Abstract The objective of this work is to explore the aspects of raising beef cattle for 'profit' in the area of the United States that is comprised of Tennessee, Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi and other areas of the Southeastern United States. It examines the factors that have the potential to affect costs and profits and ultimately examines the feeding methods through a compare and contrast analysis of 'grain' fed cattle and 'grass' fed cattle in relation to cost, health and profitability.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Changes in the Cattle Business over the Past Two Decades
Challenges and Difficulties in Raising Beef Cattle Herds
Profit And Loss Considerations in Raising Beef Cattle Grain-Fed versus Grass/Pasture-Fed Beef
Nutritional Differences in Grass- And Grain-Fed Beef
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "The cattle business is not a livelihood that can be scheduled on a clock for indeed just as the beef cattleman has decided to head in from the barns and fields it is time for a calf to be born, or a calf has been born and rejected by its' mother requiring bottle-feeding every few hours and around the clock. Other difficulties are illustrated in the fence that the cattle broke at 3:00 a.m. or the sick cow that must be 'put down' in order to keep infection from the rest of the herd. While the cattle business is rewarding and has the potential to be, very profitable it is not a business for those who tend to be lackadaisical or for the faint at heart. "
Abstract In this essay the writer compares and contrasts breast feeding versus bottle feeding. The writer discusses the impact of infant and child's early interaction with food on eating habits as an adult. The writer discusses whether bottle feeding or breast feeding offers less strain to the infant.
From the Paper "In a discussion of eating disorders in relation to food and feeding in infancy and the early childhood years, Brazelton and Sparrow point out that one of the keys to healthy eating as an adult is associated with whether a child's earliest interaction with food was a strain or a struggle. While for any given child what constitutes strain or struggle can differ, Brazelton and Sparrow's remarks bring up the question of whether generally it is less of a strain on ... "
This paper provides an analysis of an article about bottle feeding entitled "Factors Contributing to Preterm Infant Engagement During Bottle-Feeding", by S.M. Thoyre and R.L. Brown.
Abstract In this paper the writer discusses the article "Factors Contributing to Preterm Infant Engagement During Bottle-Feeding," that appeared in the September/October 2004 issue of the Journal Nursing: Official Journal of the Eastern Nursing Research society and the Western Institute of Nursing. The writer notes that this journal is a peer-reviewed publication. The writer points out that this study was well written and maintains that all of its points and conclusions were clear and fully explained and supported. Further, the writer declares that the interpretations were appropriate, led to logical conclusions and appeared to be unbiased. The writer concludes that the article increases the writer's knowledge about bottle-feeding and answers many questions about the importance of an infant being engaged during the feeding process.
Outline:
Source
Abstract
Research Problem
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Variables
Hypothesis
Design
Sample
Data Collection
Study Procedures
Ethical Consideration
Data Analysis
Discussion and Interpretation of Findings
Application to Nursing Practice
Presentation
From the Paper "The research was clearly described as a cross-sectional study conducted in the Midwest over a period of six months. There was no manipulation of the independent variables; rather, the manner in which the data was recorded was altered to make the data more meaningful. A lot of attention was given to detail in this study and efforts were made to control for potential confounding factors."
Abstract The paper considers the 2005 drought in Nigeria and its effects on the children of the country. The paper discusses how breast-feeding can improve the chances of infants' survival by confering natural immunities to the baby and avoiding the contaminated water and milk present in Africa. The paper then looks at the choice between breast-feeding or other substitutes in mothers infected with HIV. The paper shows how there needs to be an information and education campaign concerning breast-feeding, the HIV risks, as well as other methods of feeding infants in Africa.
From the Paper "Africa is considered to be one of the least developed areas in the world at the moment. Despite the fact that is represents one of the richest parts of the globe, it suffers from great shortage of food, water, and minimum decent life conditions. Nonetheless, the international community is either powerless, or unwilling to properly and successfully intervene in this continuous crisis. Although most of the population suffers from the lack of adequate resources for a decent life, these shortcomings are most visible at the young population especially infants."
Tags: breast-feeding, immunities, contamination, HIV
Abstract This paper examines the controversy regarding the use of feeding tubes at the end of life for terminal patients. The author presents the research from a nursing perspective. Additionally, the paper considers the questions of whether prolonging life with a feeding tube is in the best interest of the patient. The author includes an extensive literature review with regards to patients with dementia, cancer and other end of life issues and reviews what has been concluded about using feeding tubes at this stage. The writer also touches on the issue of living wills.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
References
From the Paper "The past few years have seen many controversial stories played out in the news regarding end of life feeding tubes and their use. Society lines up on both sides of the issue and hotly debate whether or not using a feeding tube at the end of one's life is something that should be done even if the patient is not capable of consenting. Meanwhile patients all over the nation languish between the two sides of the debate with their families trying to make the most humane and compassionate decision regarding the placement of a feeding tube into their loved one. Many studies have been conducted regarding the use of a feeding tube on a patient who is at the end of life with differing results. With a small risk in the actual placement of the tube the question centers around whether prolonging life with a feeding tube is really in the best interest of the patient. "
This paper discusses mad cow disease, a virulent cattle disease, which led to the destruction of 180,000 livestock in the United Kingdom and other European countries and plunged other major cattle-producing nations into a global panic.
Abstract This paper explains that mad cow disease is bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or BSE, a fatal brain disorder in cattle caused by a still-unknown agent. The author points out that U.K. reports also listed other animals as having been infected by TSEs, including domestic cats, mice, hamsters, goats, mink, monkeys, pigs, and some exotic species of the cat family. The paper reports that there is also suspicion that mad cow can be spread through human blood; therefore, the American Red Cross bans blood donations from people who have lived abroad, especially from those who spent as few as three months in the UK between 1980 and 1996.
From the Paper "The disease spread to cattle in other countries through infected animal feed UK exported to them within that decade. These countries in Europe alone included Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland (Lohn), which were reported to have at least one infected cow each. The UK also supplied animal feed to South Africa and non-European countries at that time, extending the reach Mad Cow beyond Europe and making it a global health scare."
Abstract This paper provides a history of the Texas Longhorn breed of cattle and the cattle ranching industry in Texas. The paper discusses the origins of the Texas Longhorn, explains why this particular breed thrived so well in Texas and looks at the history of cattle ranching in Texas, explaining that it was Texas's production of beef for the Confederacy that started the industry in the first place. The paper also describes the more famous trails used to herd cattle, the round-up that took place before driving the cattle across the trails and life on the range. Additionally, the paper discusses the impact of the cattle trade on the American economy and examines the cattle industry in America today.
Table of Contents
Arrival of Cattle in the Americas
Cattle Trade
Impacts of the Cattle Trade
Cattle Industry in America Today
From the Paper "In Texas, the climate conditions and the range conditions were ideal for the raising of cattle, and perhaps this was why Texas became so very good in cattle rearing and farming. In addition, there was a liberal land system in Texas at the time, and this made it easy to acquire land, which everyone did. Soon, small acreage owners began to let their cattle graze on unoccupied lands, and others who had invested most of their money in cattle, came to depend on the open ranges for pastures. Even though some cattle were used to feed the soldiers of the Confederate Troops at that time, for the most part, the cattle were all left alone, and they grew in numbers as well as in size, and according to estimates, there were about five million longhorns at the end of the Civil War. The Longhorns in fact had long legs, and lanky bodies, that seemed to have been designed for speed, and because of the fact that for centuries these cattle had been allowed to run wild, they had developed into creatures that could withstand droughts and blizzards and other adversities with ease. In addition, they did not need much water to survive, and they had strong horizontal horns that could attack when provoked."
Tags: single, ancestor, auroch, domesticated, devon, purebred, explorers, great, plains
Abstract This paper examines how, as more women enter the workforce, the question of whether or not to breast feed becomes a decision of great importance. It evaluates studies dealing with the effect of breast feeding on infant nutrition and development, as compared to the effect of bottle feeding. It shows how breast feeding has gone in and out of style throughout the years, but as research continues, its use has been proven to be overall physically and cognitively beneficial and its positive effect on health cannot be ignored.
Outline
Studying Health Care Costs of Formula-Feeding in the First Year of Life
Breast feeding and Later Cognitive and Academic Outcomes
Breast feeding Effects on Intelligence Quotient in 4- and 11-Year-Old
Research Shows Breast Feeding is Beneficial
From the Paper "Breast feeding also has the probable protective effect of deterring sudden infant death syndrome, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, lymphoma, allergic diseases, as well as other chronic digestive diseases (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1997, p. 1035). Klaus and Kennell(1976) found that a mother's milk provides better immunity and eliminates dangers of formula contamination. In fact, infants that were still breast feeding at six months had gained one-and-a-half pounds more, and had had fewer infections. Klaus and Kennell (1976) surmised that these differences may simply reflect the advantages of breast feeding over bottle feeding."
Tags: formula, disease, health, growth, development
Abstract This paper explains that Feed The Children's services are first to feed hungry people, especially children, and then to help them help themselves. The author analyzes Feed The Children by investigating the following variables: continuing mission, budgeting and financial management, strategic planning, electronic and technology planning and implementation, human resources, marketing, and fund raising, with an emphasis on the organization's fiscal accountability. The paper reports that Feed The Children represents one of the most effective and efficient NPOs in the U.S. However, the organization also faces some problems including the fact that the highly charismatic leader is aging, there is almost a cult-like following in the organizational culture and the organization's strictly Christian focus may present problems in anti-American Muslim regions. The paper includes figures, tables, charts and a letter of introduction.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Continuing Mission
Overview
Strengths
Weaknesses
Budgeting and Financial Management
Overview
Strengths
Distribution Percentages for Feed the Children
Weaknesses
Strategic Planning
Overview
Strengths
Weaknesses
Electronic and Technology Planning and Implementation
Overview
Strengths
Weaknesses
Human Resources
Overview
Strengths
Weaknesses
Marketing
Overview
Strengths
Weaknesses
Fund Raising
Overview
Strengths
Weaknesses
Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper "The employees assigned to open and process mailed donations appeared to be the least satisfied members of this organization; they worked under the close supervision of several managers that watched their every move, and there were security cameras in abundance as well. Furthermore, these employees were forced to work in banks of workstations in a stadium-like arrangement in front of glass windows that afforded them absolutely no privacy and many appeared to be unhappy while they were working. In sharp contrast, employees in the warehouses and administrative offices were smiling, laughing and it appeared morale was high."
Abstract This paper details facts on the health debate in predominantly third world countries. It discusses the Nestle formula case and how marketing has made breast-feeding into something to be thought about by many mothers. It shows how before breast-feeding was the default choice of nutrition, formula has taken a large portion of the market share. Pros and cons of each choice is presented.
From the Paper "Breast-feeding advocates around the world state that 1.5 million babies die each year from improper substitution of breast-feeding. That's a death every 21 seconds. Since the 1970"s, an international battle has raged over the marketing exploits of the baby food industry. With Nestle controlling 40% of the multi-billion dollar worldwide baby milk industry, they have been the most visible target of boycotts and legislation. However, after almost 30 years in the news, it seems that neither side has made any real progress. Nestle claims it adheres to international code and provides a very necessary product; breast-feeding advocates shout bloody murder and continue their campaign. How can this debate be resolved""
Abstract This paper explains that Feed the Children organization is an internationally acclaimed outreach program that attempts to bring food to starving or underfed children around the world. The author points out that their mission statement is powerful, concise and well written, and provides an outline for the organization's goals without putting in so much information that it creates confusion. The paper suggests that, if one wanted to improve the Feed the Children mission statement, it could be expanded to provide more general information such as how the cost of transportation services is reduced by using the organization's own trucks.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Feed the Children Mission Statement
Strengths and Weaknesses
Core Competency Utilization
Improvements
Analysis of Mission Statement
From the Paper "If Feed the Children wanted to get much more complicated they could use the mission statement to discuss the fact that they deliver almost 200 million pounds of food on an annual basis to 65 nations including the United States. While this would put a lot of information and punch into the mission statement. it would go against expert advice that dictates the mission statement not be used to brag about a business or organization's accomplishments."
Abstract This paper analyzes two research papers which examine the correlation between breastfeeding and bonding. This paper briefly examines the results of social influences on women who choose breastfeeding and those who choose bottle-feeding. It explains how research has revealed the inadequacy of the medical profession on the argument of breastfeeding versus bottle-feeding and how this is a serious problem. The paper concludes that more research is necessary in order to determine whether breastfeeding does affect the mother-infant bond.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature on the Breastfeeding Vs. Bottle-feeding Debate
Conclusion
From the Paper "The cliche that breastfeeding is preferable over bottle-feeding because it helps forge a mother-daughter bond is a common one. Though medical evidence regarding this belief is lacking, general sentiment to date tends to revolve around a preference toward breastfeeding. The number of women who choose to breastfeed their children is growing, primarily owing to public and government health initiatives. However, are women really selecting breastfeeding over bottle-feeding in other to forge a mother-daughter bond? Or are other factors more instrumental?"
Abstract This paper looks at three aspects of aging: the use of feeding tubes; euthanasia/physician assisted suicide; and the dangers to the elderly by powerful nursing home executives. It describes the characteristics of patients and nursing homes relative to feeding tube use. It then describes experiences with euthanasia and physician assisted suicide in the Netherlands; and then describes what can happen to the elderly who have no one to stand up for them against unfair nursing home practices.
From the Paper "This paper by Curtin discusses a case study of unethical treatment of an elderly woman living in a retirement community. The woman and her husband both were married for years were very close and financially well-off. They were living in the facility when the..."
Abstract The paper looks at how really simple syndication (RSS) standards are used as a means of communicating updates from websites, blogs, news organizations and any other content-generating organization. The paper first discusses the strategies companies use that rely on RSS feeds. The paper then shows how it is critical for companies to offer this functionality across all forms of electronic media to give consumers and communications professionals the opportunity to stay continually informed regarding their subjects of interest.
Outline:
Introduction
RSS is a Critical Component of any Communications Strategy
Successful Strategies That Rely on RSS Feeds Summary
From the Paper "The collection of technologies referred to as Web 2.0 (Bernoff, Li, 2008) share the common goals of ensuring a higher level of communication, collaboration, information-sharing and responsiveness between individuals and groups. Web 2.0 is a commonly used term to define the second generation of services available over the Internet that are designed to enhance online interactive communication and collaboration (Bernoff, Li, 2005) (McAfee, 2006). One of the key technologies included in the Web 2.0 set of services is RSS (Really Simple Syndication) or as it is also referred to in other engineering specifications (Rich Site Summary) (Amorin, 2008) (Gaspar, 2005)."
This paper discusses concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) for swine and the environmental and human health hazards typically associated with such practices.
Abstract This paper explains that recent changes in swine-management practices, concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), have resulted in a growing controversy surrounding the environmental and public health effects of modern swine production. The author points out two problems in swine-management practices, including an increase in health hazards because of the confined spaces, and public relations problems for the industry, particularly in the communities immediately situated near such facilities. The paper relates that the industry deal with these issues by using sound environmental health practices in the workplace and by providing anaerobic lagoons to help remediate the large amount of biological wastes that are inevitably generated at such CAFOs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Environmental and Health Hazards Associated with CAFOs for Swine
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper "During the last half of the 20th century, agricultural growth and development in the United States has become more closely linked to a wide range of social and environmental problems. Partially because of the industrialization of farming and food production, soil and water resources have been degraded, wildlife habitats have been destroyed, and rural communities have been dissolved and uprooted.The scale, mechanization, specialization, capital-intensity, and chemical-intensity of agricultural production have dramatically increased, with the result that large agribusinesses and individual farm operators have come under greater environmental scrutiny associated with the broader "greening" of public opinion since 1970."
