Abstract
This paper discusses how being elderly and gay in Toronto is not a positive experience. The paper explains that the experience is much the same for elderly gays in all cities and that elderly gay men are cut off from younger gay men and also from society. The paper points out that gays and lesbians in Canada have their own gay village right in the downtown area of Toronto and that this area is also known as the gay ghetto. The paper then looks at how the experience of elderly gay people is even worse than the discrimination that results from homophobia and it all has to do with ageism, which puts elderly gay men into yet another ghetto. In conclusion, the paper shows that elderly gay men are also faced with the issues of homophobia and ageism and the process of growing old in Toronto does not seem to have any advantages.

Outline:
The Gay Ghetto
Older Gays, Ageism, and Social Isolation
Other Problems of Elderly Gay Men
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Gays are mainly found in two areas of Toronto. The first is the Gay Village; the center of that village is Church and Wellesley Streets. The Gay Village is a symbol of exclusion or how gays and lesbians are separate from general Toronto society. Homophobia still exists very strongly, and gays and lesbians are still struggling for equality with the rest of society. In the village, gays and lesbians found "an urban neighborhood that is populated by, and reasonably tolerates, a large number of queers" (Editorial 1). They accomplished something remarkable with the rundown urban neighborhood when they rented apartments that other people rejected and opened businesses where no one else would consider doing so."

Tags:ageism, HIV, lesbian, homophobia, discrimination, dementia

Abstract
This paper asserts that gays and lesbians have always been excluded from the overall society. The paper explains that the gay village right in the downtown area of Toronto is also known as the gay ghetto. Very often in history, the paper notes, when people suffer discrimination and hate, they have had to live in ghettos; gays and lesbians have created their own ghetto and their effort resulted in important gentrification of that area. The paper concludes that while gays have problems of inequality and homophobia, elderly gays have their own special set of problems; the most serious problem for older gay men is social isolation.

From the Paper
"Gays and lesbians have always been excluded from the overall society. They have their own gay village right in the downtown area of Toronto. This area is also known as the gay ghetto. Very often in history, when people suffer discrimination and hate, they have had to live in ghettos. Gays and lesbians have created their own ghetto and their effort resulted in important gentrification of that area. While gays have problems of inequality and homophobia, elderly gays have their own special set of problems. The most serious problem for older gay men is social isolation."

Tags:homosexual, rights, same, sex, marginalization

Abstract
This paper looks at the growing acceptance of gay and lesbian relationships in society, as well as homosexual marriages. The author focuses specifically on Toronto's Metropolitan Community Church, led by the Reverend Brent Hawkes, which offers the gay community vast support for the lifestyle, and performs controversial marriage ceremonies.

Tags:brent, church, community, hawkes, metropolitan, reverend, toronto

Abstract
The paper looks at how the Toronto media has addressed the issue of gun violence over the past few years. The paper shows how the Toronto news media - specifically, the left-of-center Toronto Star - has consistently expressed fear about the existence of gun violence in Toronto, has been seemingly uncritical of gun amnesty programs, has emphasized the role of social service provision in cutting down on gun violence, and has underscored the threat posed by gangs utilizing guns. The paper demonstrates how the Toronto Star has taken an approach that may be described as alarmist, deeply committed to defending the role of social welfare services in reducing crime, and certain that ending gun violence involves ending the presence of guns in Toronto. The paper illustrates how media coverage of Toronto's recent spate of gun-related crime has privileged some solutions over others without recognizing that a more comprehensive approach is needed.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at how the Toronto media has addressed the issue of gun violence over the past few years. In so doing, what will become evident is that the Toronto news media - specifically, the left-of-center Toronto Star - has consistently expressed fear about the existence of gun violence in Toronto (as if the problem is somehow spinning out of control). The same newspaper has also been seemingly uncritical of gun amnesty programs; has emphasized the role of social service provision in cutting down on gun violence; and has underscored the..."

Tags:gun, problem, toronto

Abstract
This paper is a study for understanding whether there is a need to legalize gay marriages. The paper is divided into three sections arguing three thesis statements. The first thesis statement argues that marriage is a civil right of every individual, as it is essential for the emotional well-being of individuals and denying it to the gay community is discriminatory. Hence, the study begins with a discussion of the argument that denying the civil rights of marriage is discriminatory. The second thesis statement asserts that gays are denied the rights which are associated with marriage and that denying these rights is a violation of their civil rights and therefore a need exists to legalize gay marriages. By way of this thesis statement, the paper offers an understanding as to the rights which are associated with marriage but which are denied to gay couples and discusses whether there is a need to legalize gay marriages taking this perspective into consideration. The third thesis statement argues that legalizing gay marriage is necessary for the security and well-being of the children that gay couples are caring for. Herein, the paper attempts to analyze whether children of gay couples would entail the security required if gay marriages are legalized. Thus, on the basis of the above three thesis statements, the paper tries to formulate an understanding of whether denying marriage to homosexual couples leads to denial of civil rights to the gay community and whether there is a need to legalize gay marriages.

Table of Contents
Introduction
First Thesis Statement
Second Thesis Statement
Third Thesis Statement
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Whether the US community is prepared to permit people to marry without the consideration of gender is gaining our notice daily. Religion and civil marriage are two clearly different entities. Certainly this is completely fitting. Certainly, the state must not have the right to order for whom religious organization might carry out marriage services --- akin to the fact that religions institutions must not set terms regarding who might get a license for civil marriage from the state. Latest census data show that the number of faithful same-sex couples in the US has been mounting, as also the number of same-sex couple's upbringing children. Accordingly recognition in the eyes of law is crucial to safeguarding the emotional and financial health of these families. Besides, legal approval should be on a same footing with that of heterosexual marriage ---'separate but equal' is by no means equal."

Tags:fundamental, legal, social, structure, family, gay, lesbians, equal, supreme, court

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in today's modern world, the issue of gay marriage has spawned a huge debate centering on whether or not gay couples should be legally allowed to become married. Those who oppose gay marriage contend that such an arrangement if made legal would destroy American society by changing the traditional family unit of a mother, father and children; others point out that gay marriage is not supported by the Christian religion. The writer discusses that in contrast, those who support gay marriage contend that such an arrangement between either two men or two women is factually not that different from traditional marriages and that all of the arguments against gay marriage are based on misinformation, rumor and outright lies by numerous national organizations seeking to make certain that gay marriage is never made legal nor recognized as a legitimate way of living. The writer concludes that it is quite clear that if gay marriage was legalized in the United States, our current social systems would not collapse nor become non-existent.

From the Paper
"Not surprisingly, gay couples in today's America see this opposition to gay marriage as nothing less than an issue of civil rights. As outlined in the Bill of Rights, every American citizen is entitled to the same civil and legal protections regardless of race, national origin, religious beliefs and sexual gender. Thus, it is abundantly clear that gay marriage should be legal in the United States in the face of so much opposition which is mostly based on religious beliefs and unfounded cultural fears and phobias. For example, if the science of genetics does eventually determine beyond a shadow of a doubt that being gay is inborn, i.e. genetically predetermined, then what the Holy Bible says about homosexuality is hypocritical."
"In conclusion, it is quite clear that if gay marriage was legalized in the United States, our current social systems would not collapse nor become non-existent."

Tags:homosexuality, gay, couples, rights

Abstract
Toronto cannot be recommended as postmodern tourist destination for it lacks what the contemporary mass tourist wishes in terms of diversion, climate, cheap prices and entertainment. Instead, as Torontonians tend not to realize, Toronto and environs draw travellers or kinds to head for First Nations sites that Ontarians take for granted. Paper is written in a tongue in cheek manner, aware that student will be making a presentation. Main Idea: Toronto is too dull and costly for the typical mass tourist; does draw the genuine traveller who tends to spend very little.

From the Paper
Toronto, a Destination with Little to Commend It - Except the First Nations. Introduction The central Canadian city of Toronto does not fit with early 21^st century destination ideals in a day of mass air transit, interactive attractions for tourists of all ages and education levels. Toronto does not offer much room for ecotourism, for sex tourism, or whatever else the modern day visitor wants. However, reflection on what seems to appeal to stray tourists in the Greater Toronto Area from abroad revealed interest in phenomena taken for granted by Canadians and definitely by Torontonians.

Tags:toronto, second rate, postmod tourism

Abstract
The paper is a brief proposal which lays the foundation for a larger research paper which will examine the "what" and "where" of Toronto's burgeoning hi-tech and bio-tech industries as well as where they are located, what they look like and where they rank internationally. As it pertains to which Toronto biotech firm this writer will visit "in person," the most likely candidate at this time is Affinium Pharmaceuticals under the stewardship of Dr. John D. Mendlein and Dr. Jack Greenblatt. The paper explains why this company has been chosen and relates that the final research paper will not attempt to "glorify" as to understand its idiosyncratic nature within the Toronto context. The paper asserts that what should emerge is an appreciation for how Toronto is making a name for itself not merely in the financial sector but in the bio-technology sector.

From the Paper
"The following paper is a brief proposal which lays the foundation for a larger research paper still to come - a research paper which will examine the "what" and "where" of Toronto's burgeoning hi-tech and bio-tech industries as well as where they are located, what they look like (at least to the fullest extent possible) and where they rank internationally. As it pertains to which Toronto biotech firm this writer will visit "in person," the most likely candidate at this time is Affinium..."

Tags:toronto, biotech, companies

Abstract
This paper proposes that a Constitutional amendment to protect gay rights is necessary in order to protect the diversity of the country. The paper argues that those who oppose gay rights are prejudiced and that their arguments against gay rights can be invalidated. The paper discusses why gay rights are important, why the arguments opposed to gay rights are wrong, and why people should care about gay rights.

From the Paper
"America is a boldly hypocritical nation. We are "the land of the free" but actively prevent people from living lives free from discrimination, from persecution, and from the kind of hatred that drove people out of Europe. The Declaration of Independence, the legal and spiritual foundation upon which this nation is built, indicates that all men are created equal with certain inalienable rights. Those rights are being infringed upon by the same people that claim to protect them. It appears that gays must revolt to carve those rights out of the nation. African-Americans have been freed from slavery, women have been granted suffrage, racial discrimination laws have been passed, and the fight for gender equality in the workplace has begun. As each new triumph occurs other challenges present themselves."

Tags:homosexuals, discrimination, treatment, non-gay, population, proptecting, gays, lesbians

Abstract
The paper explores the broad parameters for a subsequent paper examining urban development in Toronto. In particular, the paper examines the issue of waterfront development in Toronto as this area has become a fairly contentious plot of land that invites rival business and civic groups to do battle over what should be done. The paper explains why this is an important topic by looking at what the economic and social implications of waterfront development are for Toronto. The paper lists a number of questions for subsequent research to resolve. The paper aims to provide an appreciation that urban development in a city as complex and multi-faceted as Toronto is never easy, and this is never more apparent than when the discussion turns to its much-maligned waterfront.

From the Paper
"The following research proposal will set out the broad parameters for a subsequent paper examining urban development in Toronto. In particular, the paper will look at the issue of waterfront development in Toronto as this area has become a fairly contentious plot of land that invites rival business and civic groups to do battle over what should be done. Suffice it to say, the issue is significant for a number of reasons. Over the next several pages, time will be devoted to outlining why this is an important topic by looking at what the economic and social implications of waterfront development are for Toronto. Proceeding further, the paper will..."

Tags:waterfront, toronto, planning