Abstract This paper discusses Canada's involvement in foreignaid. The Canadian International Development Agency is discussed in terms of what its purpose is and how it is involved in foreignaid development and spending. Controversies surrounding spending habits are examined in this article, particularly in light of the recent issues with unjustifiable spending habits on the Sponsorship program.
From the Paper "Although the triumph of democracy post cold war helped trigger the global economic boom, developing democracies have benefited least from trade and investment. It is crucial for the international donor community to address potential problems of new policies for promoting democratization of developing countries, otherwise risk losing financial and strategic investments between donors and under-developed countries. The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) values social justice, peace, and humanitarianism. CIDA was established in 1968 and has maintained a steady stream of public support in their effort to help the less fortunate."
Abstract This paper examines the respective advantages of American foreignaid to undeveloped countries such as Laos and Cambodia. The paper explains that it is useful to compare scholarly journal articles, for doing so provides important insights into the economic, political and moral issues involved in foreignaid. Two articles were researched for this assignment and are summarized in terms of their themes and content.
Abstract This paper examines why foreignaid programs are worthy of pursuing. The paper explains that they are an investment that can improve America's image in the world, help millions of people and reduce terrorism. The paper describes how much of the Third World is struggling in poverty and despair and people in these countries are becoming increasingly resentful of wealthy, powerful countries like the United States. The paper explains that this resentment is often taken advantage of by terrorist groups like Al Qaeda, which recruits people in these countries and trains them to become terrorists.
From the Paper "Over the past fifty years, a debate has ensued regarding the effectiveness of American foreign aid to developing countries. Proponents of foreign aid, which is usually in the form of food, loans or direct financial assistance, contend that providing these forms of aid is an advantage because it improves political stability in these countries and helps to raise the standard of living of their people. Unfortunately, evidence from decades of American shipments of food and financial assistance to countries like Laos and Cambodia is mixed, for much of this aid rarely gets to the poverty-stricken people it was intended for. Critics of foreign aid claim that progress and self-reliance in developing countries cannot be achieved by handing them food and money."
Abstract This paper presents a discussion about the American intervention to stop slavery in Sudan. It discusses American interests from an outside standpoint and examines whether the American rescue efforts around the world are really for the betterment of the world or for power and monetary gain of the United States. It discusses the motivation behind American foreignaid in general, and specifically examines their actions in Sudan.
From the Paper "Around the world, America is known for its willingness to jump into the fray in the name of freedom and human rights. If a nation's people is having wrongs committed against it the United States is usually the first to send help, money, troops and any other assistance needed to restore the basic human freedoms that we believe are an inaliable right. When one looks things over from a purely informational standpoint it appears that America is the hero for human rights (Chaddock pp 2). However, if one peels off the top layer and examines the underpinnings of the issue one will find that America often champions the rights of those who can in turn help America with power, land advantage or money. America may not be as magnanimous as it tries to appear and it may be self serving need that drives it to stand up for others around the globe. Numbers of those seized and sold into slavery top 10,000 in some estimates (Chaddock pp 2). They are women and children as well as men and the atrocities committed against them are inhuman."
Abstract This paper examines the value of foreignaid programs, which has always been debated, for providing foreignaid to underdeveloped countries is a process that is far from perfect. Upon examining all of the pertinent issues and choosing a position to support, this paper shows that reciprocity should influence decisions involving foreignaid assistance to Cambodia, even though this may reduce the humanitarian benefits of foreignaid and harm the innocent along with the guilty. But realistic assessments must prevail, for throwing money at problems is not a solution and never has been.
From the Paper "The value of foreign aid programs has always been debated, for providing foreign aid to underdeveloped countries is a process that is far from perfect. Upon examining all of the pertinent issues and choosing a position to support, it is evident that reciprocity should influence decisions involving foreign aid assistance to Cambodia, even though this may reduce the humanitarian benefits of foreign aid and harm the innocent along with the guilty. But realistic assessments must prevail, for throwing money at problems is not a solution and never has been. (Johnson) Idealistic proponents of foreign aid contend that American foreign aid to the Cambodian government is not the problem, administering it is the problem."
Abstract This paper analyzes the United States' foreignaid policy and the issues of global poverty. It begins by describing the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and their missions. It then looks at other forms of foreignaid and their contributions to relieving global poverty. The paper concludes that foreignaid policy is not a solution to global poverty.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The World Trade Organization
The World Health Organization
Other forms of "ForeignAid"
From the Paper "Finally, more actions are necessary on the part of larger international institutions if the problem regarding global poverty is ever to be solved. A few of the ways in which this could be resolved is to implement better negotiations and enforcement procedures at the WTO and WHO. Both organizations could adhere to narrower realistic goals within each of their organization's missions. These goals could be reviewed every year, and updated accordingly. For example, individual policies could be reviewed regarding import and export tariffs for agricultural products in an attempt to better regulate the sector. The WHO could begin with measures that would reduce illnesses in poor populations, with the end goal of creating a healthier population. Foreign aid policy needs to be amended to not only support the foreign aid contributor, but also must be in alignment with the developing country that is receiving the aid. Perhaps developing countries need better representation in the WTO and the WHO in order to make sure that foreign aid actually helps them. As a result, these and other organizations could take several actions to reduce world poverty."
Abstract As fiscal year 2004 budget proposals are clogging up the legislative hopper, this paper reviews the Bush administration's foreignaid policies and payouts. It looks at how Bush's conservative political philosophy effects foreignaid and why it is nearly impossible to reach an approximate figure on total U.S. foreignaid disbursements.
From the Paper "To begin with, how much does the U.S. spend on foreign aid? According to the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB, 2002), the U.S. government poured some $23 billion into international assistance programs of one kind or another last year. Of that, $9.9 billion was "official development assistance" to foreign nations; $12.7 billion went for "other government assistance" to foreign nations. But those numbers do not reflect the $9.3 billion that it costs to run the U.S. Department of State (which interacts with foreign governments at many levels), nor do the numbers include the billions in secret military hardware and technologies given to nations "friendly" to the U.S. by the Bush Administration. After all, when it comes to definitions, foreign "aid" is foreign aid whether it is rice, milk, medical supplies, equipment for drilling wells for fresh water in Africa munitions for the Columbian government to do battle with drug lords, or millions to oil drilling companies to restart Iraqi energy facilities."
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to survey the available body of research done on the effectiveness of foreignaid as an agent for economic development of recipient countries, most of which come from the third world countries. In particular, it aims to assess how strong the empirical evidence is that aid has been an effective agent for economic growth. In so doing, it attempts to identify areas where future research is required.
Outline
Overview
Introduction
Econometric Models Used In the Literature
The Poverty Trap Model
Anti Aid Literature
Pro Aid Literature
Qualified View
Observed Gaps in Existing Research
Conclusion
From the Paper "Since its birth right after World War II when the United States of America (USA) released billions of money to assist Europe (Sogge, 2002) in reconstructing the latter's economy, foreign aid has been assumed to directly induce or at least influence economic development in a recipient country. Most donor rhetoric perpetuates this association (World Bank, 1998). Many studies have been undertaken to try to assess if aid actually fulfils its main objective, that is, to promote macroeconomic development in developing countries. After half a century characterized by some serious changes in world economy and politics (i.e. breakdown of Communism, globalization, terrorism), the link between foreign aid and economic growth remains at the center of debates on aid effectiveness."
Abstract This paper examines progress and self-reliance in developing countries and contends that this cannot be achieved by handing them food and money. The paper maintains that progress depends to a large extent upon instituting democracy, because free elections are the one political institution that can ultimately resolve many of the social, political, and economic problems these nations are experiencing.
From the Paper "Due to the political perspectives of those concerned with this issue, there are widely divergent views concerning the success of American foreign aid efforts in developing countries to improve the income and quality of life of their populations. But the evidence of decades of American shipments of food and financial assistance to countries like Laos and Cambodia confirms that this aid is useless, for it rarely gets to the poverty-stricken people it was intended for. Progress and self-reliance in developing countries cannot be achieved by handing them food and money (Radelet 3-5). Progress depends to a large extent upon instituting democracy, because free elections are the one political institution that can ultimately resolve many of the social, political, and economic problems these nations are experiencing."
Overview of historical and global factors of U.S. foreignaid and aid to Israel in the context of realism in international relations. Discusses rationale, politics and conflicting U.S. domestic and foreign interests.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 38 sources, 1999, $ 95.95
Abstract As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreignaid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreignaid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies
From the Paper "US ECONOMIC AID TO ISRAEL: WHO BENEFITS? WHY?
Introduction
As the Republican-controlled Congress continues to attempt to sharply reduce the levels of foreign economic, humanitarian, and military aid, the politicians and the American public are increasingly being forced to confront the issue of what the foreign aid policy of the United States should be. Quite mistakenly, many people view the drive to curtail foreign aid and change the criteria of eligibility for such aid as a radical departure from traditional American policies. In actual fact, American foreign aid almost always has been a tool of American self-interest, or at least perceived self-interest. The major exception to this approach to American aid was decade from the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s when, through implementation of the ..."
Abstract The paper relates that farm aid has effectively wiped out local farmers in developing countries that have opened their borders to imports. The paper then looks at how outsourcing jobs to poor countries harms these countries' economies. The paper examines the arguments in favor of these policies but supports the assertion that such policies are not a solution to global poverty.
Outline:
Introduction
Farm Bill Policies
Pros/Cons of the Farm Bill Policies
How the U.S. Farm Aid Policies Affect other Countries
Outsourcing and Foreign Relations
Pros/Cons of Outsourcing as ForeignAid Conclusion
From the Paper "In the past few years, foreign relations and related debates involving the application of foreign policies have emerged as a growing concern among federal agencies, foreign governments, and the common taxpayer alike. Out of these debates, foreign aid policy and the affects on world poverty have received the most scrutiny as this issue has several pros and cons on each side. The Farm Bill of 2001 and its upcoming amendments have had a significant affect on the manner in which poorer countries receive aid from richer countries. Although intended to aid poorer countries, the farm bill policies have been detrimental to the real interests of poorer nations, and have contributed to the problem of global poverty."
Abstract This paper argues in favor of global intervention as the guideline for America's foreign policy. The paper suggests that by helping and rebuilding other nations, the U.S. gains future protection from them attacking Americans. The paper further argues that interventionism extends protection to American citizens and industries abroad. The paper demonstrates that interventionism has worked in the past, citing examples such as the Reagen Administration's policy toward El Salvador. The paper concludes that helping people in need is the moral responsibility of the world's only superpower.
Table of Contents
I. Our Protection
A. U.S. Citizens in the U.S.
B. U.S. Citizens in foreign countries
II. Past Aid A. Reagan
B. Others
III. Future Aid A. Policies
B. Future
From the Paper "The only way to predict the future is to study the past, and by looking at the United States' past it is easy to see there has been a lot of switching back and forth between intervention and isolation. As a country the United States has been at its best during the times of intervention. A particularly strong time was during the Reagan administration. Charles Krauthammer noted "President Reagan's 1985 State of the Union Address has become known as the Reagan Doctrine" (63). The Reagan Doctrine set a standard and made a strong statement about the United States. Charles Krauthammer added "The president pledged American support to those who are risking their lives on every continent from Afghanistan to Nicaragua to defy Soviet supported aggression and secure rights which have been ours from birth" (63). After this America couldn't back down from any communist movements. "This policy makes strategic sense, since it is a relatively risk free way for the U.S. to challenge the newest, most vulnerable soviet acquisitions" (63) stated Charles Krauthammer. There were a few problems with creating a democracy in foreign areas like Iran and Nicaragua, but for the most part this was a sound strategy. Charles Krauthammer added, "The reason there were problems with this strategy in Iran and Nicaragua was for a transition to democracy the material condition must be there; it must work with what exists on the ground" (65). With the Reagan Doctrine in place the United States helped many countries avoid communism, but it neglected the countries that needed aid for other reasons."
Abstract Contends that the American foreign policy and support of the Russian transformation has had mixed results. Provides an overview of the transformation. Discusses Russia's system under Putin and concerns regarding the establishment of Democracy in Russia. Examines U.S. Programs (USAID, etc) to assist Russia and the functional powers of such aid. Discusses American foreignaid and Russia and past American bilateral assistance. Argues that American assistance to Russsia has not bolstered the country's Democratic institutions.
From the Paper "The Russian Transformation and the Role of American Support
Introduction and Statement of Purpose
American foreign policy in general, and America's use of foreign aid or assistance in particular, has always been understood as reflective of both domestic and international political, security, economic and military concerns (Clad & Stone, 1993). Periodic electoral shifts in the period since the end of World War II have resulted in ideologically inspired shifts in aid policy, as in the abrupt tilt toward free-market development after 1981 and the beginning of the Reagan years; the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1989, perhaps the major event shaping American foreign policy and aid decisions in the latter half of the century, also resulted in dramatic changes in America's bilateral and multilateral assistance programs (Clad & Stone ..."
Abstract The paper contends that America's recent endeavors to produce peace in many turbulent areas of the globe have only resulted in more chaos, the war in Iraq as a prime example. The paper further argues that America does not live up to its high standards of personal liberty with its shocking actions towards prisoners of war at a military base in Guantanamo Bay and also questions the true motives and desires behind the initial invasion of Iraq. The paper critically examines America's stance on free trade that both justifies and promotes capitalism within the context of the international agenda and claims that Americans do not spend as much as other first world countries on foreignaid for third world countries. The paper concludes with the assertion that the current foreign policy now resembles more of a mythic story which is told to the American public in order to justify the true actions which are being taken on the behalf of the American people.
From the Paper "Under the Bush administration, there are several key factors to the overall National Security policies and how those policies are implemented on a global stage. Modern conflicts prove to be much more complicated than wars and fights of the past generations. The United States is not at war with a single nation or country, but rather "The enemy is terrorism-- premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against innocents," (National Security Council, 2008). When faced with an enemy which can spread through different nations and governments, a country must therefore adjust older ways of dealing with a more well known and recognizable enemy. According to the identity of our so-called "enemies," United States foreign policy has taken a very strong stance against dealing with any individual who has known to create terror against free and democratic nations."
Tags: Guantanamo, Bay, Iraq, free, trade, capitalism, aid, liberties
Abstract This paper examines the use of and shifts in American foreign assistance policy to Russia and how those shifts and uses have impacted upon the former Soviet Union, or Russia herself. The paper addresses the following questions: 1.What has been the effect of American foreignaid to Russia since the collapse in 1989? 2.What are the specific efforts or programs initiated by the United States to provide assistance to Russia? 3. What are the functional powers that allow for such aid? 4. How does American foreignaid to Russia since 1989 reflect or deviate from past examples of American bilateral assistance? The paper offers a brief overview of the key transformations taking place in the former Soviet Union over the past 11-plus years. The paper argues that American foreign assistance to Russia has not succeeded in bolstering the country's emergent democratic institutions to the degree anticipated, largely as a consequence of internal Russian corruption and ineptitude and of America's failure to properly assess the Russian situation.
From the Paper "Any nation, including the United States, requires the ability to deal with its international environment in a flexible and effective manner. In practice, this often necessitates assuming the position of global peacekeeper or "policeman," as the U.S. has done in the cases of Grenada, Haiti, Panama, Bosnia, and Somalia (Nincic, 1988). Nincic (1988) notes that policy-making in a democracy must have three principal attributes: 1) it must be based upon the policy preferences of the public; 2) the powers of a democracy's managers must be constrained; and 3) policy must not violate rights and liberties."
Tags: ussr, united, states, gorbachev, liberty, capitalism, democracy, corruption, soviet, union
