Abstract This paper discusses the morality and ethics behind lies. It bases its discussion on three different sources, which are attached in the appendix. The paper states that although there is nearly universal agreement in human societies that lying is wrong, most people instinctively know that they should not tell lies, but they do not really understand the ethics-based foundation of why lying is wrong. A close examination leads the paper to the conclusion that while lying is ethically and morally wrong in most conceivable cases, there do seem to be conditions and circumstances in which lying is not wrong.
From the Paper "Ultimately, examining these different ethical perspectives on lying and taking into account various contributing factors indicates that while lying is ethically and morally wrong in most conceivable cases, there do seem to be conditions and circumstances in which lying is not wrong. Some philosophers have argued that it even appears to be the case that in relatively rare circumstances, not lying would be morally and ethically wrong. But these are exceptions to the prevailing ethical and moral standard that lying is wrong."
Abstract This paper looks at one of Al Franken's (the writer and performer of the popular television show Saturday Night Live) most popular works, "Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right. " First, the paper discusses several types of media bias that Franken reveals. Then, it looks at some of arguments that Franken makes about mainstream media coverage, as well as his criticisms of conservative media pundits and media sources. All the while, the paper presents the writer's opinion as to Franken's validity.
From the Paper "Al Franken and Lies Going from writer and performer on the ever-popular television show, Saturday Night Live, Al Franken has become a political pundit for American liberals and a successful writer of critical commentary books that are both humorous and politically sound. The first biases that Franken notes are those that "stem from something called 'the profit motive'" (Franken 1). "
Abstract This paper evaluates the ethics of lying in business in the context of two recent high profile cases: Enron and Martha Stewart. It concludes that lying is bad business that cannot be justified.
Abstract This paper argues that lying in business cannot be justified, even if it is to protect trade secrets. The paper uses two high profile cases as examples: Martha Stewart's case where she was found guilty of insider trading and the Enron scandal which involved the entire financial assets of the company.
From the Paper "Some executives justifying to protect trade secrets or to maintain a competitive advantage that could affect their ability to remain profitable. There are those, however, who feel that lying calls an individual's-or a company's-integrity into question. If a company is willing to lie about its product, or its plans or in its advertising what else does it lie about? This research examines two recent high-profile instances of company executives caught lying and concludes that lying by company officials cannot be justified."
Abstract The paper analyzes the book; "Lies My Teacher Told Me" by James Loewen. The paper quotes the author's analysis of the content and style of history books used in American classrooms. The paper examines the author's claim that these history books focus is on patriotic highlights of American history rather than fostering critical thinking skills.
From the Paper ""High school students hate history." So begins the powerful book; "Lies My Teacher Told Me" by James Loewen, which seeks to establish the underlying reasons for why this statement is all too. As Loewen puts it; "Our situation is this: American history is full of fantastic and important stories. These stories have the power to spellbind audiences, even audiences of difficult seventh graders. Yet they sleep through the classes that present it." (Loewen introduction)"
Abstract This paper explains that, although most Christians, in the 21st century, are not aware of one of the best Christian writers of the 20th century, Gilbert K.Chesterton, almost every single person has been influenced by him in some way. The author points out that Chesterton's writing was not limited to religious inspiration but also Gandhi cited Chesterton as a source of inspiration in his struggle to free India from Britain. The paper stresses that, in order to understand the particular power of "Heretics", it is important to realize that Chesterton wrote this book because he clearly was alarmed by the then-modern trend that led people to disavow religious affiliations.
Table of Contents:
Summary
Interpretation
Conclusion
From the Paper "Chesterton goes on to discuss Bernard Shaw. First, Chesterton points out that Shaw's critics, who describe Shaw as similar to a chameleon and able to change at a moment's notice, are wrong, and that Shaw is actually very consistent. According to Chesterton, Shaw's oratory and reasoning power consists in applying a consistent standard to anything and everything that he encounters. However, he also points out that Shaw has failed to see things as they are. This failure to see things as they are is something that Chesterton attributes to Shaw's concept of the Superman."
Abstract This paper provides a review of the mid-Atlantic bed and breakfast industry through a survey of various bed and breakfast owners and a review of the success of bed and breakfast start-ups in the region. This review includes data on the general employment and unemployment rates in the mid-Atlantic region and a discussion of the reasons for displacement from the manufacturing industry. A review of the pros and cons of entering into a new bed and breakfast establishment, or entering into an established bed and breakfast, are then also presented. A short review of the skills and requirements that are necessary to run a successful bed and breakfast establishment is also presented. Finally, a discussion of the merits of entering into the trade is presented.
From the Paper "We have also seen, however, through a telephone interview with a high-ranking official at the United States Bed and Breakfast Association, that the number of bed and breakfast establishments in the mid-Atlantic region decreased by over 25% in the previous four years, and that the main reason he could see for the failure of this number of businesses was a failure on the part of the owners to devote themselves, wholly and efficiently, to the setting up and day-to-day running of their bed and breakfast establishment."
Abstract Loss of pregnancy before 23 weeks happens in 10 - 20 % of pregnancies. It is associated with chromosomal defects in about one half to one third of the cases. Many interventions are used, but bed rest is the most common. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effect of prescription of bed rest during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage in women at high risk. The paper concludes that although bed rest is widely used to reduce the risk for preterm birth, there is no evidence that this practice is beneficial. Further research evidence is needed to support or refute the efficacy of bed rest in women with high risk for miscarriage.
From the Paper "Currently there is not enough evidence to support the use of bed rest in multiple fetus pregnancies. Although there is a suggestion that fetal growth is improved, no other risk reduction is evident. For uncomplicated twin pregnancies, the risk is actually increased if bed rest is used. Further research evidence is necessary to be able to recommend this clinical practice."
Abstract In his poem, "Beds", Charlie Smith charts his journey through addiction, through a catalogue or 'heaping figure' of beds he has known throughout his life. The paper examines this technique and the importance of metaphor as tool for raking through challenging subject matter.
From the Paper "Whatever one chooses to call the technique, Smith's handling of it is masterly. He takes an everyday object and uses it as a vehicle through which to explore a situation and its accompanying emotions. He continually implodes the object through constant re-inspection, "heaping" one kind of bed upon the other, exhausts it, turning it over and over, examining it ever closer until it ceases to be merely a bed and becomes a metaphor for each step of his journey. Smith's catalogue of beds are the landmarks of his recovery."
Abstract The paper presents a research proposal that focuses on bed and breakfast (B&B) inns in seven U.S. southern states and seeks to understand the marketing techniques used by the owners of the B&Bs. The proposal also examines what led customers to choose the Bed and Breakfast in which they stayed over others in the area. The paper relates the methodology of the proposed research and provides a literature review.
Outline:
Abstract
Statement of Problem
Significance of Research
Introduction
Proposed Methodology
Literature Review
Findings of Study
Research Design
From the Paper "The Bed and Breakfast (B&B) operations are believed to have been the first form of accommodations available to travelers however, those establishments have historically been replaced by inns and hotels. The Bed & Breakfast (B&B) is however, making a comeback for travelers who prefer a "home-like" hospitality with breakfast served to begin the day. Because this business is making a comeback entering into this type of business is desirable however, requires an understanding of what makes the Bed & Breakfast operation marketable and thereby profitable. The origins of the Bed and Breakfast Inn is historic, based on the traditions of New England and Europe. Country inns, indigenous to New England, provided food and lodging to travelers and locals, and were often a focal point for a community."
Abstract This paper examines how the poem by Philip Larkin, "Talking in Bed" discusses alienation and isolation from humankind. It looks at how the poem can be compared to Franz Kafka's, "The Metamorphosis", because it deals with isolation and estrangement from one's own comfort. In this case, his home life. It discusses how both works deal with ontological issues- the state of being- and present themselves in a bleak, murky tone and how Larkin and Kafka both share experiences of isolation and alienation from their societies.
From the Paper "The sense of broken communication is well displayed through the structure and form of the poem. The iambic pentameter and the three-tercet rhyme scheme (aba, cac, dcd, eee) portray the absence of continuity and the broken-up nature of the couple's discourse. Each stanza in the poem, with exception given to the third stanza, contains end-stopped lines. This form displays the isolation of each stanza in relation to the couple isolating themselves from one another. "At the unique distance from isolation/It becomes still more difficult to find" (Larkin, 9-10) discusses the unique isolation the couple is faced with and contains no end-stop punctuation to separate the two verses. "
Abstract The paper explores a common problem in the control of diabetes, nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes. The paper explains how many people experience hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) levels during the night. As a remedy for this situation, many doctors have suggested a snack before bedtime to help get the patient through until morning. The paper discusses how there has been mixed evidence from clinical studies that indicates that a bed time snack may not always be able to control night time hypoglycemic episodes. The research examines the role of carbohydrate loading throughout the day as a possible solution to the dilemma. The paper concludes that this study will play an important role in the development of better guidelines to help patients control their diabetes.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Diabetes
Pathogenesis
Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Episodes
Study Aim and Hypothesis
Research Questions
Literature Review
Current Research on Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
Conceptual Framework
Study Design
Study Population
Sample Size
Variables
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Diabetes is a condition that affects millions of people on a global basis. It presents a major medical expense for insurance companies and if not controlled, can lead to serious side effects such as stroke or heart disease. In 2003, it was estimated that close to 194 million people suffer from diabetes around the world (IDF, 2003). In 1985 it was estimated that 30 million people had diabetes. The IDF estimates that by the year 2025 nearly 350 million people will have some form of Diabetes. Among the nations monitored by the IDF, North America has the highest percentage of diabetes in the world."
Abstract This paper discusses how malaria in Western Kenya, an increasingly serious disease, is responsible for more deaths in the area than HIV/AIDS. The paper reports that the advent and introduction of impregnated mosquito bed netting has raised hopes of a new method of combating malaria. According to the paper, numerous studies attest to the fact that impregnated nets significantly reduce the transmission and infection of malaria in the region; especially among very young children.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Brief Overview
Literature Review
Recommendations and Conclusion
From the Paper "The literature also provides a wide range of studies that show that previous conventional methods of fighting malaria have proven in general to be ineffective. This aspect is concisely outlined in an article entitled, When Disease Resists; Malaria's Toll Rises in Tropical Regions As Effectiveness of Chloroquine Falls Off by David Brown ( 1994. ) This article refers to an aspect that has already been touched on; namely that the malaria parasite has become resistant to many previously effective agents. "...the microorganism that causes malaria had become resistant to chloroquine, the standard medicine used to prevent and treat the disease for the previous 40 years." ( Brown,1994) The study also refers particularly to the Kenyan situation."... researchers in Kenya - where chloroquine has been useless for a decade - reported that more than 25 percent of malaria cases in a recent study were resistant to the two more modern and expensive antimalarial drugs, mefloquine and doxycycline." ( Brown,1994) This again raises the central concern that modern drugs are proving to be less and less effective in the fight against malaria."
This paper discusses Cathal Nolan argument that sometimes lies are for the public good, which he presents in "Bodyguard of Lies: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Defensible Deceit in World War II".
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 0 sources, 2005, $ 34.95
Abstract This paper explains that Cathal Nolan in "Bodyguard of Lies: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Defensible Deceit in World War II" does not believe it is always proper for governments to lie to the public, but he does establish a clear line, when and when it is not proper to lie, by giving general and specific historical examples of past government lies. The author points out that Reagan in the Iran Contra fiasco, Nixon with Watergate and Johnson with the U.S. incursions into Laos and Cambodia and Bill Clinton in Monica-gate, all lied for non-utilitarian reasons; however, Nolan differentiates between Roosevelt and the other deceivers of public trust because if the Nazi threat was not stopped, it would have continued to spread throughout the world until democracy no longer existed. The paper concludes that truth should be told whenever possible; but when the truth is not for the good of all mankind, a president is justified in using whatever means possible to preserve prosperity and moral goodness.
From the Paper "Roosevelt viewed the Nazi's as a real threat to mankind. History proves he was correct. The public in the 1930's was weary of getting involved in another war. Congress was dominated by isolationists who refused to support foreign nations with arms or manpower even if they were our strategic allies in the fight for Democracy. The country was reeling from the depression, and many felt funds were needed at home. However, Roosevelt knew the threat of Nazism and German expansion was real and felt public opinion had to be altered."
Tags: utilitarian, isolationists, nixon, differentiation, truth
Abstract Research demonstrates that most of us lie, sometimes several times a day or even more. This is surprising to people who think of themselves as honest and forthright. The paper defines a lie before branching out into other issues linked to the concept, such as white lies, factors which affect how and why people lie, and gender differences.
From the Paper "One particularly difficult situation regarding lying involves a situation where a superior wants a subordinate to lie for him or her. In one informal survey, 82% of women using one website said that their bosses often asked them to lie for them, for instance, telling callers that the boss was unavailable. 91% were asked to lie to their boss's equals, such as partners, about the boss's presence or absence in the office (Staff writers, PG)."
