Abstract
Because Flamenco evolved over centuries of time in Southern Spain, historians are uncertain about the exact origins of Flamenco dance. However, Flamenco undoubtedly grew out of gypsy traditions, which had their origins in Indian and Middle Eastern cultures. The paper traces the origins of this dance form in gypsy culture and shows how it ultimately meshed with Spanish dance forms to become a symbol of Spanish dance.

From the Paper
"Performed mostly for family gatherings and cultural festivals, early Flamenco was not considered to be a specifically Spanish art form, as it is today. Rather, Flamenco was the express domain of gypsy culture in Southern Spain, symbolizing the uniquely colorful character and emotional quality of that much maligned group of people. Flamenco dance might have also incorporated elements from Jewish and Moorish cultures that existed in Spain, cultures that were persecuted alongside the gypsies."

Tags:Phoenician, Empire, Seville

Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the Baile, Egyptian Cabaret, and Nritta represent a cross-cultural connection in world dance, which embodies the love that men and women share for each other. In this manner, the religious idioms of the cultures described here represent the manner of movement that depicts love, but through the sacred ideals of commitment and love. The writer points out that although these differ slightly in the accompaniment of dancers, or in the stylistics of the choreography, there is a archetypal cultural unifier that relates the desire and higher love of men and women across the world.

From the Paper
"This study examines the multi-cultural aspects of "divine love" in Kathak, Middle Eastern, and Flamenco dancing. Within these dances there is a greater blend of different cultural values that make up each of the formats of these dances. In this manner, the chain of influence upon the Kathak, Middle Eastern, and Flamenco dances offer a multi-cultural depiction of how dance is not created within the limitations of geographical boundaries. By understanding the cultural similarities based in these dances, one can realize the power of movement that is a commonality within the religious and divine nature of love. The Kathak dance is a religiously based dance that formally uses the divinity of love for Indian gods, and their dance in the Cosmos."

Tags:dance, flamenco, egyptian

Abstract
The paper discusses how the state of Philadelphia has more than thirty dynamic and successful dance companies and theaters. The paper describes these theaters that include modern ballet, jazz, tap dancing, modern dance forms, flamenco, African-American, Indian and other types of folk and ethnic dance forms. The paper also provides some background about the Dance Theatre of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Theater Company. The writer concludes that the Philadelphia Theater Company has throughout the years provided a veritable showcase for displaying the vicarious talents of many young dancers of the area and in some certain cases, siblings and their parents too.

From the Paper
"It is an interesting fact that the state of Philadelphia has more than thirty excellent and dynamic Dance Companies, and theaters as well, and some of the nations' oldest dance theaters are in existence in the state today. These theaters are based in Philadelphia, and they tour globally. For example, the Pennsylvania Ballet is today celebrating its fortieth year of existence, and the Group Motion Dance Company and the Philadelphia Dance Company are today preparing for their thirty fifth anniversaries. Although all these theaters and dance companies have been growing through a number of changes over the years, its artistic view point is as strong as it ever was. However, it must be noted that the newer and later hip hop dance companies are thriving in Philadelphia as well, and one reason for this is the nurturing type of nature of the Philadelphia Dance Community as such. (Group Motion Press Room, Kick up your Heels)
The Philadelphia Dance Theater includes modern ballet, jazz, tap dancing, modern dance forms, flamenco, African American, Indian, and other types of folk and ethnic dance forms. Philadanco, or the Philadelphia Dance Company, is already at the performing end of another ballet named the 'Horse's Mouth', and this is also reputed to be a first arte performance by Philadelphia's young artistes. This year's performance of the 'Nutcracker' by the Philadelphia Dance Theater, just like its previous ones, would allow families during the Holiday Season a few hours together to enjoy, uninterruptedly, the magical world created for them by the choreographers and the directors and the performers of the play. (Group Motion Press Room, Kick up your Heels) The Dance Theater of Pennsylvania today is more than twenty seven years old, and it still continues its traditional practice of staging beautiful and timeless ballet productions. The 2005 to 2006 season is under way today, and this is the season in which the Nutcracker is generally staged."

Tags:ballet, jazz, modern, tap, entertainment

Abstract
This paper examines Flamenco and its dance Paso Doble. The paper describes the musical style of Flamenco and its musical instruments, including their physical description, sounds, uses and how to play. The paper describes many different styles of Flamenco music and offers examples as well as providing details about the dances of Paso Doble and its origins and impacts on Spain. This paper connects 13th century Flamenco to today's 21st century modernized Flamenco. The paper concludes that the history, form and instruments of Flamenco have helped to shape a culture and carve a piece of notable music today.

From the Paper
"Flamenco originates from Andalucia, a region in the South of Spain. It is theorized that the name Flamenco refers to a slang used by Spaniards in the 16th century towards the returning Flemish courtiers and soldiers known for their bright coloured clothing and conspicuous manners. Other theories suggest that the name Flamenco refers to the name erroneously given to Gypsies in the 14th century when they first entered Spain and created this form of music. It is suggested that Flamenco is derived from the words "fellah mangu" which translates to "a labourer who sings" referring to gypsy songs sung while working in mines accompanied only by the rhythmic sounds of the hammer and anvil pounding. It was not until the 17th century that Flamenco came into its own form. Through the 18th and 19th centuries it began to flourish in the cafA(c)'s of Andalusian townships and by the 20th century the music began to spread outside remote area's of Spain and into the surrounding world. Flamenco has reached audiences worldwide and will continue to do so because it is constantly modified and updated to appeal to newer and younger audiences while remaining tied to its proud heritage."

Tags:guitar, gypsies, tradition, dance

Abstract
The paper looks at the proposal to launch a business selling colorful embroidered tops, primarily targeted towards the female Hispanic population. The paper examines the competition and explains that 'Flamenco' is a concept that deals exclusively with tops from a very cultural perspective and it is here that 'Flamenco' seeks to carve a niche for itself. The paper explores the brand philosophy and objectives, the design of the product, the price and the location of stores. The paper also looks at the marketing budget and controls in place.

Outline:
Executive Summary
The Target Market
Competitive Scenario
Brand Philosophy and Objectives
Budgets and Controls

From the Paper
"Focusing on the music and dancing culture of Latinos, the tops in bright colors in different styles such as shimmer and colorful embroidery will be launched under the brand name 'Flamenco'. Exclusive outlets will be opened in places like 'New Mexico' and Southern California' etc.. The clothing line will be have medium range of prices while an exclusive premium section will also be launched to cater to exclusive clients with exclusive designs. Nevertheless, the clothing line will be marketed as an affordable pret-a-porter or ready to wear line. The product will be marketed with the flamenco dancing concept that celebrates life and spreads feelings of cheerfulness and vivacity."

Tags:dancing, brand, competition, exclusive, affordable

Abstract
This paper examines how "Dancing Queen" by Abba is a prominent example of the popular music of the 1970s. It also discusses how, as opposed to the scientific view on the popular culture, represented by Theodor Adorno and Barbara Tepa Lupack, that suggests the male domination in leisure culture, the dance pop of that time, in particular, ABBA's music, can be distinguished by its highlighting of gender equality and appreciation of expressive and balanced individuality.

Outline:
Introduction.
Musical Analysis of "Dancing Queen".
Elimination of Androcentrism in the Song.
General Discussion of the Disco/Dance Party Culture.
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The song is composed of three verses and three choruses. The chorus is "You are the dancing queen, young and sweet, only seventeen/ Dancing queen, feel the beat of the tambourine/ You can dance, you can jive, having the time of your life/ See that girl, watch that scene, dig in the dancing queen" (Abba, Dancing Queen, 1975). The chorus melodically differs from the verse, but does not contrast the latter harmonically, as it is perceived as an accelerated and highlighted verse melody. As for the rhythm, the song represents the classical thirty-two bar form, or AABA, in which the A-section is harmonically self-sufficient and cadences on the tonic, whereas the B section is the so-called "middle eight", that seems more harmonically open the previous section but necessarily contains a smooth transitional notes that allow switching to the A-part again. The song writers used regular AABA, which is, however, elaborated by rhyming parts inside the line: queen-seventeen / queen - tambourine/ jive - life / scene - queen. "

Tags:disco, gender

Abstract
This paper relates that Vanderhaeghe's own past is clearly an important factor in the themes that he explores as well as in the setting, plot and character elements of his stories. The paper discusses the character of Dieter, from "Dancing Bear", who is an old man that dreams of his younger self and the experiences he had with bears. The paper also shows how the social and literary contexts of the Canadian prairies in the second half of the twentieth century influenced Vanderhaeghe when he wrote "Dancing Bear".

From the Paper
"As someone who has lived in Saskatchewan for most of his life, Guy Vanderhaeghe is very adept at describing characters and scenes that evoke the Canadian prairies in the twentieth century. This knowledge of and pride in his home province is particularly evident in his short story, Dancing Bear. Vanderhaeghe's own past is clearly an important factor in his work, both in relation to the themes that he explores as well as in the setting, plot and character elements of these stories (Parker). Additionally, the social and literary contexts of the Canadian prairies in the second half of the 20th century have affected Dancing Bear specifically, and Vanderhaeghe's work in general."

Tags:Canada, prairies, Dieter, youth, setting, plot, character

Abstract
This paper examines how dance?s relationship to the healing forces in ritual is at the heart of the question of how we understand the healing power of ritual. It analyses the peformative approach, as exemplified in V. Turners work, before going on to consider the in-depth case study of the Khita healing cult among the Yaka. It also argues for a dialectical approach to the roles of poles in dancing.

From the Paper
"In such a social drama, the place of the symbols involved is that of a displacement that works by signifying - there is no emphasis on symbolisation as process. This has implications for how we understand dance. Dance then, can occupy a positional place within this world, but only as a disguised expression of the social. This is also the case with other elements of the senses and the emotions. In the Nkula cult, the rich social drama includes the placing of initiate's belongings and excreta into a calabash with a figure made of a red tree - this figure is made by men. For Turner, this indicates men asserting their domination over reproduction - the importance of the red blood tree us worked out positionally, as metaphor only has meaning in the transference from other domains of cosmology."

Tags:ritual, symbol, khita, yaka

Abstract
This paper explains that in his book, "Dancing to Evolution's Tune," Robert Wright elucidates on the important role of motivation in evolution and how the genes are self-programmed to achieve this. The author points out Wright's concept that our genes have deliberately destined us to dabble in a world of pleasure and pain for evolutionary reasons, all the time keeping us well absorbed in the illusion because they cannot be satisfied. The paper relates that this evolutionary genetic scheme seems to confirm the truth in our spiritual doctrines because all the religions of the world have one thing in common; they all have propounded the futility of chasing after desires and fleeting pleasures.

From the Paper
"Nature has used happiness as a bait to motivate living beings and to propel them into action. Happiness is thus a reward that man receives when he carries on the duties of maintaining his bodily functions- nourishing himself, procreating and extending his heritage. The genes control the neurochemistry behind the feelings of happiness. On cogitation it is revealed that our basic impulses are meant to serve the main purpose of gene proliferation rather than for our psychological well being as it appears at the outset. Over the last decade scientists have found out the significant role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in giving the feeling of happiness and satisfaction."

Tags:motivation, happiness, self-programmed, satisfaction, religion

Abstract
This paper addresses the Romani, Gitanos, or Gypsies of southern Spain and Andalusia. It details Romani history, culture, relations with Spanish culture and government, and contributions to the art of flamenco, Spain's national dance form.