Abstract This paper explains that there are benefits and disadvantages for both full and anonymousdisclosure, depending on the specific situation. The author points out that disclosure involves certain exclusions and exemptions from the usual principle of confidentiality. The paper relates that, without fulldisclosure, a person may never obtain the help he need and other individuals may be placed at risk; therefore, fulldisclosure can be therapeutic and leads to therapy and healing. The author also stresses that anonymousdisclosure can be more appropriate because of culture and stigma; however, the risks and dangers can outweigh the benefits. The paper underscores that debate between the use of full or anonymousdisclosure requires a careful risk-benefits analysis.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
FullDisclosure versus AnonymousDisclosure HIV and Disclosure Child Abuse and Disclosure
From the Paper "The immediate goals then are to have the person use safe sex and ensure that the partner is tested. If the person does not agree to make full disclosure, then this is a situation where the health care provider is exempt from normal principles of confidentiality. The reason is that public health is at risk and other people's lives are being endangered. The process to be followed is to attempt to influence the person to disclose; if attempts at influence fail, then notify the authorities; and, if there is no action on the art of authorities, inform the endangered person of the issue."
Abstract This paper discusses the accounting principle of fulldisclosure and explains that it calls for the financial reporting of significant facts affecting the judgment of an informed reader or stakeholder. The paper also discusses the companies who failed to properly disclose important company financial information on their financial statements, such as Enron and Xerox. In addition, the paper talks about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that has caused the fulldisclosure principle to become mandatory within the corporate world.
Outline:
Substantial Increase in Importance
Approval of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Consequences of Failing to Fully Disclose Financial Information
From the Paper "Full disclosure in accounting has become very important after the debacles of big American companies who misinterpret financial statements, which has disrupted the trust of people in regard to proper practices of organizational full disclosure and accounting principles (Elliott, 2003). After the Enron fiasco, Corporate America has undergone another devastating setback by Xerox. The amounts involved in the scam are worth billions of dollars exhausting small savers and throwing out employees by the thousands. The whole burden of the Xerox epidemic has been seemingly placed on the accountability of the accounting profession, particularly the auditing function and treacherous executive practices. It is a stern accusation on the accounting profession as a whole."
Abstract This paper explains that a flat organizational structure allows for a dramatic increase in employee productivity as well as nearly eliminating idle time wasted in over communication and decision approval making. The author stresses that the preparation and implementation for the change into this model is completely dependent on the communication made to every employee in terms of fulldisclosure. The paper suggests that counseling during and after the change will increase the employee's level of acceptance to this more beneficial form of organization.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Change to Come
The Change Arrives
Group Decision Making Responsibility
The Risks of the Flat Model
Conclusion
From the Paper "If a hierarchy is able to sneak into the structure, the company will be right back where they started and the entire change will be nothing more than a waste of the company's money and certainly a waste of all the employees' time and loyalty to the company amidst the change. Careful monitoring as well as self checks will ensure that the change stays true to the essence of what it was intended to be."
Tags: fear participatory, fulldisclosure, coaching accountability
Abstract The paper examines the ethical issues and requirements when dealing with criminal record disclosures. The paper offers recommendations for professionals that may come across situations where there are no clear cut steps to take, and concludes with a summary of the relevant issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Criminal Record Disclosure Requirements
Examples of Ethical Conflicts in Disclosure Requirements
Recommendations to Solve Ethical Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper "This raises ethical concerns since sensitive client/patient information is shared, that includes medical and background records. Affiliates are also given access to these records, so there must be some kind of security mechanism in place to protect the confidential information. In the case of open disclosure to officials in the criminal justice system, such criminal justice employees are only focused on their portion that is related to client's case, which may be at reaching a charge or guilty verdict. There is the question of how much disclosure is necessary; this may account for a gap in the relevant ethical code that the professional must decide on their own. In other words, a choice must be made between two courses of action. This is difficult because in most cases there are significant consequences for taking either course of action. Each of the two courses of action can be supported by one or more ethical principle, and the ethical principles supporting the unchosen course of action will be compromised disclosure requests can adequately perform their jobs."
Abstract The paper discusses how Alcoholics Anonymous has been an organization that has provided a beginning for many alcoholics to end their abuse of alcohol. The paper describes how across the country there are hundreds of branches where individuals can become members merely because they have a desire to stop drinking. Although each website visited may present the Alcoholics Anonymous Program in varying ways, the foundation of each program is the same.
From the Paper "Behavioral Medicine Associates (n.d.) contends that locating an initial AA meeting that will serve the needs of the individual can be a difficult task. This is because there are a number of different types of meetings, as well as both open and closed meetings ("Your"). Open meetings refer to initial AA meetings where alcoholics, family and friends may be allowed to enter. Closed meetings are strictly for members of AA."
Abstract This paper discusses the pros and cons of full-day kindergarten in California public schools. The author cites sources in favor of and against full-day kindergarten programs. The author says that these programs may hinder the development of children by not giving them enough time to run and play freely. On the other hand, the author contends, for lower-income families, a full-day program can be very beneficial. The author concludes that full-day kindergarten programs are more of an advantage than a disadvantage to today's children.
From the Paper "By definition, Full Day Kindergarten (FDK) is a class taught by a certified staff member that exceeds four hours in length, and although districts in California do not receive additional funds to lengthen the kindergarten day, there is growing interest in this subject. Previous to June of 2004, the law regarding kindergarten required that pupils must not be kept in school for more than four hours a day, excluding time for recess. After this date, Assembly Bill 2407 was passed which made FDK an option. In this bill, several requirements for districts that chose to provide FDK included 1) the hours of the extended-day program may not exceed the hours for which services are offered for pupils in other grades that receive instructional services at the school site; 2) the extended-day program shall offer opportunities for rest as well as active experiences; 3)
the extended-day program shall be based on curriculum developed to provide opportunities for social, physical, and intellectual growth and development, and 4) the extended-day program shall meet any other criteria developed by the State Board of Education."
This report represents a concept analysis on disclosure as it pertains to how it is used in a scientific model as opposed to a normal or ordinary sense.
Abstract The objective of this paper is to gain new insights into the concept of disclosure and how it pertains to the nursing profession. The objective is to establish the groundwork for future research in the disclosure legislation, as well as the day-to-day aspects of disclosure rules. The report was outlined according to Avant and Walker's "Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing". The report layout aims to give a brief description of disclosure and how it will be affected by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and offers reasoning for why this topic was selected. The report talks about the detailed literature search that would be necessary for full topic coverage and identifies some uses of the concept, with non-nursing literature also included. The report then determines defining attributes by utilizing the concept of 'Model, Borderline, Related, Contrary, Invented and Illegitimate' detailing. From there, an identification of antecedents and/or consequences is done, with empirical referents related to the concept also being discussed. The conclusion entails a discussion pertaining to the theoretical framework as it relates to the disclosure.
From the Paper "By definition, disclosure is simply the act or process of revealing or uncovering something. However, in the medical community, privacy advocates and the technology based information age have redefined what disclosure is and what it is not. The United States healthcare system encompasses many different layers including health plans, physicians, hospitals, clinics, consumers, and public health programs. Today, as consumers go through the process of selecting either a health plan, doctor of other health professional, there are many opportunities for that individual's personal information such as a social security number, medical condition or diagnosis to make its way through the hands of many medical professionals in various capacities. "Almost all of us are aware that our personal information is being collected and stored by many different entities." (Soloye)"
Abstract The paper explains the need for patient consent and fulldisclosure from the physician and refers to the Tuskegee syphilis study and the case of a doctor taking blood samples from children without fulldisclosure to their parents. The paper further discusses the need for ethics committees and management in enforcing ethical compliance. The paper also emphasizes how ethics is particularly important in medical research, as a lack of compliance can cause expensive lawsuits and severe hazards to human health.
From the Paper "Medical ethics tends to be a problematic issue, particularly where certain types of research are concerned. Indeed, some practitioners hold the public good in such high regard that they violate human rights for its sake. Of particular importance here is patient consent. Indeed, this issue is central to whether medical ethics are being violated or not. If patient consent is obtained, and the researcher has provided full disclosure of the nature and risks of the study, the ethical requirements of the study have been met. Some researchers are however tempted to violate these requirements for the sake of results. An extreme case of such a violation is the Tuskegee syphilis study, which as become widely publicized as an example of gross human rights violations in favor of medical research. Another case to be addressed later is the one of a doctor taking blood samples from children without full disclosure to their parents. The General Medical Council (1998) is very clear on the ethical requirements for consent in the case of children or those who are incapable of making their own medical decisions."
Abstract This paper represents a concept analysis on disclosure. The paper offers an in-depth understanding of the concept of disclosure and defines what it represents, as well as what it does not represent. The paper's focus and motivation is to identify a foundation for future exploring, measuring, and testing the idea in regard to a full dissertation on abused pregnant women. The paper is based on Avant and Walker's "Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing" and, therefore, provides a brief discussion of the overall concept and insights into why this topic was selected. The paper discusses how it relates to nursing, as well as to abused pregnant women. The paper describes the inherent literature search process and identifies possible uses of the concept, including non-nursing literature. The paper explores how the theoretical framework used relates to the original concept.
From the Paper "It is critical to clearly define the attributes associated with the aspects of this idea. The first is the concept of disclosure itself which will be driven by the legal community. The second attribute structure would revolve around the pregnant women abused in a scientifically significant way. "Walker and Avant maintained that mid-range theories balance this specificity with the conceptual economy normally seen in grand theories. As a result mid-range theories provide nurses with the 'best of both worlds ' - easy applicability in practice and abstract enough to be scientifically interesting. Thus, the attributes associated with pregnant women's abuses would be of a relatively broad scope of phenomena and would not cover the full range of phenomena that could be of concern in this discipline."
Abstract This paper explains that employment, to a very large degree, determines how well any individual will maintain independence in society, which is an important goal for the emotional disabled and is a factor in the determination of the degree of recovery from severe symptomology. The author points out that there had been a trend in favor of fulldisclosure of a person's psychological history, but this is clearly no longer the case as new legal rulings are changing the manner in which the Americans with Disabilities Act is used to determine disabilities. The paper relates that the rehabilitation counselor can advise his or her client based on the degree to which the impairment is controlled and the potential degree to which the impairment could interfere with the individual's ability to perform his or her duties
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Americans with Disabilities Act has recently gone through some fundamental changes, which shift the burden of proof onto the impaired person and seriously change the way in which mental illness is regarded in the work place. "Since the ADA became effective in 1992, the U.S. Supreme Court generally has been supportive of individuals pursuing ADA claims..." Yet, three court ruling have changed the climate of claiming disability discrimination under ADA, as they have stated that the disability must be proven in a corrected state, meaning if some reasonable accommodation or medical treatment, such as medication can allow a person to perform job tasks effectively then they cannot be considered disabled."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of disclosure in medical profession, the admission of mistakes/errors by nursing/medical professionals to their patients or colleagues. The paper examines the differences between open disclosure and self-disclosure. The paper presents a literature review of theories of open and self-disclosure.
From the Paper "Disclosure in medical profession refers to admission of mistakes/errors by nursing/medical professionals to their patients or colleagues. There are categories to disclosure such as open disclosure or self-disclosure etc. Wu, Folkman, McPhee, and Lo (1991) defined a medical mistake as "an act or omission for which the house officer felt responsible that had serious or potentially serious consequences for the patient and that would have been judged wrong by knowledgeable peers at the time it occurred" (p. 2089). Studies reveal that doctors are reluctant to admit mistakes for various reasons. Petronio (1994 b) found that doctors are not willing to open up because disclosure of errors leads to risks of vulnerability. Admitting mistakes to colleagues might result in criticism and loss of self-esteem and disclosing errors to patients invites anger and possible lawsuits."
This paper discusses Alcoholics Anonymous, an organization created in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith for every person who is in need of help to quit drinking.
Abstract This paper explains that Alcoholics Anonymous promotes the idea that alcoholism is a disease, but some professionals have issues with this concept because they argue that this premise means that a person is not responsible for their own drinking behavior. The author points out that some critics of Alcoholics Anonymous argue that group members are so involved with AA that they have substituted the group for alcohol, but the dependence usually diminishes as the alcoholic finds more self-esteem and has a longer time in sobriety. The paper reviews the now popularized element of Alcoholics Anonymous that sobriety, or any difficult task, must be faced "one day at a time".
From the Paper "Alcoholics Anonymous was created for every person who finds him or herself in need of help to quit drinking. The premise of AA is that it should be available to everyone and that it should exclude no one. Requesting funding is strictly against the AA guidelines. One of the most important aspects of AA is that group members are asked to tell their story to other members. The feeling that you are not alone is powerful to many alcoholics. Group members share their experiences and give hope to others who can see no way out of their alcoholism. This hope feeds many group members and some who hear it, may find the strength needed to change their life (Smith, 1993). Group therapy is used for many kinds of problems that people encounter and the similarities in situations create a bond between group members."
Abstract This essay outlines the need for amendments in current British law regarding the anonymity of parties involved in sexual offense cases. The author of the paper argues that the law should be amended to either grant anonymity to the defendant and the complainant, or that neither the complainant nor the accused should have rights to anonymity.
From the Paper "Steady streams of men are accused and subsequently shown to be innocent, yet their reputations and careers have nevertheless been ruined. Celebrities who have been named and subsequently cleared of sex crimes are among the most ardent campaigners for anonymity: Neil and Christine Hamilton have been particularly vocal on the anonymity issue since they were arrested and questioned over the false sexual assault claims of Nadine Milroy-Sloan, in August 2001 Former MP Neil Hamilton promised he would leave no stone unturned in his quest to discourage an epidemic of false sex offence allegations."
Abstract The paper discusses that self-disclosure refers to both the conscious and unconscious revelation of one's thoughts, feelings, experiences and other personal matters. The paper notes that self-disclosure begins from the time one person meets another and continues as their relationship develops. The paper explains that females are more open than males, how businessmen deal with the subject, the manner in which patients react with doctors, and various other examples of interactions with persons in similar groups.
From the Paper "Current Western cultural identity is not generally supportive of those who grieve and make communication in the time of bereavement difficult. However, it is precisely at this time that the bereaved must communicate and self-disclose in order to rebuild their shattered identity and universe. Future studies should discover how civilians can effectively communicate with them and in a way, which will not affect or violate their cultural belief of the self. The bereaved parents should also be helped in finding parallel ways of communicating with civilians as effectively and within the context of cultural constraints."
Abstract This paper discusses Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and their twelve step program. The paper examines the different opinions of Neil J. Carr and Vince Fox who express different opinions about the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous. The paper discusses the pros and cons of each of their points of view and then briefly looks at other organizations that mirror AA's beliefs.
From the Paper "To be more specific, many AA meetings are mainly filled with men who are in the age bracket between 35-75 years old. Alcoholics were once viewed as uneducated, poor, old men. As we learn more about the disease we find out that alcohol affects every age, religion, sex, and race - it does not discriminate. You can not tell that a person is an alcoholic by looking at them. A thirty year old female doctor could be an alcoholic. If a person can get help by relating to someone of their own age, sex and religion, then it should be used to help them with any situation and that if breaking from the norms of AA to do this, and then it should be done. Alcoholism is cunning, baffling and powerful and it is very sad to watch anyone fall to this dreaded disease."
