Abstract This paper discusses the "Multiple Intelligence" theory, proposed by HowardGardner and how his theory of the mind could revolutionize education. An in depth discussion is given on each of the "intelligences" as well as the criteria for determining new ?intelligences.?
From the Paper "This new theory, the Multiple Intelligence Theory or MI theory was proposed by psychologist Howard Gardner in 1983. The Multiple Intelligence Theory shatters the conventional theory on the mind and intelligence. Conventional wisdom dictates that there is one intelligence in the human mind. The thought is either you are "smart" or you are ?dumb.? This can lead some people to think that they are ?dumb because they do not have logical skills, or they cannot do math, etc. Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory differs from conventional thought in that the Multiple Intelligence theory states that the human intelligence is made of many different intelligences of different strengths. Different intelligences can be stronger in one person than another, and all people have all of the intelligences. People think and understand in their stronger intelligences while they get confused when trying to understand things in their weaker intelligences. "
Abstract This paper examines Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences- the history, the details, and the impact, and discusses the flaws of standardized testing and how the blossoming field of brain research has led to new discoveries in the sphere of human interaction. The author analyzes the definition of intelligence and how our common, definition has affected the educational system.
From the Paper "The inner workings of intelligence, intellect, and rational have been contemplated since the beginning of thought. As knowledge is the greatest gift human kind possesses, it is imperative to our survival to know the factors of intelligence and, perhaps more importantly, how to cultivate the power of these factors. There have been many theories about the nature of the mind since the ancient philosophers picked up the pen. For Descartes, mind was seen as hydraulics, or a fluid in the supposed nerve tubes. The ancient Greeks supposed that marionettes, controlled by strings, provided the model of mind, which gave birth to our word neuron as neurone is the Greek word for string. Centuries later, Francis Galton extended Darwinian Theory and introduced the idea that perhaps intelligence was hereditary. Thus, the study of the mind was transformed from an entertaining science to one crucial to our continued existence."
Abstract The writer of this paper studies the issues faced by the modern man in Forester's "Howard's End." The book is set in the early twentieth century with the emergence of modernization and struggles between the classes. The paper analyzes the relationship between these classes, the challenges emerging from modernization and how the characters rise to these challenges.
From the Paper In his renowned novel Howards End, E. M. Forester paints a compelling portrait of British society in the early twentieth century. Forester takes the reader on a journey through the trials and tribulations among members of the various social strata who compose the preeminent societal structure in this unique time and place. By setting his novel against the backdrop of an emerging industrial empire, the author makes a bold statement concerning the plight of modern man. According to Forester, this contemporary dilemma plaguing humanity is defined by the inability to make meaningful connections not only across distinct boundaries drawn by the existing social hierarchy but also between man and the natural world around him (alienation in the romantic sense). Furthermore, this tale can be interpreted allegorically with Leonard Bast's character representing Forester's model for the common man, Henry Wilcox portraying the self interested industrialist and the Schlagel's (especially Margaret) exemplifying the liberal intellectual 'voice of reason.'
Abstract This paper addresses the significance of HowardGardner's Multiple Intelligences in managing discipline in classrooms. The paper further lists and explains all the eight types of intelligences proposed by Gardner in his theory.
Abstract During the past two decades, HowardGardner's work in developmental and educational psychology has offered teachers and educational psychologists the means of education, but, until recently, he has not made explicit his theory of the purpose of education (the ends of education). His description of the means of education has been based on his research establishing the seven, eight, or nine intelligences. His work in the 1980s and early 1990s demonstrated that nearly all humans, regardless of culture, have seven basic intelligences (linguistic, logical/mathematical, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, musical, and bodily-kinesthetic). Since that time, he has added an eighth intelligence, the naturalistic and he is toying with the idea that there might be a ninth, the existential.
Abstract In this article, the writer looks at intelligence as knowledge that allows a person to learn from experience and observation. The writer notes that intelligence also allows humans to adapt to changes in their environment, or to adapt the environment through manipulation and the use of tools. Further, the writer points out that there is much debate, regarding the nature of intelligence and what cognitive functions comprise intelligence. This paper compares and contrasts two prevailing theories of intelligence, proposed by Charles Spearman and by HowardGardner.
Outline:
Spearman's Model
Multiple Intelligence
Many Forms of Intelligence
Works Cited
From the Paper "Howard Gardner, a cognitive theorist, pursued this idea further by proposing a theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner devised a criteria of eight intelligences, including linguistic skills, bodily-kinesthetic skills and logical-mathematical skills. According to Gardner, people can have different profiles of intelligence, meaning that they can have challenges in some areas but exhibit strengths in others. Because of these different forms of intelligence, Gardner proposed that people also have distinct learning styles. Thus, a person with strengths in kinesthetic and spatial intelligence will have very different learning styles from people who have strong linguistic and logical-mathematical skills."
Abstract This paper analyzes the different psychological models of intelligence as posited by Charles Spearman and HowardGardner. The paper suggests that these differences are due to the number of variables which the theorists suggest creates this level of intelligence. The paper concludes with the thought that Gardner's model is more in line with today's psychology.
From the Paper "The study of intelligence within the field of psychology has undergone a drastic change in recent years. Intelligence has shifted paradigms; it is no longer a simple IQ test process, but current theories have posited that there are a variety of distinct types of intelligence. Charles Spearman suggested that intelligence can be pinpointed into one single factor, while Howard Gardner suggested categories ranging from the personal to the artistic and linguistic. These two separate models of intelligence are distinct in how they define intelligence; although both models suggest that factors work together to form intelligence, Spearman and Gardner differ in their methods of judging this information. Charles Spearman's theories of intelligence were based upon how individuals perform while attempting specific intellectual tasks."
Abstract The following essay shows how the central character in Gardner's novel, Grendel, moves away from a nihilistic sense of self and toward what eastern philosophies describe as a sense of enlightenment.
From the paper:
?In his very early days, even the evil, man-eating Grendel was an innocent creature. "I lived those years, as do all young things, in a spell. Like a puppy nipping, playfully growling preparing for battle with wolves" (Gardner 16). It is only when he ventures into the world and gets caught in a tree from which he is unable to escape, that he experiences his first fears that the world is not as he had previously conceived it to be. With his foot stuck in the tree and a bull repeatedly charging, but missing him, Grendel comes to a realization. ?I understood that, finally and absolutely, I alone exist. All the rest, I saw, is merely what pushes me or what I push against, blindly . . .? (Gardner 22). It is also during this particular scene that Grendel first comes into contact with men.?
Abstract This paper describes Ebenezer Howard's role in the advancement of urban planning. The author points out that Howard understood the necessity of asserting control over urban development. The paper further describes Howard's belief that controlling urban development improves city life, enhances productivity, increases efficiency and reduces the socioeconomic and political problems that uncontrolled urbanization produced. The paper relates that Howard believed that the negative aspects of urbanization could be minimized and eventually eliminated through logical urban planning to which he devoted his life.
From the Paper "In analyzing the advancement of urban planning, it is evident that innovative urban thinkers, like Ebenezer Howard, understood the vital importance of promoting and achieving effective urban development. Throughout the centuries, most cities expanded outward from their central core in a haphazard fashion in response to a variety of short-term economic, social and geographical factors. As this random process unfolded, cities became sprawling urban areas in which the quality of human life steadily declined, economic productivity suffered, and social and political tensions became chronic problems. "
Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between art collector, Isabella Stewart Gardner and her advisor, Bernard Berenson, as illustrated through a series of letters they exchanged during the year 1896.
Abstract This paper compares the epic poem, "Beowulf" and John Gardner's "Grendel." It specifically focuses on the plots and central actions of the two stories- the battle between Beowulf and Grendel in order to save the kingdom of the Danes from Grendel. The paper discusses how the main difference between the texts is the perspective in which they are written.
From the Paper "In regards to the story of Grendel, as a monster consumed by hatred of the Danes, Grendel has clear reasons for this hatred, but the fact that he must take his hatred out by antagonizing them with devastation also results in his own demise by violent hands. As a monster, he is blindly systematically crippling and destroying the Danes as a people, but the only thing that can stop him will inevitably be a force outside the Danes who is strong enough to destroy him. Of course, this force is Beowulf. Strength can only be met by greater strength in battle, and a life of violence ends in death by violence; the cycle continues."
Abstract The paper compares and contrasts the actual historical record of Howard Hughes and his life with its depiction in the film, "The Aviator", directed by Martin Scorsese. The paper relates that Howard Hughes became a recluse, and died alone. The paper also describes a part of the film which brings Hughes' early career into focus, while foreshadowing the torment that tortured him in his later life. The paper then points out that, as with most Hollywood dramas, the actual history of Howard Hughes and the story told by the film, become tangled in places, creating judgments on Hughes and aspects of his life that simply may not be true.
From the Paper "Little of this early history is covered in the film, and the most glaring omission is that Hughes was married when he first when to Hollywood. Ella plays no part in the early part of the film, and the pair were divorced in 1929, but still this too was something that must have had an affect on Hughes' later years, and just as his initial impetus in making films is ignored in the film, so is some significant personal history. There is also much speculation during this early portion of the film that Hughes' lifelong obsession with germs and cleanliness began due to his mother's influence and own paranoia, but there is little real evidence to back this up, most historians believe it is speculation at best. During his time in Hollywood, he made several motion pictures, "Hell's Angels" was not the first, as the film implies."
Abstract The author states that ?Howard's End? is an Edwardian novel written before the Great War. He continues that the plot is complex but is held together by the country house called Howard's End, a metaphor for England itself. The paper discusses that the characters respected the land but not each other. The paper continues to discuss the concept of wealth and compares this book compared to the writings of the American F. Scott Fitzgerald.
From the Paper "But it also stands for something larger than simply England, for it represents the ways in which people can be tied to a particular piece of the earth from one generation to the next. The first World War brought to an end many things, and this may have been one of the most significant things that was lost, this sense that our relationship to the land is one of the things that can be counted on to endure from generation to generation. Already we see that sense of connection being loosened in this book, but it still endures."
Abstract In the world of radio talk shows, there can be no question that shock-jock personality Howard Stern is one of the most controversial show leads in history. This paper discusses the fines levied against the Howard Stern Show by the FCC and outlines the reasons for those fines. Additionally, this paper discusses Stern's long history of battle against censorship in relation to the FCC, and briefly discusses Stern's popularity among certain groups within the United States. The paper shows that while Stern is certainly controversial and disliked by many in religious, political, and women's rights communities, his strong voice acts as a symbol of free speech for many fans.
From the Paper "Specifically, Infinity Broadcasting Corporation of Pennsylvania was fined for airing Howard Stern episodes containing explicit sexual material. While the decision was appealed, the appeal was lost. Following the initial complaint, the FCC heard complaints from Americans for Responsible Television, concerned about Stern's sexual content, and the African-American Business Administration, which was concerned over Stern's attitude towards blacks. By 1993, stations had incurred over $1.7 million in fines over Stern's radio show (Foerstel, 1997)."
