Abstract
This paper identifies and evaluates the assessment evaluation test called FAIS, or Functional Assessment and Intervention System, as it relates to English language learner (ELL) students. The paper concludes that functional assessment and intervention systems offer a new guiding light for the future of ELL students and, as a result, all schools should be prepared to meet the challenge of an increasingly diverse student population, including many students who are not proficient in English.

From the Paper
"Other problems affecting a functional assessment of ELL learners would have to do with student absences due to illness, suspension, an inability to meet with parents or siblings, or school cancellations. The lack of an individual functional analysis is a criticism that could be directly applied to the ELL student, because in their case, a better intervention plan could be written based on an individual analysis only. Research estimates that the future of "bilingual education" will directly affect one out of four public school students and have a significant impact on almost every school (E-Source Online, 2005). In such cases, interventions derived from functional assessment could also be subjected to further experimental tests, including an analysis of variables in single-participant designs (Schcill, 1996). Finally, during the process of implementing a functional assessment and intervention system, teachers and educators must develop multi-step programs that utilize existing skills and the theory that knowledge of the functions causing learning problems can be used to shape more effective learning potential."

Tags:curricula, classroom, FAIS

Abstract
The paper discusses how needs assessments are indispensable means of evaluating the different functional aspects of any health delivery system, particularly with regard to determining which services are most beneficial to different members of the community with special health care needs. The paper relates that whether assessments are carried out at the patient-health care worker level, the hospital unit or community level, needs assessments aim to provide those involved in decision-making the ability to implement interventions and strategies that can initiate and sustain change.

From the Paper
"Needs assessments are indispensable means of evaluating the different functional aspects of any health delivery system, particularly with regard to determining which services are most beneficial to different members of the community with special health care needs. Whether assessments are carried out at the patient-health care worker level, the hospital unit or community level, needs assessments aim to provide those involved in decision-making to implement interventions and strategies that can initiate and sustain change."

Tags:nursing, needs, assessment

Abstract
The paper addresses the organizational features of the company and how the crisis intervention program can be made to fit comfortably within that framework. Further, the paper looks at the key elements of the training program itself and outlines how the assessment, intervention and management of the crisis are all to be carried out when allegations surface or when inappropriate behaviour is suspected.

From the Paper
"The following paper is a manual for a crisis intervention program aimed at resolving sexual harassment issues at our organization. As time allows, the paper will touch upon such things as the organizational features of our company and how the crisis intervention program can be made to fit comfortably within that framework. Further, the ensuing paper will look at the key elements of the training program itself. The paper (or manual) will furthermore outline how assessment, intervention and management of..."

Tags:program, intervention, crisis

Abstract
The writer provides a brief history of the child and describes the assessment of the child through the Yopp-Singer test of phonemic segmentation. The writer reviews the literature on assessment tools and the screening of children with reading issues and then details the intervention goals and procedures for this child, the child's response to the intervention and the post intervention assessments used. Finally, the writer concludes with a reflection on his/her work with this dyslexic child. The Yopp-Singer test of phonemic segmentation is included as an appendix to the paper.

Outline:
Brief History of Child
Assessment
Review of Literature
Detailed Intervention Goals and Intervention Procedures
Description of and Response to Intervention Application
Post Intervention Assessment
Discussion

From the Paper
"Though assessment tools are frequently debated, more and more evidence suggests that core pre-reading skills awareness determines not only when a child will read independently but if and when they need early intervention in inclusive settings to help them progress as pre-readers and later independent readers. One type of test that is designed to be administered in very young children and tests for pre-reading skills are phonetic awareness assessments. According to Yopp & Yopp, reading research indicates that children who score low on Phonetic Awareness assessments are lacking the pre-reading skills to become independent readers. ( 2000, p. 130) Kamii & Manning provide correlation of the fact that phonemic awareness is in fact considered the most telling indicator of student reading ability in the long term. (2002, p. 38) The Yopp-Singer Test of Phonemic Segmentation, is described and then used theoretically as a pre-test to respond to classroom observation of low phonetic awareness. The ability of this test to demonstrate limitations is essential as intervention strategies can then be put in place to help students lagging behind in these essential pre-reading skills to learn phonemic segments that they can then apply to reading. If such students fail to demonstrate marked change after intervention then they can be singled out to receive more directed instruction and either overcome such problems or move into programs that will address any significant organic or environmental problem that would bar them from independent reading in the future, without intervention. To better understand the assessment tool of phonemic awareness one must at least briefly explain the concept of phonemic awareness and at least touch on the debate surrounding it, this is done effectively by Villaume & Brabham. (2003, p. 478)"

Tags:phonemics, reading, dyslexia

Abstract
The notion of family has undergone radical change within the last century and with that idea of what constitutes a "normal" childhood. This paper examines how it has become increasingly difficult to identify the typical childhood experience within the family life cycle. It looks at how functional and dysfunctional patterns of child development need to be examined within their systemic context and the family's cultural background to deem what constitutes a "normal" developmental trajectory across time.

Outline
The Child Within a Developmental Context
Systemic View of Child Development
Assessment
Interventions
Efficacy and Effectiveness of Systemic Therapy

From the Paper
"The type and level of dysfunction a child experiences and impacts a family system is dependent upon what developmental stage they are currently in. For example, the impact that an alcoholic mother has on her infant may create a different set of developmental challenges (e.g. ) as compared to a pubescent child (e.g.). In order to understand the impact of the family on the child, the child first needs to be understood in terms of what personal dilemmas the child need to overcome in each developmental phase in order to achieve normative developmental milestones."

Tags:cycle, erikson, life, psychosocial, childhood

Abstract
This paper discusses how by extensive definition, the U.S. either has a health care "system," or it delivers health care to its citizens through a multitude of un-interrelated private and public system networks. The paper briefly examines what functions comprise a health care system, let alone a "good" system and concludes that by any stretch of the actual definition of a health care system we cannot call health care in the U.S. a system.

From the Paper
"U.S. health care does not consist of a network of interrelated components designed to work together coherently, which one would expect to find in a true system. (eBook Collection p4)
The argument is also made by several sources that a system is only a system if it delivers what it either directly or indirectly promises--good healthcare for its patrons! And part of the
"system" question becomes what is good healthcare, is the U.S. delivering it, and what functions, after all, comprises a healthcare system, let alone a "good" system?
"The most basic discussion among sources is, "what is health?" It sounds like an absurd question, but if we are comparing health care systems and trying to make the U.S. "system" better, then it is important to define what our goal is? "

Tags:private, public

Abstract
The research is intended as a way to fill the void of information regarding the efficacy and efficiency of a cooperative marketing effort in the farm credit industry. The paper begins with an overview of the purpose and function of the Farm Credit System. Next, in order to demonstrate the value of forming an in-house marketing and advertising service for the Farm Credit System as well as a unified and consistent marketing message for the system, the paper takes a look at how the System institutions currently acquire their marketing and advertising programs and materials, as well as the value they would place on a singular, one-stop organization for this material and unified theme for the Farm Credit System as a whole.

Lists of Figures
Executive Summary
Background Information
Organization of Study
Statement of Problem
Scope of Research
Limitations
Hypotheses
Literature Review
Data Collection and Methodology
Definitions
Purpose of Use
Questionnaires
Results

From the Paper
"With the growth in importance of marketing in business today, it should come as little surprise that there is increased interest on the part of the researcher. Upon initial researching of the topic, it was discovered that little to no research had been performed in the past regarding the efficacy and efficiency of a cooperative marketing effort in the Farm Credit industry. Although many studies have been performed regarding marketing effectiveness and efficiency, and although some have covered the benefits of cooperative marketing, none were found specific to the unique Farm Credit segment."

Tags:disparate, consumer, numerous, vendors, associations, centralized, national, value

Abstract
This paper provides a brief background of the history and functions of the American jury system and provides reasons why this system should be continued and adhered to. The author argues that since its noble beginnings, the jury system has been and remains the best tool that the United States of America has to govern and maintain good order and discipline in society. The paper also maintains that though the system might be fraught with challenges, juries often offer the hopes of fair trails and verdicts and for these reasons, the jury will continue to remain as a valuable facet of the American jurisprudence.This paper uses MLA style endnotes but does not include a works cited page.

From the Paper
"From its noble beginnings under the rule of Ethelred II in 997 A.D. through its formative years progressing and changing through the Middle Ages and into the 20th Century, the jury remains the best tool we have to govern each other and maintain good order and discipline in our society. It has proven itself to be a very adaptive institution. It began simply as a group of townsfolk ensuring that innocent men remained free and guilty men did not. At its very core, this is still what the jury is all about. The concept of being judged by one's peers goes back a long time. How the system functions in our society is also an important. Fairness is always an issue in situations where a person's life or liberty is involved, and the jury offers the hope of a fair verdict based on the facts and the merits of the case."

Tags:law, society, history, justice

Abstract
This paper indicates that the patient's past medical history includes poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and hypertension and significant obesity; however, at the home visit, he was in no apparent distress. The author points out that the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) is a method of providing a thorough family assessment in a healthcare setting, utilizing three major categories: 1) The structural dimension of family life, 2) the developmental dimension of the family life and 3) the functional dimension of the family life. The paper concludes that, on the surface, it would seem that all the pathology in this family lies solely in the range of the patient's medical problems; however, the Calgary Assessment Model indicates that many of the issues surrounding his poor diabetic control, weight gain and high blood pressure were related to family dynamics and lack of education surrounding disease state and disease management.

Table of Contents
Presenting Problem
Past Medical History
Past Surgical History
Review of Systems
Current Medications
Social History
Objective Data
HEENT
CV
Neuro
GU/Rectal
Mental Status Exam
Assessment
Plan
Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM)
Calgary Family Intervention Model
Problem List and Discussion
Relative Lack of Knowledge of Diabetes
Relative Lack of Knowledge of Hypertension
Relative Social Isolation
Critique of the Calgary Assessment Model

From the Paper
"Home visit was accomplished on 2 April 2005. The visit was accomplished in the midmorning and present at the visit were the patient, Mr. Schelley, his wife of 40 years, Mrs. Annette Schelley, and their 38 year old son, Thomas, who lives in the household with Mr. and Mrs. Schelley. The family lives in a 1200 square foot ranch house in a middle class neighborhood. It is a two bedroom, one bathroom house purchased by the Schelley's five years ago when Mr. Schelley took early retirement from a local manufacturing plant. Thomas returned home about a year ago after separating from his wife. He is currently unemployed and living in the extra bedroom. His presence in the house is a source of significant stress and the cause of many arguments between Mr. and Mrs. Schelley. This write-up was done from information obtained over the course of two home visits.."

Tags:diabetes, family, calgary, assessment, knowledge

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the health values, attitudes, and behaviors of the family system. It discusses the role the family plays in teaching healthy behaviors and in caring for its sick members. It examines how the family functions in relation to the external environment to meet its health needs. New approaches to health care involving increased family participation are also discussed such as family-centered care, Orem's self-care theory, Newman's theory of health, and the Calgary family assessment model. The paper concludes that the most useful is the Calgary family assessment model because it incorporates all of the other models in some way.

From the Paper
"The concept of family most commonly used in my area of nursing practice is one where both the patient and family is considered to be the unit of care. It is the patient who is the actual focus and is predominant while the family is given secondary focus. This concept of family conforms to the first way nursing is conceptualized as a context to the patient (Friedman, Bowden & Jones, 2003). The family is more perceived as a consultant in our practice, and there is minimal involvement of the family in the patient's plan of care. The family mainly is viewed as the patient's primary social support resource."

Tags:nursing, theory, care, intervention, medical, medicine, disease