait.
The Role of Women in Kuwait
The primary emphasis in this exploration of gender roles in Kuwait is on the role of females in Kuwaiti society, as it is the female gender role which tends to be the most circumscribed even in modern Middle Eastern societies. The female role in modern Kuwaiti society cannot be divorced from the politico-religious movement in the Arab world in general and Kuwait in particular (Mernissi, 1995). This movement is essentially one of return to traditional roles for females as those roles are.."

Abstract
This paper examines stereotypic gender roles. These roles are first defined and then the impact of several variables on the development of gender roles stereotypes are examined. The examined variables include: family, education, and the media.

From the Paper
"According to Levine, stereotypes consist of a set of complex notions conceptions and perceptions shared by a social group. Among these notions, conceptions and perceptions are the concepts of masculinity and femininity. Often referred to as stereotypic gender roles, these consist of a set of culturally and socially defined notions, beliefs and expectations about how men and women will behave that are transmitted through sex role socialization which is the transmission of information about male/female behavior by a given culture to its members. The purpose..."

Tags:gender, stereotypes, family, media, education, culture

Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the roles of women in higher education have progressed since the 19th century. The paper explains that, although the educational choices and opportunities for women have expanded greatly since then, there still is a societal attitude underlying many classrooms where men are expected to play the dominant role in classroom discussions and research, especially in the math and science fields. As such, the paper analyzes the importance of women in advancing opportunities for women.

From the Paper
"Since American women first gained access to higher education in the nineteenth century, educational choices and opportunities for women have expanded greatly. Especially after World War II, women have broken new ground in this country by entering fields that were formerly closed to them. Today, there are few fields that can truly be called male-dominated. However, this is not to say that women have yet achieved equality in education. They have not. There continues to be a societal attitude underlying many classrooms in which men are expected to play the dominant role in classroom discussions and research. Furthermore, at co-educational colleges, male faculty continues to earn higher salaries than female faculty. Because of these circumstances, all-female universities continue to play an important role in the education of women."

Tags:gender equality, women and society