Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the nature of the gender gap that exists between girls and boys at the primary and secondary levels of education. This paper first discusses some of the root causes that influence the development of gender stereotypes and the gender gap in science and math. It then examines some of the effects of this gender gap also within an educational context.

From the Paper
"Consistently, studies have demonstrated that gender stereotypes can have an effect on the ability of girls to excel in either science or math. Cultural perceptions that assume that those subjects are the domain of boys and not girls can have a deleterious effect upon the ability of girls in a schooling setting to pursue and master either of these subjects that are considered to be so crucial. Science and math constitute two of the core academic subjects that are taught in school, especially at the primary and secondary level. Despite the basic importance of science and math to education at these levels, studies seem to indicate that the current educational situation actually accentuates the gender disparities that exist between girls and boys regarding learning in science and mathematics."

Tags:gender, gap, education

Abstract
This analysis discusses the social norm and professional practice of gender bias in the sciences and engineering. The analysis uses gender bias to explain the gender gap between male and female scientists and engineers at the academic and professional level in American culture.

From the Paper
"Women have come a long way as professionals over the past half century. Women have made advances as scientists and engineers, with a handful of them heads of universities and chief executive officers in scientific or engineering companies. The problem with this development is that only a few women have progressed to the top of these fields, rather than roughly half which is their number in the general population. The main reason for this is the social and professional practice or phenomenon known as gender bias."

Tags:discrimination, unconscious, socialization, marriage, family, assertiveness, single-mindedness, National Academies of Science, women, glass ceiling

Abstract
This in-depth paper analyzes the available research regarding the existing gap between the sexes in regards to employment and wages. While evidence proves that the gender gap in employment and wages is narrowing, it still has a long way to go. This paper contains relevant statistics and information relevant to employment and wages. This paper examines the various fields of employment where the gender gap is narrowing, including: Education, medicine, law and computer sciences. The writer also delves into the issue of sexual power in the workforce, specifically the sexual power of men over women, which is addressed in this paper.

From the Paper
"One area where the gender gap is narrowing far more speedily than any other is in the education field. For example, there are more females in law school and Med schools than ever before. There are more females entering the Computer Sciences field than ever before. In fact, science, which had always been thought of as a sort of a male preserve, is now enrolling women in Silicon Valley. In British Columbia the Education Minister has asked teachers, principals and other educators to consider their priorities. "The reason: a comprehensive assessment iof the reading and writing skills of 140,000 British Columbia students that showed girls doing better than boys in every category and at every grade level." Nevertheless, of the brighter high school graduates who do not go on to college "70 to 90 percent are girls."

Tags:equality, women, men, employment, wages, pay, rights, law

Abstract
This paper explores the causes revolving around the exclusion of women from science, math, and technology educational programs and looks towards suggesting remedies.

Outline
Introduction
Summary
Evaluation
Mentoring
References

From the Paper
"For quite a number of years researchers have delved deep into the gender equity in science, engineering and technology educational programs. These studies have utilized for interalia raise the consciousness of gender discrimination; convey regarding policy decisions; as also as a drive to tackle instances of gender discrimination. At the moment there is paucity at the national level of computer scientist, engineers and programmers and its effect has fallen badly on USA. The Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering and Technology Development reports which indicate that in spite of the growth in science, mathematics, and technology jobs, the representation of women in both the jobs is less."

Tags:technology, educational, programs, math

Abstract
The paper discusses a research which examines the impact of same-gender grouping during benchmark test administration on the performance of sixth grade science students who have otherwise received instruction in a co-gender classroom context.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Methodology
Key Terms and Definitions
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Literature Review
Summary of the Literature Reviewed
Conclusions

From the Paper
"The work of Thomas S. Dee entitled: "Teachers and the Gender Gaps in Student Achievement" offers an insight into the gender gaps that exist in education in today's schools. It is stated by Dee that: "this study presents new evidence on whether assignment to a same-gender teacher influences educational outcomes. And it uses these evaluation results to discuss how the gender interactions between students and teacher may shape the early evolution of gender gaps across academic subjects." (2006) Furthermore, the educational outcomes examined in this study include teacher perceptions of a student's performance and student perceptions of the subject taught by a particular teacher. These subjective outcomes are useful simply because they are educationally important outcomes that provide a complement to the results based on achievement scores." (Dee, 2006) The following table lists the 1999 NAEP scores stated by Dee in by subject, age and gender."

Tags:gender, gaps, benchmark, assessment

Abstract
This paper explains that that women are less frequent users of the Internet and new related technologies as compared to men, which creates a wide gender gap, but that gap is diminishing. The author points out that women are victims of Internet pornography, since hundreds of sites reveal them in degrading fashion, thereby making gender inequality a more intense and pervasive issue. The paper relates that the under-representation of women in professional fields such as science, mathematics, and computing plays an important role in the existing gender inequality in the cyberspace.

From the Paper
"Amazingly, the same trend exists even after eight highly progressive years in which women have mostly been able to overcome or minimize the gender gap in many areas. While more women access Internet today than they used to in mid-1990s, their access points are still the same and due to this, men are heavier and more intense users. A recent report by US Department of Commerce, Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide states that, ?Both sexes use the Internet more at home than elsewhere. Males generally access the Internet by about three percentage points more, regardless of location, and equal 34.3% in total access.?"

Tags:location, technology, pornography, intensity, technology

Abstract
This paper discusses the significant changes to traditional gender roles in the last 30 years. Research proves that women today are pursuing careers more so than ever before. The myth of masculinity is undergoing a transformation as is the image of fatherhood. Many men are downshifting from work away from the home in order to spend more time directly parenting their children. The writer describes the damaging effects of forcing men and women into customary gender-based roles which deprive children of maximizing their career options, status and lifestyles that run opposite to what society sees as acceptable. This paper also explains why applying biologically based assumptions in feminine behavior is not only scientifically unsound but socially damaging.

From the Paper
"Meekly evolving into your gender role, be it policeman or housewife, will merely enforce what men and women have been trying to get away from these past 20 years: gender roles can cause more harm than good. We can not expect future generations to be as comfortable and confident of what they can achieve if it is still expected of women to stay home with the children while the men work hours on end to support the family.
Despite the fact that acceptance is suppressing some would be nurturers, it is believed by some that because men and women are fundamentally different they should accept their different roles throughout society. Opponents would rather have women at home with the children. They would keep the men at work and out of the homes based on traditional gender views."

Tags:women, men, perception, sexuality, research, statistics, children, career

Abstract
One of the buzzwords in recent presidential elections has been "gender gap." Poll after poll, particularly in the past four presidential campaigns, have shown that men and women view candidates differently on the issues and vote accordingly. The gender gap, however, has been around for at least five decades, and we will study it here and learn how men and women tend to cast their ballots.

Tags:gender, gap, elections

Abstract
This paper explores the evolution of women in society and analyzes the progress women have made from the time of the Women's Movement of the late 1960s and 1970s when the Equal Pay Act passed; Betty Friedan published her earth-shattering book The Feminine Mystique, to the current status women hold in society. The paper discusses the facts that, although there have been great strides towards a more liberated and equal presence in society for women, women still fall behind men in the math and sciences and the pay gap between men and women continues to exist. Additionally, this paper concludes that, such differences remain, because under the "visible" parameters of statements such as "equal pay for equal work" and professed efforts to enhance mathematics for female students, exists an invisible distinction between the genders. It is only by eliminating this dual-identity that women and men can be themselves and live, as Simone de Beauvoir notes, in harmony.

From the Paper
"During the Women's Movement of the late 1960s and 1970s when the equal pay act passed, Betty Friedan published her earth-shattering book The Feminine Mystique, organizations created battered women's shelters and rape crisis lines, and the National Organization of Women was formed and women felt totally liberated and exhilarated. In the future, they would be able to be on equal footing with men and achieve everything and anything they wanted. Now, four decades later, it is easy to see that progress has been made, but only to a certain extent. Women still fall behind men in the math and sciences, the pay gap between men and women continues to exist, and females yet have this dual-identity--just go into any toy store and compare the boys and girls toys. Such differences remain, because under the "visible" parameters of statements such as "equal pay for equal work" and professed efforts to enhance mathematics for female students, exists an invisible distinction between the genders. It is only by eliminating this dual-identity that women and men can be themselves and live, as Simone de Beauvoir notes, in harmony."

Tags:feminine, organizations, men, equal, progress