Abstract A discussion of the life and work of economist, JohnKennethGalbraith. JohnKennethGalbraith was a Professor of Economics Emeritus at Harvard University. He was internationally known for his development of Keynesian and post-Keynesian economics, the economics of the modem large firm, as well as for his writing and his active involvement in American politics
Abstract This paper studies the possible reasons for the stock market crash in 1929. It examines JohnKennethGalbraith's book 'The Great Crash: 1929' which claims that the reason for the Great Crash was the over-zealousness and miscalculations of financial analysts and brokers at the time. It discusses how the basis economic theories were suddenly irrelevant afterwards. Finally, it blames the stock market crash on investors that did not want to see the reality.
From the Paper "John Kenneth Galbraith's book "The Great Crash: 1929 claims that the depression of 1929 was a direct result of the miscalculations of the financial analysts and the other brokers which caused the crash of the stocks. He states that these actors of the economic field had a direct involvement in the stock market and had become too greedy to actually see what was happening to the market around them---too greedy to actually fear the recuperation's of what was easily predictable as the downfall."
This paper analyzes governmental influences on case poverty and insular poverty in Southeast Asia based on the article "JohnKennethGalbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs.
Abstract This study critically analyzes the idea of case poverty and insular ioverty in the article "JohnKennethGalbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs. The paper explains that, by understanding the different types of poverty that keep many in the lower echelons of society, Galbraith positions that case poverty is a real concept in determining those that cannot function effectively within society. The paper further suggest that, by critical evaluating this concept, one can argue that Galbraith shows a great deal of insight into poverty, and what factors keep members of a population in the lower classes through government intervention. The paper then applies this concept to the poor in Southeast Asian countries.
From the Paper "These ironic features that are contained within economic barren areas reflect the way that governmental development influences what is to be deemed insular poverty. For instance, if a country like Cambodia has resources in rice, a lack of government development could make Cambodia behave within Galbraith's definition of insular poverty without geographical isolation. ...
"This factor further helps develop the terms of poverty that are imposed upon people, through the so-called insular factors of poverty."
Abstract This paper examines "The Great Crash: 1929," by JohnKennethGalbraith, and the reasons that it gives for the economic downfall of that period. The writer explains some of Galbraith's chief arguments, such as buying on margin and rampant speculation, the lack of responsibility among the higher institutions like the city banks and the Federal Reserve, and the disorganization and miscommunication between governing bodies. The writer concludes that Galbraith gives not only a historical representation of the era, but an almost behind the scenes look at how the higher up were affected as well.
From the Paper "What Galbraith attempts to do is paint the reader a picture of the entire era both before and after the historic crash. The writing itself flows very uniformly in regards to historical accuracy filled with milestone dates and stock exchange numbers, however, the real importance of the text deals with the overall theory or mental perception of both the higher acting officials all the way down to the average middleclass American worker. It is from this perspective that Galbraith's true message throughout the book will claim that the reason for the crash of 1929 is not necessarily the lack of willingness or financial backing of the people; as was the ending result, but rather the high levels of incompetence, denial, lacking responsibility, and speculation that will ultimately lead to the market's untimely demise."
Tags: economy, president, index, industrial, twenties, securities, greed, production
Abstract This paper explains that when Galbraith wrote "The Affluent Society", in 1958, he spotted problems in American society that were caused, not by the drive that accompanies the desire to escape from need, but by the blindness that results from excessive gain. This paper points out that Galbraith promoted a version of Keynes' idea that when economic growth is inadequate, "state expenditure for useful purposes" (including a certain amount of deficit spending) was the prop the economy needed. The author states that, despite the immense popularity of the book, now in its fourth edition, Galbraith's ideas were little heeded in practical terms.
Table of Contents
Keynes' Notion of Increasing Production
Keynes and State Spending
Biography
History of the Book
Galbraith's Central Argument
Pessimism of the Central Tradition
Accommodating Inequality and Insecurity
Making Increased Production the Only Economic Good
From the Paper "Galbraith constructed his argument in four stages. First, he demonstrated that postwar thought about the economy depended on the essential pessimism inherited from the central tradition in economics stretching back to Ricardo in the early nineteenth century. Second, he showed how an implicit accommodation to affluence was constructed. Third, he examined how the pessimistic assumption that poverty was inevitable, "which stemmed from a world where nearly all were poor," was institutionalized in affluent America. Finally, he attempted to show how, once one escaped the grip of the conventional wisdom that inequality and economic insecurity are inevitable, it was possible to imagine alternative courses of action."
Abstract This paper shows how in his book "The Great Crash 1929", JohnKennethGalbraith, a leading economist, examines the meaning of the stock market crash of 1929 which has become a persistent fear for Wall Street ever since. It looks at the events leading up to the crash and details the aftermath. It compares recent downturns in the market today to the Great Crash and discusses how a crash such as the one that occurred in 1929 is simply impossible given the current structure of the market and of governmental and other controls. It analyzes how Galbraith finds that what happened in 1929 was not an isolated action and that earlier in history there had been other speculative splurges, beginning in 1637 when Dutch speculators invested in tulip bulbs.
From the Paper "There were events prior to the Great Crash showing that the market might draw back. Galbraith cites one such in June of 1928 when in fact the death of the bull market was predicted, but this prediction was premature. Herbert Hoover would be elected President in 1929, and he had been concerned about the rising tide of speculation for some time. When he was Secretary of Commerce, he had tried to get the market under control. His attitude was kept secret, however, so his election did not cause the panic it would have otherwise. Ownership of property was rewarded by this time only in terms of an early rise in price. All other uses were irrelevant. Speculation in the market provided early returns and less responsibility, and people were buying stocks on margin so they could have the increase in price without the costs of ownership."
Abstract This paper takes a brief look at the book "The Great Crash: 1929" written by economist JohnKennethGalbraith. It explains how the American population was so shaken by the crash because their expectations of the economy had been so high and the shock was great.
From the Paper "John Kenneth Galbraith's book The Great Crash: 1929 claims that the depression of 1929 was a direct result of the miscalculations of the financial analysts and the other brokers which caused the crash of the stocks. He states that these actors of the economic field had a direct involvement in the stock market and had become too greedy to actually see what was happening to the market around them---too greedy to actually fear the recuperation's of what was easily predictable as the downfall."
This paper reviews JohnKennethGalbraith's history of economics "The Good Society: A Humane Agenda", which he wrote when he was nearly ninety years of age.
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 0 sources, 2005, $ 55.95
Abstract This paper explains that, knowing the cruelties man has inflicted during this century, much of it due to economic reasons, the reader of JohnKennethGalbraith's "The Good Society: A Humane Agenda" wonders whether the concept of a "good society" was a tongue-in-cheek effort to prove to his readers that this "good society" through a higher standard of life is an unattainable goal. The author points out that this book, which demonstrates the demise of Keynesian economics, is more a morality tale than a book on economics. The paper relates that the difficult task Galbreath sets for himself is to differentiate between what is "perfect" and "ideal" and what is achievable, or in his terms---between the "agreeable irrelevant" and the "ultimately possible", which may well contradict each other.
From the Paper "It is idealistic, of course, for anyone trained in economics to proclaim, as Galbreath does, that a good society must provide an upward chance for all, and a reliable economy to sustain employment. This would obviate the "business cycle" of inflation, stagflation, even minor recession. He is, one might comment, a little simplistic when he states the over-obvious: that a steady flow of demand is a vital factor in keeping business going. Of course, if stores sell products customers want, or manufacturers produce goods that are so reasonable to purchase, then the business cycle is on the upswing. What is missing in this idea of a "steady flow" is that manufacturers, given more and improved technology, can now produce higher quality goods more rapidly with robotics and computers that require little or no human assistance, other than supervision. Thus, economics creates the goods at the expense of employment. It is called "downsizing", a word that brings terror to workers and managers alike."
This paper contrasts four different historical texts: Donald Spivey's "Schooling for a New Slavery", Ellen Schrecker's "The Age of McCarthyism", JohnKennethGalbraith's "The Great Crash of 1929" and Charles Fishman's "The Wal-Mart Effect".
Abstract This paper explains that both Donald Spivey's "Schooling for a New Slavery: Black Industrial Education, 1868-1915" and Ellen Schrecker's "The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents"are cultural critiques of apparently benevolent ideologies that harmed rather than helped the Americans they were designed to protect. The author points out that these history texts use different presentational techniques possibly because McCarthyism was a top-down phenomenon while racism has been rife within American society since its inception. The paper relates that JohnKennethGalbraith's "The Great Crash of 1929" describes how rampant speculation in the stock market caused the destruction of the American economy and that Charles Fishman's "The Wal-Mart Effect". speculates that exploitation used as an economic tool by a single large company has caused cheaper goods but a less ethical society.
From the Paper "After the end of slavery, Blacks were supposed to become free and equal citizens with Whites under the law. Instead, despite the previous centuries of oppression that were supposed to be undone by legal enfranchisement of Blacks, most Blacks were denied their rights of civic participation, and their education was limited to manual, rather than intellectual pursuits. This is why Spivey's book ultimately emerges as the more frightening of the two scenarios--while McCarthyism lasted for a relatively short period of time, the racism chronicled by Spivey and the attitudes that hampered Black progress still exist today."
Abstract The authorship of the 'Gospel of John' has been debated over the centuries, and no one is entirely certain of who wrote it to this day. There is evidence to support various claims of authorship, and this paper argues the case for New Testament figure John the Baptist, cousin of Jesus, as the book's author. Support for this theory comes from a number of sources, including textual evidence in the 'Gospels'. The considerations of the Baptist's identity and background must be considered in this discussion, as well, as 'The Gospel of John' was written in a very different style from the other gospels, which may be reflective of John the Baptist's unique and radically different personality and overall personal style. John the Baptist was Jesus' cousin, son of Elizabeth who was Mary's cousin, and was only 6 months older than Jesus.
Abstract The paper begins by exploring John Locke's biography as means of providing a better understanding of why he developed the philosophies that he did. It continues by presenting his philosophies, views on government, obligation of revolution, state of nature, and man's reason for establishing government. Lastly, the paper discusses the influence of John Locke's philosophy on modern North America. Specific examples are drawn out from Canadian and American constitutional documents to show the impact that John Locke has had on North America.
From the Paper "As long as people have been able to think and reason, all sorts of different ideas, philosophies, theories and arguments have circulated in society. Some have been good and many have been bad and useless. The good ones have remained known and respected in societies throughout generations and have unsurprisingly impacted the way people live and think. The theories of one particular philosopher by the name of John Locke have had an everlasting impact on modern day North American politics and government. This will be proven through the analysis of John Locke's biography, his political theories, and the influence of his philosophy on the nature of the rule of government in the U.S and Canada."
Abstract The writer presents a general overview of St. John's Wort. The writer looks at the effectiveness of the use of this herbal supplement. The paper studies the dosage and side effects of using St. John's Wort. In this article, the writer discusses the use of herbal supplements. The writer points to research indicating that the use of St. John's Wort in order to fight depression has not been validated.
From the Paper "One of every three American adults regularly uses herbal supplements including both St. John's Wort and saw palmetto, the two most popular supplements in use today. St. John's Wort, just a few short years ago, was little more than an obscure weed growing wild in North America. Today, as Schardt has commented, St. John's Wort is one of the most common and popular 'feel-good' herbal supplements. Millions of people take it as a natural way of fighting depression. However as this brief ... "
Abstract This paper encompasses the entire Christology of John's gospel and is a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the many facets entwined within the gospel's structure. This paper's text mainly focuses upon the issues of authorship surrounding John's gospel, as well as providing a insight into the Christological/theological differences evident between John's Gospel and the three synoptic gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke.
Chapters
Context & Authorship
Comparative Elements of the Canonical Gospels and their Christology's
From the Paper "In order for one to aptly grasp the full spectrum of information that this research based analysis offers, it is crucial for the reader to understand the title of this work; The Christology of the Gospel of John, and what the words Gospel and Christology truly signify. Gospel, as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary, 'The glad tidings (of the kingdom of God)' announced to the world by Jesus Christ. Hence, the body of religious doctrine taught by Christ and His apostles; the Christian revelation, religion or dispensation (OED). Secondly, the word Christology, as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary, is that part of theology which relates to Christ; a doctrine or theory concerning Christ (OED). With these definitions, it is easy to ascertain the fact that this scholarly text will not be a simple summary and commentary of the gospel of John's accounts of Jesus, but will be a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the many facets entwined within the gospel's structure. As a result of the six page restraint placed upon this dissertation, the text will mainly focus upon the issues of authorship surrounding John's gospel, as well as providing a special focus on the Christological/Theological differences evident between John's Gospel and the three synoptic gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. This text will take into consideration and incorporate details concerning the context (time/place of composition) of John's Gospel, possible sources contributed in the Gospel's construction, and unique literary features that enable the reader's a better understanding of the Gospel's literary style and technique."
Abstract This paper looks at the Iconoclastic Controversy. The author talks about John of Damascus' defense of icons at a time when there was debate about whether icons should be used in worship or if they were idolatrous. The essay lists several of John's points and looks at both the positive and negative aspects of each point.
From the Paper "It seems that art is such a natural part of everyday life. It would be difficult to picture a world where art was not involved. From the flower pots outside on the window sill to the mounted picture in the living room, art pervades every aspect of our lives. It is difficult to imagine that there was a controversy over whether such type pf media should be allowed in a Church setting. The word icon usually describes "those religious pictures-mainly portable wood panel paintings-which have a prominent place in the life and worship of the Eastern Orthodox Churches" (Baggley, 1). The Iconoclasm controversy dealt with the debate over whether painted images of the Divine Christ were valid or idolatrous. Popular culture felt that the icon was a necessary part of their worship because it gave them a sense of understanding. It gave the worshipper a visual image of what he/she was praying to and so, made the person feel that his/her prayers were not futile and wasted. However, it was these exact beliefs that sparked the controversy, but also led to the writings in defence of the images. John of Damascus was one of the greatest Christian defenders of the iconodule position (Sch?nobon, 192)."
Abstract This paper addresses issues of audience appeal and historical considerations in the Gospel of John. It discusses in detail the events of the first two chapters, and how these are meant to draw a certain type of audience to the new philosophy of Christianity. It also theorizes on how John's audience would look if he had been writing for contemporary readers.
Tags: THEOLOGY AND RELIGION STUDIES / BIBLICAL STUDIES, literary gospel john
