Abstract This essay is in the form of a letter from the Apostle Matthew to Paul. The letter cogently outlines Matthew's points of disagreement with Paul on issues of doctrine, practice and adherence to the laws according to the Old Testament.
From the Paper "Dear Paul,
"I have come upon your letter written to the people of Galatia and I am appalled that you take the laws of the Torah so lightly. You claim that you received a revelation from Jesus Christ and are; therefore, an apostle of Jesus. How then could you have misunderstood the reason for his existence here on earth? You have stated, "A man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ" and that "by observing the law no one will be justified." You are preaching this to Gentile Christians, telling them they are not required to obey the Law of Moses. You do this because you believe Jesus came to abolish the Jewish laws, while the opposite is true."
Abstract The paper discusses how the relatively short chapter of James, when compared to the longer writings of Paul to the Romans, appears to illustrate many dividing messages from the early church. The more prolific author, Paul, conveys a much more political agenda, speaking decisively regarding Jews, Gentiles and the Law, while James instead focuses on the importance of actions in faith, writing for "all God's people scattered over the whole world." The paper explains that as these two authors are writing for different audiences, they write with particular purposes. The paper discusses how the letter of James looks closely at specific practices of the Christian beliefs, illustrating how faith is meant to properly be put into action.
Abstract The paper examines the ways in which morality of both Aristotle's and Paul's schools of thought come together in modern America. It looks at how Aristotle's idea of reason, or "logos," must be taught and then be used in the real world. It then moves on to Paul, who believes that morality must be gained by giving oneself completely to God. The paper finally looks at how modern America has brought these two schools of thought together.
From the Paper "Do to others as you would have them do to you," is something we have all heard in some form or another at some point in our lives. To put it another way would be to treat people how you would want to be treated. This simple rule can be seen as the foundation, the beginning of many people's moral code, which they will use for the rest of their lives. It will guide their decision-making processes from the simplest choices like whether or not to tell a white lie, and all the way up to life and death situations. The question is how do we come to those decisions that can have such far-reaching consequences and feel comfortable that we have made the right, or shall we say the best decision? Are moral decisions based on the rules we have been taught by our parents, the laws of society, the consequences of an action, or a more deep desire to promote goodness in the world in which we live in? There has been a countless number of people who have attempted to define the moral code. Aristotle believed that one learns morality through philosophy and then actually using it in the real world. The apostle Paul thought that one should follow God's will, or moral code, out of love and faith. Modern America can see a convergence of these two schools of thought, which form our morality. Our morality comes from learning through our parents, religion, and the society around us where by repetition of these rules we are able to base our decisions on these principles, which are ultimately used with our natural reason."
Abstract This paper examines Paul's first letter to the Thessalonians. The paper briefly adumbrates the historical context within which Paul was writing in 50-51 CE and the paper also examines the enduring themes that are to be found in the historically important correspondence. More than that, the paper adds the writer's personal comments and notes how the immanence of Christ was of great importance in this letter and how it remains a central plank of Christianity today.
From the Paper "The first century AD was a time of great turmoil for Christians. Jesus, of course, had been executed at Golgotha and the Roman Empire was taking concerted steps to drive Christianity out of its environs. The following brief paper will briefly outline Paul's first letter by discussing his targeted audience and the purpose for his writing to them. Beyond that, the paper will offer a synopsis of the major themes encompassed within his letter as well as a few personal comments by the writer as to how these works impacted him personally. In the final analysis, Paul's first letter to the Thessalonians was intended to be a means of bolstering the faith of a small congregation that was facing enormous challenges and not just a little religious persecution. "
Abstract This paper discusses the major purpose of St. Paul's "Letters to the Romans," a chapter in the Christian Bible. These letters served to introduce ideas behind Christianity such as the faithfulness of God and salvation to the masses. The author also explains that Paul's concerns about the Romans as inspired him to write these letters.
From the Paper "St. Paul's letters to the Romans had many purposes the main one however, was the uniting of the church and the exhortation to the Gentile Christians to be more accepting of their Jewish brothers and sisters in Christ since the church was at that time comprised of mainly Gentile Christians. Paul knew that a church characterized by harmony would bring glory and honor to God however, Paul had other reasons as well for writing the letters to the Romans."
Abstract An analysis of his upbringing and youth in what contributed to the type of adult he was. The writer claims that when people hear the name Paul Revere, they think a great American hero who was a crucial part of the revolutionary war.
From the Paper "Paul Revere was the typical ingenious man of his period, the buoyant and versatile Yankee who could ride express for the committee of Safety, make the most beautiful silver of his period, roll copper and engrave copperplate, carve a false tooth, set up a powder mill, command an artillery regiment, cast cannons or bells, and print money. Through the years of growing bitterness, of secret political clubs, marching mobs, an army of occupation and arraying of class against class, Paul Revere was a rock of strength on the patriots" side. The story of his life is the making of the revolution.?
Tags: boston, jefferson, party, paul, revere, revolutionary, tea, thomas, war
Abstract This paper reviews and provides a personal critique of the design principles used by Grant Wood in his piece "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere." The author writes the paper in four chapters, each of which focus on a different principle and observation, as follows:
Design Description
Elements and Principles Used
Interpreting the Design and its Meaning
Evaluating the Design - What Works and What could be Improved?
From the Paper "Upon first glance, most viewers would see the church that lies in the main focal area of the painting. A linear stark-white steeple, shooting out against the bulbous earthy greens and shadowy brown-grays is striking in this well thought-out and designed paining of Paul Revere's famous ride. From the tiny tip of white jutting out amidst the deep black of night, the viewer's eye is drawn by the use of light and line from the top of the steeple down - down to the simple rectangular shapes of the steeple base; down to the rectangular shape of the building; down to the rectangular door; and then, by surprise, down to the true focus of this paining, Paul Revere himself. He is represented by a wild splat of black on a horse possessed."
Abstract This paper examines the papal encyclical by John Paul II "On Human Work" , issued in 1981. The author reviews the world situation at the time of issuance. The paper highlights the moral content of the argument.
From the Paper ""On Human Work" (also titled "Laborem Exercens"), the first two Latin words of the text was
John Paul II's memorial to a previous encyclical "Rerum Novarum" written by Pope Leo XIII. "On Human Work" was issued at a time when the world was undergoing change."
Tags: John, Paul, II, On, Human, Work, Labor, Capital
Abstract This paper discusses the life and times of Paul Revere, one of America's more celebrated and controversial historical figures. Specifically the paper looks at Revere's early life as well as the events which precipitated the American Revolution. More than that, the paper looks at the details of Revere's ride on the evening of April 18-19, 1775 inasmuch as no other country horse ride in American history contributed to so much change.
From the Paper "Paul Revere's midnight ride to Lexington to tell Samuel Adams and John Hancock that British soldiers were pushing forth to capture them has become a part of American lore. However, while Revere's actions on the evening of April 18-19, 1775, are well-known to most Americans, his life story is generally not. The following paper will briefly discuss the early life of Paul Revere as well as offering some background into the revolutionary war. Moreover, time will be devoted to looking at the details of Revere's actions that memorable night - actions which changed his life and, quite possibly, the course of the war."
Abstract This paper reports on "Paul Robeson: A Biography" by Martin Bauml Duberman, which tells about the man who made a name as one of the most famous black singers and actors of the twentieth century. He achieved his success at a time when racism and discrimination were prevalent and he fought against these ills and became an activist on these and similar issues. He further ran afoul of the political forces of the time because of his communist leanings and this reduced his ability to work in his later years. The paper explains that, in this book, Duberman provides a detailed account of Robeson's life, an in-depth biography that covers Robeson's life and work, including material from his letters and other writings as well as interviews, newspaper and magazine articles, and so on.
Abstract This paper discusses PaulGauguin's Tahitian paintings, focusing particularly on his work "Whence Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?". The paper explains that Gauguin's Tahitian paintings celebrate the mysteriousness and unique beauty of his new land, but are rarely accurate pictures of Tahitian life. The paper then describes this individual painting, its meaning and comments by art critics. The overall message of the painting, the author concludes, is that every person continues on the path of life, taking turns going through each phase in the eternally rotating life cycle. The paper uses footnotes instead of a bibliography.
From the Paper "Although Gauguin's painting poses three questions "Whence Do We Come? What Are We? Where Are We Going?", it ultimately asks a single intimate question that has continued to plague mankind: what is our purpose? This is an important aspect of his painting: it asks the questions, rather than answering them. Because of this united meaning behind all three questions, it would be impossible to contemplate one question without somehow touching upon the other two."
Tags: questions, unmodulated color, oppositions life cycle, symbolic
Abstract This paper discusses how Post-Impressionist artists were interested in the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche, particularly in his concept of the Ubermensch, a superman who would be capable through intense struggle of surmounting the lower forces that would limit his ability to achieve. and how the idea that man could evolve beyond his present capacities influenced the relationship of European man to previous cultures and to contemporary but less "civilized" societies. It explores the ways in which PaulGauguin applied the Ubermensch concept to his art and to his life and examines parallel motifs in the oeuvres of his contemporaries. It details his life from his birth 1848 through his initial career as a stockbroker and his influence by Impressionist art.
From the Paper "The most enigmatic of his self-portraits is one of his 1889 ones, his now familiar features reduced almost to a caricature. His powerful body, hawk-like nose, slanted eyes and high cheekbones give him the appearance of a Mongol conqueror, and the gorgeous reds and golds of the paints create an exotic atmosphere. Two apples dangle over his shoulder, and a sinuous serpent meanders across his chest. Over his head, a halo hovers. He is now a Magus, a powerful supernatural being with divine powers ? the realization of the full potential of the ubermensch. Inasmuch as he will be dead in 1901, it may well be that his syphilis had progressed by 1889 to an extent that he was delusional. Certainly the ego and the violent personality that had been developing in Tahiti and later in Atuana reached their culmination in a belief in self that seems excessive, even for an artistic personality."
Tags: van, gogh, impressionists, art, modernist, biography
Abstract This paper, which includes a picture of the painting itself, begins by examining the contents of the painting. It then discusses why the inclusion of this painting in the Dallas Museum "10 Treasures" collection is problematic for several reasons, ranging from the fact that Gauguin is called a representative of European art and that the selection of this particular work of Gauguin? was not his best.
From the Paper "Paul Gaugin was born during the 1848 revolution, and in 1883 (a stockbroker with five children and a wife with whom he had difficulties) met artist Camille Pissarro, one of the central figures in the Impressionist movement. This meeting marks one of the seminal influences in his life, one that took him away from the stockmarket and into the world of art collecting, and thence to collecting. This writer's interest in Gaugin was fired by viewing the recent Van Gogh touring exhibition and gazing at some of the paintings on display and wondering what about them created a desire to pay millions and millions of dollars for such works. In the tape recorded "tour" that went with the exhibit, there was some mention of the relationship between Van Gogh and Gaugin."
Abstract This paper discusses how, when the artist Vincent Van Gogh requested self-portraits from his artist friends in Paris, Gauguin sent his with the inscription 'Les Miserables', identifying himself and the artist in general with Victor Hugo's character Jean Valjean. It explores the theme of the artist as outsider through the work and interaction of Van Gogh and Gauguin, focusing on the period they spent together in Arles at the 'Yellow House'.
Outline
Self-Fashioning: The Idea of the Artist
Les Miserables
Theory and Practice
From the Paper "In the aftermath of his breakdown, Vincent wrote to Gauguin, "Ah_ My dear friend painting is to us what the music of Berlioz and Wagner was before us"a consolatory art for sore hearts_ And yet there are only a few like you and me who feel it?. Gauguin went into the "Studio of the South" with similar sentiments. He responded to Vincent's request for self-portraits from his artist friends with Les Miserables, associating his plight with that of Hugo's Jean Valjean"the fugitive/outcast. But the title is suggestive beyond its literary allusion. Van Gogh went through life swinging from optimism to despair, and Gauguin was certainly mis"rable for a good portion of his days: "my brother understands you, and when he tells me you"re another unhappy wretch like me that proves he understands us? ."
