Abstract
This paper describes how influential children's literature can be in forming ideas and stereotypes with relation to gender issues. It explains how crucial the early stages in life are in forming opinions of the society we live and grow up in.

From the paper:

Books are not only an important resource for helping to develop the language skills of a child, adding to his imagination by presenting to him new ideas and thoughts as well as to the child?s vocabulary by presenting to him or her new words and phrases. The books that a child reads also play a significant and important role in transmitting the culture of the society to the child of which the child is a member. An important part of the culture of the society where the child is born and grows up are the various gender roles. The way that genders are portrayed in the children?s books in this way contributes to the image children develop of their own role and that of their gender in society.

Tags:male, female, social, cultural, image

Abstract
In this essay, the writer analyzes one episode of the T.V. program "Home". The writer explores the plot and the characters in this show. In this paper, the writer points out stereotypes and gender issues that appear in the show. The writer looks at the gender roles portrayed in one episode of the show.

From the Paper
"Channel House is a medical show and the episode analyzed involved the case of a homeless woman who is brought to the hospital unconscious from a seizure. She was found in a punk night club looking for someone only identified as Jamie. The young doctor attending her believes she may have a brain tumor but the neuro surgeon he consults dismisses his diagnosis and says that the woman is faking and just wants a bed for the night. The case is discussed by ... "

Tags:stereotypes, gender bias, gender role model

Abstract
This paper discusses how works of modern feminism see the information systems as a male dominated profession, and others see cyberspace dominated by the military budget. The paper puts forward the context of a gender and race neutral world of online communities as the proper view of cyberspace.

From the Paper
"Lisa Nakamura in her article "Race In/For Cyberspace: Identity Tourism and Racial Passing on the Internet" opens with a description of an editorial cartoon of a dog sitting in front of a computer. The caption below the cartoon states "On the internet, nobody knows you're a dog" (Nakamura, n.p.). This is the race and gender blind utopia that both Adams and Richardson and Edwards in their articles fail or refuse to see. The anonymity that the internet age has generated is more the current state of affairs as opposed to the male dominated cyber world of Adam and Richardson, or the militarized zone described by Edwards."

Tags:gender, race, cyberspace

Abstract
This paper looks at issues affecting gender-related development by evaluating various indices created to measure gender inequality in development across countries and attempts to find a common denominator. Next, the author performs several descriptive and ANOVA statistical analysis across high income and low income countries. The paper concludes that Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) are much better measures of gender inequality and yield new insights on gender gaps in well-being and empowerment in the world. The paper includes many charts, tables, and a formula.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Child Mortality below 5 Years of Age
GNI (PPP) per Capita
GNI per Capita on Enrolment Ratio of Females to Males in Primary and Secondary Educations
Education Enrolments Correlated to below 5-Years and Maternal Mortality
Gender-Sensitive Measures of human development (GDI), GGI (Gender Gap Index) and GII (Gender Inequality Index)
Global Gender Gap Index (GGI).
GGI and Labour Force Participation in Service Sector
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
GII and Health Indicator
GII and Empowerment Variable
GII and Women's Participation in Work Force
Limitations of Various Gender-related Indices and Policy Implications
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Since 1990, UNDP based loosely on Sen's CA, developed a suite of measures which capture key capabilities, particularly health and longevity, education, as well as access to nutrition, shelter, clothing and related capabilities. The HDI (Human Development Index) captures this using a standardized index for life expectancy, literacy and enrolment, and a logarithmic transformation of per capita incomes.
"In 1995, the Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) were added to capture the gender dimensions of human development. In 1996, two Human Poverty Measures were introduced, to capture poverty in developing and industrialized countries respectively. While HDI has been very successful in academic and policy circles, GDI and GEM have not been as successful in capturing the gender dimensions of human development. Sen insists that mortality does not correlate with income (which is welfarists' informational basis) and thus income cannot be used as a proxy for quality of life.
"The World Development Report, 2012 has expressly concluded with examples of various countries, Low-income as well as Medium and High income countries, that overall there has been an improvement in the mortality rate of women and children below 5 years of age. Regarding life expectancy it specifically mentions that "since 1980, women are living longer than men in all parts of the world.""

Tags:indices, proxy, mortality, educationpolicy

Abstract
This paper discusses how E.M Foster's novel, "Howard's End", is an attempt to debunk the gender roles of his era. It explains how this novel is considered to be the best of the author's work as a symbolic exploration of the social, economic, and philosophical forces in England in the first half of the 20th century. Foster uses three English families of different classes to explore the competing ideals of materialism, intellectualism, and aspiration. It shows how Foster, through the depiction of the female characters, claims that gender is a social creation and that gender roles are relative to each period and can be studied in their historical context.

From the Paper
"How do we conceive of ourselves as embodied beings? How do we come to have a realization of our gendered existence? These are some of the most significant questions in human history. Today scholars and historians believe that gender identity does not exist as primordially and externally fixated but is invented, created, resisted and subverted the fulcrum of multiple identities. So enmeshed is gender in this axis that differences such as race, class, caste and community may be steeped in and spoke through the language of sexual difference. Thus the question of invention of identity is also a question of power wherein gender becomes the signifier of power differences. Gender differences are not modern phenomena it has existed in ancient times and throughout history, the sexual differences were common in Roman, Greek and Egyptian civilization. Even in the mythic stories of Gilgamesh, Norse myths, Code of Hammarabi, Egyptians stories, Iliad, Homer, Arabian Nights and many more depict the sexual differences. Men and women are presented in different ways, assigned different roles and have specific characters."

Tags:england, social, character, materialism

Abstract
Gender in translation has become an obvious issue in post-feminist era. This paper attempts to explore how gender issues may influence translation practice, by providing a theoretical discussion and practical examples.

From the Paper
"It is difficult to discuss the concept of 'non-sexist' language in languages that have masculine and feminine grammatical gender. It is important to distinguish between languages that show grammatical and pronominal gender such as French and German, and languages that show only pronominal gender such as English. The difficulties take place when translating from the language that shows grammatical gender to the language that shows pronominal gender. In Romance languages the 'sun' is feminine and the 'moon' is masculine, In Indo-European languages, the 'sun' is masculine and the 'moon' feminine. In Polish, 'sun' is neuter and 'moon' is masculine. In German, it is only when a woman gets married that she becomes feminine i.e. 'die frau'. Before that, she is simply neutral 'das Fraulein'."

Tags:language, grammar, feminism

Abstract
The paper discusses how gender differences present in organized sports are the reflection of gender issues in the society as whole. The paper then explains that a woman's body is often more valued based on how it looks than on what it can do (Nelson, 2006) and this relationship is a direct extension of the sexist image of body present in our society. Finally, the paper identifies four points that could form the basis of sports and health awareness policy for female youth.

From the Paper
"Gender differences present in organized sports are the reflection of gender issues in the society as whole. As much as in any other realm of life, some changes did occur in the second half of last century, however many inequalities between male and female athletes are still present. One of the reasons for constrain is the fact that men look more frequently at sports as a confirmation for their feeling of superiority over women (Malszecki and Cavar, 2005). Such strong need for sports in male culture stems, in part, from the fact that the age of industrialization and particularly high technology replaced the need for a raw muscle with..."

Tags:sport, feminism, women

Abstract
This paper reveals that boys are served more by special education programs than girls and discusses how this may be genuinely due to their differing educational needs. The paper also discusses, however, how teachers may be responsible for giving more attention to boys than girls and this is why they find it easier to identify emotionally disturbed boys. The paper notes that researchers have not yet found differences in state policies with regards to this gender gap in special education. The paper asserts that regardless of limited research on the real reasons of the gender gap in special education, educators are required to pay equal attention to girls and boys in their classrooms.

Outline:
Introduction
Are There Gender Differences to Account for the Gender Gap in Special Education?
Are State Policies Responsible for the Gender Gap in Special Education?
Analysis of the Findings and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Studies on disability have by and large emphasized on commonalities among persons with disabilities instead of addressing gender based differences. This is the reason why there is little known about the different experiences and characteristics of boys and girls with disabilities (Gender as a Factor). It is interesting to note that the problem of the gender gap in special education does not exist in the United States alone. Studies have addressed this topic in relation to the disabled populations in the United Kingdom, Norway, and Canada as well. As a matter of fact, researchers have also noted the differences between the learning needs and academic achievements of boys and girls in the regular classroom. The differences among boys and girls in the regular classroom allow us to infer that boys and girls are, indeed, different in terms of their educational needs and achievements. Hence, the gender gap in special education may exist for a genuine reason."

Tags:disabilities, attention, boys, girls, state, policies

Abstract
This paper examines how the Korean and Puerto Rican cultures are very similar, with both based on the separation of gender roles and with women being submissive and men being dominant. It shows how once in America, both cultures have adapted to the new environment in very different ways. For the Koreans, women have began to question their roles and become more active, with the relationship becoming more equal. In contrast, the Puerto Rican gender roles have not changed much. Men remain only as workers with women taking on the role as both workers, housewives and mothers with a new generation of young women being raised as cooks and cleaners.

From the Paper
"The Puerto Rican family structure is similar to the Korean one in that the female and male roles are separated. The man is responsible for earning the money, while the woman's primary role is to look after the house and raise the children. The woman is also expected to be submissive, while the male is dominant. The woman in Puerto Rico though, were also involved in the workforce. While this was a reality, it did not change the family structure. Instead, women working was a necessity due to financial strain. A woman working then, was not a sign of her role changing, but something that had to be done for her to adeqautely care for her children."

Tags:male, dominance, workforce, children, wife, husband, equality

Abstract
Examines the relevance of gender-specific themes in the three plays of the ORESTEIA trilogy by Aeschylus. AGAMEMNON, THE LIBATION BEARERS (CHOEPHORIA) & EUMENIDIS (FURIES). Discusses curse of the House of Atreus & the Trojan War. Plots. Characters; their motivations, actions & relationships. The important role Agamemnon plays in sacrificing his daughter Iphigenia, which sets the tragedy of the triology into motion.

From the Paper
"This research analyzes gender issues in Aeschylus's Oresteia trilogy, comprising the plays Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers (Choephoroi), and Eumenides. The relevance of gender-specific themes that emerge in the plays will be discussed.


The Oresteia cannot be understood without reference to the curse of the house of Atreus of Argos, which is bound up with the legend of the Trojan war. The curse began when Atreus killed sons of his brother Thyestes, who had seduced Atreus's wife. After a banquet in which Atreus fed Thyestes's children to him, Thyestes laid a curse on Atreus's descendants. Atreus's two sons, Agamemnon and Menelaus, married two sisters, Clytemnestra and Helen, respectively, and when Helen either eloped with or was abducted by Paris to Troy, Agamemnon, like Menelaus, assembled an army of Greeks and prepared to sail for Troy. But that..."