Abstract This paper describes the FederalBureau of Investigation agency of the United States. The author relates the FBI's background and humble beginnings and discusses the agency mission. The paper also addresses job application processes and describes the duties, hierarchy and different division within the agency. In addition, the paper discusses the portrayal of the FBI in movies and news reports and talks about the advantages and disadvantages of working for the agency.
From the Paper "There would be numerous travels also but a Special Agent specially will get to see the darkest side of humanity when the individual starts investigating notorious or heinous crimes. The FBI has set the standards for solving hundreds if not thousands of crimes other law enforcement agencies have given up on. Of course, being in the FBI means having to put your life on the line during the course ones career, every FBI personnel knows about this. The Bureau has instilled in its membership the glory and honor of making the ultimate sacrifice in fulfillment of Fidelity, Bravery and Integrity - these men and women will always be remembered as heroes of the United States defending the law and the nation."
Abstract This paper outlines many problems within the FBI such as withholding pertinent information that may have prevented the September 11 attacks. The author points out that these problems are not new. The paper discusses the new corrective program introduced by the FBI head, Robert Mueller, that needs to be enforced and accepted by the FBI culture.
From the Paper "Another problem that has haunted the FBI in recent months is the discovery that veteran agent Robert Hanssen was a Russian spy for twenty-five years. The FBI was scrutinized because they did not possess a serious attitude regarding internal security issues, and the lack of a cohesive management structure indicates that departments were not aware of each other's activities. In response to the Hanssen scandal, Congress approved the creation of a new position within the Justice Department to oversee the activities of the FBI."
Abstract The FederalBureau of Investigation (FBI) began with a force of special agents which was created by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte. Theodore Roosevelt and Bonaparte agreed that efficiency and expertise should determine the correct people to serve in government. This philosophy was known as progressivism. The paper shows that in 1908, Bonaparte applied the progressive metaphysics to the Department of Justice by creating a corps of special agents. It had neither a name nor an officially designated leader other than the Attorney General. Yet, these former detectives and Secret Service men were the founding fathers of the FBI. The paper explores the history of the FBI until modern times.
From the Paper "Freeh began his tenure with a clearly vocalized agenda that would respond both to growing and deeper crime problems and to a new era of government downsizing. In his oath of office speech he called for new levels of cooperation among law enforcement agencies, both at home and abroad, and he announced his intention to restructure the FBI in order to maximize its operational response to crime."
Abstract This paper analyzes and examines the FBI's practices and compares it to Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy. Weber provided a theory regarding model bureaucracy that is utilized by many corporations and individuals today. The FBI is an organization that epitomizes Weber's theory of model bureaucracy. This paper discusses the shortcomings of the FBI and concludes with recommendations for improving the FBI's bureaucracy.
From the Paper "In comparing and contrasting the FBI's goals, objectives, and practices to Weber's model bureaucracy, numerous issues should be examined. First, do the FBI's real objectives differ from its stated goals and principles? Historically, the FBI's stated goals and principles are to ensure national security and serve the public. While the FBI ardently remains committed to pursuing and maintaining these objectives, often times, the FBI becomes so bogged down in bureaucracy that its real objectives become clouded and differ from its stated goals."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that in recent years, in part due to the terrorist attacks of 9-11, there has been much talk of moving the FederalBureau of Investigation (FBI) from its current positioning within the Department of Justice to a new position within the Department of Homeland Security. The writer discusses that although the FBI and Department of Homeland Security can certain work well together in a number of ways, the current positioning of the FBI as a branch of the Department of Justice is the correct one. The writer argues that by examining the duties of both the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security and comparing and contrasting the results, one can see that moving this organization would be a mistake.
From the Paper "Fuel is added to the fire of this problem in two ways if the FBI is moved to the Department of Homeland Security. First, the FBI is now providing the check and balance system the Department of Homeland Security needs in order to be investigated when civil liberties are violated. With the FBI as a part of this organization, there is a potential for it to become a superpower within the government. The second way this adds to the problem is that the FBI would also come under this umbrella of abusing civil liberties."
A comparative analysis of the information systems security strategies of the FederalBureau of Investigation (FBI) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Abstract This paper examines how, since the 9/11 incidents, information systems security has been a primary concern by all organizations as a result of the consequences that resulted in the loss of data and information in the ensuing attacks. It discusses the information systems security strategies of two federal agencies: the FederalBureau of Investigation (FBI) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It looks at how these two distinct agencies are opposites in term of their mandates; one is the premier law enforcement and security agency of the nation that already has a hard core security function as its mission while the other one sets the standards in various aspects of technology and business processes.
From the Paper "The FBI is the premier federal law enforcement and criminal investigative body of the United States. It is under the Department of Justice (DOJ) and has as its mission: "To protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners." Its current director, Robert S. Mueller III, literally went through a "baptism of fire" because of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. He was recently sworn in a week before the attacks (September 4, 2001) thus not having the luxury of a "honeymoon period" in the agency. In fiscal year 2006, the total budget of the FBI was approximately $5.7 billion, including $495 million in program increases to enhance counterterrorism, counterintelligence, cyber crime, information technology, security, forensics, training, and criminal programs ."
Abstract This paper discusses how, from 1978-1980, the FederalBureau of Investigations conducted a sting operation known as Abscam, which resulted in the criminal convictions of politicians in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, as well as a Senator and six members of the House. The paper contends that Abscam was one of the ugliest chapters in modern political history, destroying the careers and reputations of political figures at the local, state and federal levels. In particular, the paper looks at how one political figure who managed to emerge from the scandal relatively unscathed is John Murtha, who is now one of the longest-serving members of Congress. The paper also discusses how historians, political scientists, social commentators and criminologists have long debated whether Murtha should have been more aggressively pursued by the House and by the federal Justice Department.
Outline:
Murtha's Role in Abscam
House Ethics
Criminal Laws Broken?
Conclusion
From the Paper "From Murtha's perspective, he was exonerated. He has long declared his innocence, rightly pointing out that he never accepted a bribe during the meeting (Hannity and Colmes, 2006). Washington Post reporter Jack Anderson, who covered Abscam for the paper, offers a back-handed defense of Murtha, saying he played "perhaps the saddest scene on the secret Abscam videotapes. ... He refused to take the money, but his reason was hardly noble (Murtha: 'I expect,' 2006)." Indeed, one could argue that Murtha's reasons did not have to be noble. In the end, he did not take a bribe and arguably did not deserve to be as aggressively prosecuted as his colleagues, who accepted money."
This paper is an assessment of current and future employment and advancement opportunities with the FBI, including pay, benefits, education requirements, training and available locations.
Abstract This paper explains that, in the wake of the Home Security Act of 2002 and the FBI Reform Act of 2002, the FederalBureau of Investigation (FBI) is experiencing some shifts in human resource policies, which will affect current and future employees. The author points out that, while the FBI enjoys a certain "cloak-and-dagger" quality to its image, the reality is that the FBI requires employees for a wide range of job opportunities besides special agents. The jobs include professional support roles in any number of positions such as computer specialist, crime scene specialist, linguist and intelligence research specialist. The paper states that the FBI is headquartered in Washington, D.C.; the agency maintains field offices in a number of large cities throughout the United States, Puerto Rico and several major foreign cities.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Pay and Benefits
Employment and Advancement Opportunities
Employment Locations
Conclusion
From the Paper "Not surprisingly, pay scales are tied to the types of work involved, as well as other factors such as employment location (cost of living allowances are paid as with other federal positions) and seniority. In this regard, the FBI falls under the federal employment regimen, and employees receive GS ratings; special agents, for example, can attain a GS 15 rating and are eligible for "availability pay," which is equal to 25 percent of their annual base salary."
Abstract This paper discusses the various roles of the FederalBureau of Investigation (FBI). It specifically focuses on the FBI witness protection program. The paper discusses some previous cases and then looks at how the FBI decides who is given immunity and protection and whether these decisions are being made properly or even should be made at all.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Witness Protection
The Witness Protection Program
Analysis
From the Paper "Some people in the program itself have also raised complaints, stating that the government has not lived up to its agreement in some way or that the program itself is no longer needed in an era when the formerly powerful mob is no longer powerful: "Omerta, the mob law of silence, is long dead. With so many informants, targeting just one is pointless" (McShane, 2000, p. A1). The criminality of people like Sammy Gravano even while in the program has also been a point of contention, raising the question of how much the program is protecting questionable witnesses and not the public. The public questions the way the FBI and others decide whom to protect when people hear about cases like that of Boston mob hit man Joseph Barboza, who was aided by the FBI in 1971 to get him off of death row in California so he would not recant in a 1965 Massachusetts case that sent four innocent men to prison. He was aided when two FBI agents testified on his behalf. This has been deemed a cover-up that lasted more than thirty years. Two of the men wrongly sentenced died while in prison, while the other two were released after serving more than thirty years. The cover-p was discovered when the files of the two FBI agents who participated "revealed Barboza lied to the jury when he accused the four men of playing roles in the murder of the amateur boxer who offended Mob bosses" (Lawrence 2001, para. 13). Evidence has also been offered to show that Barboza killed several people while in the Witness Protection Program. Barboza himself was killed by a hitman in 1976."
Abstract The paper relates that the bombings of the World Trade Towers brought the conflict between the FBI and CIA to the surface. The paper looks at the two government agencies associated with gathering intelligence on activities that might threaten US lives and interests. The paper examines the conflict between the two agencies in terms of how it effects the current and future situation of the war on terrorism. The paper shows how the two agencies are set up for two entirely different purposes, but maintains that they must still be able to communicate and talk civilly together.
Outline:
Different Worlds: Cultural Effects
Defining New Roles: Gender Effects
Technological Barriers
Prospective and Trans-active goals
Lens Model of Conflict
From the Paper "The differences between the CIA and FBI stem from their original set up at their inception. They were initially set up for different functions, and only recently has the need to work closely stood in their way to perform their individual jobs. The key to the problem is communication between the two groups. One must delve into the origins of the two groups to understand these differences fully."
"The Central Intelligence Agency began in 1947 as a completely separate entity from the FBI. Interactions between the two groups have even been hostile at times (Gorman, 2007). Both groups share the goal of protecting the United States from hostile attacks, but they each had their own way of handling situations and developed a type of territorial attitude in order to avoid stepping on one another's efforts (Gorman, 2007). This attitude made it difficult for them to work as a team."
Abstract There is a new technology of criminal activity which involves the use electronic means of communication in committing crimes. This paper looks in greater depth at some of these issues by examining the FBI Carnivore system, how it was developed, what its capacities are, and the problems civil libertarians and others see.
From the paper:
"It has a ferocious name. And its bark is in fact probably just about as bad as its bite. And while it certainly has the power to do good, the inherent costs may make it not worthwhile.
The FBI's Carnivore system is a tool used by this law enforcement agency to snare criminals who use electronic means of communication in committing their crimes, allowing this federal agency to collect and examine email and other electronic traffic sent and received by those suspected or accused of crimes ? along, of course, with the rest of us. While the crime-fighting capacities of such a capability can be seen to be substantial, it should also be clear that such a system has the ability (if improperly used) to cause substantial harm to the rights of the innocent because most people do not realize that their electronic correspondence can be seized and examined. An essential bedrock of the American legal system (and indeed of American culture) rests on the English common-law assumption that people have a basic right to privacy and that unless they should assume or know otherwise that they have a presumption of that privacy. Thus a person shouting on a public street has no reasonable expectation of privacy. A person sitting at her computer sending email to her mother does."
Abstract The paper provides an overview and analyzes the various aspects of the report, "Health Care in the FederalBureau of Prisons: Fact or Fiction", in terms of qualitative research provisions and expectations. The paper examines the problem studied in the report, which looks at whether prisoners' rights to medical care, such as those afforded under the Eighth Amendment that bans cruel and unusual punishment, are being met. The paper explains that the central problem that the article continuously refers to is the underlying lack of concern and compassion for the health of prisoners. The paper examines the design, methods, strengths and limitations of this study.
Outline:
Introduction
The Problem
Study Purpose
The Research Question
Study Design
Subjects and Setting
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures
Strengths and Limitations
From the Paper "Furthermore it is important to bear in mind the following essential differences between these two forms of research in an analysis of the article. The qualitative researcher is "explicitly a part of the data gathering process whereas in quantitative, the researcher is formally an independent entity." (Qualitative research: Wikipedia) This means that the researcher is subjectively involved with the data collection and selections, which also implies the negative aspect of possible bias. Qualitative research also normally makes use of unstructured data rather the structure data."
This paper discusses how the use of DNA evidence helps with criminal investigations because it can provide a positive link to a suspect in a crime or find them innocent.
Abstract This paper lays out how DNA has become a vital tool is criminal investigations. Areas that are discussed are how even with the smallest drop of blood it can link a suspect to a crime. The paper shows how the use of DNA database evidence also assists in solving old crimes by linking a suspect. As the technology continues to change DNA will be extracted from many other areas such as even fingerprint oils. DNA testing has accomplished a great deal in opening up new sources of forensic evidence, its full potential to identify perpetrators and exonerate people falsely convicted has yet to be realized.
From the Paper "First developed in England in 1985, DNA testing takes advantage of the fact that, with the exception of identical twins, the genetic material of each person is unique. DNA is the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid, which carries the genetic code of each human's body, the genetic blueprint we inherit from our parents. DNA, while not actually a part of saliva, urine, perspiration or tears, is found in one place, the nucleus of cells. Since these cells are found in all bodily fluids, tissue and hair, DNA is an omnipresent residue that trails us wherever we go. These physical properties of DNA have made it an important tool in fighting crime."
Abstract Federal contracts for construction, while similar in many respects to other types of federal contracts, have some unique aspects that have caused the federal government to create a system of rules within the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) specific to construction contracts. The federal government has been justified in creating these rules separate from those that apply specifically to supply and service contracts. This paper focuses on some of the unique rules and regulations that apply to federal construction contracts, including those related to contract types, labor laws, specifications, payments, delays, and differing site conditions.
Abstract
Overview
Contract Types
Federal Construction Contracting Laws
Contract Performance and Specifications
Payment Financing
Delays
Differing Site Conditions
References
From the Paper "The federal government is the largest owner of real property in the world (Bastianelli, et. al., 1998), so it stands to reason that they spend an enormous amount of money on construction and maintenance of that property. It is difficult to gauge exactly how much the federal government spends on construction annually, but it is noteworthy that the Department of Defense alone planned to award over $10 billion on construction contracts in 2002 (Bush, 2001). Because of this significant amount of construction outsourcing, and the intricacies that go along with construction contracting, the federal government has been justified in developing unique regulations and rules for construction contracts. The federal government, in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), defines construction as, ?"construction, alteration, or repair (including dredging, excavating, and painting) of buildings, structures, or other real property"? (FAR 2.101). Determining whether or not something is considered a building or a structure is general straightforward, although there are always exceptions. However, the line defining whether or not something is real property can, at times, be somewhat unclear. The FAR does not provide a definition for real property, but in federal contracts the common legal definition is used, that real property is, ?"land and all things that are attached to it"? (Lectric Law Library, 2003). Though many of the clauses, terms and conditions, and rules applicable to federal construction contracts are the same, or similar, to those that are used on federal contracts for supplies, there are a number of differences in the nature of contracting for construction that have caused the federal government to create separate laws that deal specifically with federal construction contracts. One of the major differences is that construction contracts are performed on Government property. Because of this, construction contractors are subject to a great deal more in the area of inspections and general surveillance on their contracts (Abernathy and Kelleher, 1976). Construction contracts typically have much more paperwork than federal supply contracts. On construction contracts, a contractor is required to file daily reports showing that they complied with all the unique construction regulations, including safety, schedules, and submittals of material samples (Arnavas, 2001, ?? 27.4.a.). Construction contracts are subject to much greater scrutiny on performance than supply contracts, as detailed analysis and explanation of any deficiencies are reported to contractors and contractors have the right to respond. Past performance information is also kept on construction contracts for six years, where the norm on supply contracts is three years (Arnavas, 2001, ?? 27.4.a). Other differences that will be the focus of this paper include contract types, labor laws, specifications, payments, delays, and differing site conditions."
An overview of federal aid given in the form of a supplement to local schools based on their conformity to established guidelines under the No Child Left Behind Act.
Abstract This paper addresses several issues relating to the No Child Left Behind legislation. It compares and contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of federal aid, discusses what legal opportunities or consequences accompany receiving federal aid, examines and evaluates the meaning and implications of supplanting and examines how someone could prepare for changes in the different areas on the revenue and expenditures of a school district based on in demographic and economic factors.
Tags:Federal aid, local schools, federal regulation, No child left behind, federal funding, NEA, union opposition
