Abstract
This paper presents an extensive critique of a short article about laparoscopic versus open gastric bypass surgery. The paper explains that the article looks at the early postoperative outcomes of the two surgeries, comparing lengths of hospital stays, complications, weight loss, and return to normal activities. The paper concludes that the article is a simple observational study.

From the Paper
"The researchers in this study are looking to see if there is a difference between the early postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery and open gastric bypass surgery. The problem is stated clearly. The problem is important to nursing in that the laparoscopic procedure resulted in shorter hospital stays and in terms of the types of complications seen after the two types of surgeries. The problem was a very simplistic one which merely involved assessing the early outcomes of the two types of procedures and was very..."

Tags:laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery, open gastric bypass surgery

Abstract
The paper presents a number of reasons why gastric bypass surgery is not necessarily a good idea for many Americans. Specifically, the paper examines the health complications which can result as well as the inefficacy of the treatment in resolving the weight issues suffered by many individuals. In addition, the paper also reviews the cost of the surgery and the disquieting challenges which physicians face when they operate on someone who is obese. The paper concludes that it is a surgery to be avoided if at all possible.

From the Paper
"Gastric bypass surgery has developed an enviable popularity among many Americans in recent years. However, the following paper will outline a number of reasons why its efficacy should be called into question. Specifically, there are a variety of health complications associated with the procedure that can frustrate the recovery process or even bring about death. In addition, the process is by no means one hundred percent effective and it is very costly. Finally, physicians who treat obese men and women face a number of challenges which conspire to make weight loss surgery extremely dangerous and frightening for all concerned. In the final analysis, gastric bypass surgery is not for everyone and should be avoided if at all possible. There are a number of reasons why someone contemplating gastric bypass surgery should reconsider the procedure."

Tags:gastric, bypass, surgery

Abstract
The paper discusses the universal struggle with weight and why it is happening. The paper focuses on gastric bypass surgery as an option for the severely obese, whose weight has a direct effect on their health. The paper describes the types of gastric bypass surgery available and includes two diagrams. The paper looks at the effects, dangers, benefits and costs of the surgery. The paper provides interviews with people who have undergone the procedure and maintains that gastric bypass surgery is clearly a reasonable solution to extreme obesity.

From the Paper
"Nearly two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight, and over thirty percent are obese, according to the data from the1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES). The difference between overweight and obese is overweight refers to excess body weight compared to set standards and may include muscle, bone, fat, and body water; where obese refers specifically to having an abnormally high proportion of body fat. A bodybuilder might be considered overweight because they have a considerable amount of muscle, but little to no body fat. In most instances however, people who are overweight are also obese."

Tags:obesity, weight, body, mass, index, intestines, stomach, insurance

Abstract
This paper introduces discusses and analyzes the topic of gastric bypass surgery. It incorporates the book, "Good in Bed" by Jennifer Weiner, with research into the surgery and continues with personal reasons why the writer chose to have gastric bypass surgery. It explains how obesity is becoming chronic in America, and the weight loss industry is one of the most profitable in the country. People try drugs, severe diets, and just about anything to lose weight.

From the Paper
"Being fat in America may be more common than it was even ten years ago, but there is still a stigma attached to being fat, as anyone who is overweight clearly knows. In the book "Good in Bed," the protagonist, Cannie, is a "plump" heroine who struggles with weight issues her entire life. The book gives a little taste of what it is like to be fat in a thin world. "The scales at the University of Philadelphia's Weight and Eating Disorders Center looked like meat carts. The platforms were about four times the size of normal scales, with railings all around them. It was hard not to feel like livestock when you climbed aboard [?]" (Weiner 114). Just as this passage shows, the overweight in America live a different life and I know, because I was overweight for a substantial portion of my life."

Tags:obesity, fat, weight

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the discussions presented in three different articles regarding gastric bypass surgery. The articles summarized are "Medical Management of Obesity" by Ethan Berke, "Hope for the Morbidly Obese" by Michelle Bock-Lopez, and "Mechanisms to Stop the Epidemic of Obesity: Surgical Therapy for Obesity" by Harvey Sugarman. These articles include discussions on the benefits and risks of the surgery and demonstrate both the growing population and success of this surgery. The articles also review information regarding concerns about both the safety and efficacy of the approach. Two of the articles reviewed by this paper are appended.

From the Paper
"Multiple reports that more and more adults and even children have become morbidly obese in the United States have led to searches for effective interventions. One of the interventions beginning to receive widespread use is gastric bypass surgery, which limits the amount of food an individual can consume and thus helps prevent overeating that leads to or supports a state of obesity."

Tags:blood, pressure, diabetes, diet, exercise, weight, loss, food, absorption, small, intestine, nutrition, invasive

Abstract
The paper discusses how cosmetic surgery is increasing more because it presents an apparent shortcut to happiness for many people who suffer from psychological inadequacies. The paper addresses the safety concerns with these procedures and reveals that it is inadequately regulated by medical associations and there is no uniform standard for technical expertise or criteria of patient selection. The paper further reveals that many forms of cosmetic procedures are associated with significant risks. The paper concludes with the assertion that the increasing trend toward cosmetic procedures to enhance physical attractiveness may itself be little more than a symptom of superficiality in American society.

Outline:
Introduction
Ethical Concerns
Safety Concerns
Social Issues
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the last two decades, cosmetic surgery, which was previously once affordable by the wealthy, has become widely available throughout the United States. In 2006 alone, American surgeons performed more than 11 million cosmetic procedures (News-Medcal.Net, 2007). Some of the most common procedures include liposuction, gastric bypass, and gastric banding to enable the obese to lose weight; breast enhancement for women and plastic implants designed to reshape the physique for both genders; muscle sculpting to increase the visibility of abdominal muscles; and face lifts, lip augmentation, and Botox injections to maintain a youthful appearance."

Tags:gastric, bypass, breast, enhancement, superficiality, self, esteem

Abstract
This paper takes a look at nutrition and exercise, reporting that the US population currently faces numerous problems regarding health issues, weight loss and childhood obesity. The paper examines the problems in the way Americans eat and provides a brief historical background of food consumption in the United States. The paper also addresses various sub-topics of health and weight loss, including exercise, diets, diet pills, nutrition and food, surgical options and attributable health issues.

Outline:
Introduction
Brief Overview of the American Diet
The American Diet Shift
Dieting
The Atkins Diet
The South Beach Diet
Diet Pills
Prescription Diet Pills
Over-the-counter Diet Pills
Nutrition and Food
Exercise
Surgical Options
Gastric Bypass Surgery
Gastric Band (Lap Band) Surgery
Gastroplasty (Stomach Stapling)
Health Issues Related to being Overweight
Hypertension and High Blood Pressure
Heart Disease
Cancer
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Health experts recommend that individuals should get at least 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity on all or most days of the week. Examples of moderate activity include brisk walking, cycling, swimming or doing home repairs or yard work. The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports (2006), recommends a little work toward permanently changing your lifestyle to incorporate more activity. Some of their suggestions are to: take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the far end of a parking lot and walk to the office or store, get off public transportation a few blocks before your stop, get up from your desk during the day to stretch and walk around, take a brisk walk when you get the urge to snack, increase your pace when working in the house or yard, mow your own lawn and rake your own leaves, and carry your own groceries. It is also recommended that for persons with cardiovascular disease, an appointment with a physician should be made before undertaking more vigorous activity. "

Tags:health, risks, surgery, unsafe, weight, loss, colon, esophagus, kidney

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in today's contemporary society, cosmetic surgery is more popular than ever. Studies including those by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons suggest that an increasing number of teenagers and young adults are seeking cosmetic surgery to enhance or change their figure or parts of their body. The writer points out that many are opposed to the concept, suggesting teenagers should not have the choice to utilize cosmetic surgery. This paper argues that teenagers should have access to elective cosmetic surgery when they have their parents' permission, as parents are more likely to be able to understand the potential side effects of surgery and help the patient make a secure and well-thought out decision. The writer maintains that patients that do not have parental consent should not have the option of cosmetic surgery.

From the Paper
"Undoubtedly cosmetic surgery may benefit patients' interpersonal relationships and self-esteem, which ultimately leads to a better quality of life. This is more so the case when the patient suffers from a birth defect or other abnormality that affects their appearance. However, cosmetic surgery is not something to be taken lightly, as for many it can prove very damaging and have long-lasting side effects. Adults undergoing surgery are more likely to make wise decisions because their brains are fully matured and because their bodies have stopped growing."

Tags:plastic, surgery, patient, parent, side, effects

Abstract
This paper studies the plastic surgery industry in the United States. It focuses on breast implants and face lifts. It describes the history of the field and discusses the current techniques. The paper contends that cosmetic surgery has become a multi-billion dollar industry and involves many more average Americans than stars and wealthy patients. The industry is thriving despite the controversy over the breast implant surgery and the future looks very profitable. The paper concludes that the industry of plastic surgery will continue to thrive and prosper in the future, especially in the United States.

From the Paper
"Until several decades ago plastic surgery was reserved for the very wealthy and Hollywood movie stars. They would go into hiding, and come out a few weeks later looking younger than they did before. Everyone knew something had been lifted or tucked but it was rarely vocalized in public. Then the breast implant market hit the scene and the plastic surgery industry exploded into a Mecca of revenue and business. Women between 18 and 80 were rushing to have their breasts enlarged. Once this became an accepted practice it was not long before the "average" person was taking vacation time from work to have a face-lift. Cosmetic surgery has become a multi-billion dollar industry and involves many more average Americans than stars and wealthy patients. The industry is thriving even given the controversy over the breast implant surgery and the future looks very profitable. "

Tags:Plastic, Cosmetic, surgery, Hollywood, face, lift, breast, implant, United, States, industry

Abstract
This paper explores a research proposal that addresses the issue of societal attitudes toward the morbidly obese. The research explores whether morbidly obese participants have felt discriminated against and if they felt they were viewed as lazy or unproductive. The research proposal intends to determine whether obese people are discriminated against by asking gastric-bypass patients about their perceptions of their treatment before and after their surgeries.

From the Paper
"The morbidly obese have struggled for years with health issues. Recently it has been alleged that they are also being discriminated against in the workforce. It has been alleged that the morbidly obese are treated differently than the non obese because the morbidly obese are thought to be lazy and a financial risk due to their size."

Tags:health, insurance, sick, days, financial, risks, employers, hire, disability, payments, discrimination