Abstract
This paper reviews the book "The Resurrection of Father Brown" by G.K. Chesterton and examines how the author presents a variety of characters, each representing a certain social and political faction and its related interests. In particular it shows how he presents two pairs of characters, one North American and one South American, to create a context of comparison and contrast and how through these characters Chesterton creates both the argument against and the defense for the role of the Church in colonial lands. It examines how Chesterton tries to reverse the notion that Catholic missions exploit the innocence and ignorance of native people by suggesting a deeper plot of exploitation perpetrated by the convergence of various conflicting factions.

From the Paper
"The first and most important character we meet in the story, the American newspaper man, Paul Snaith, displays what can in many ways, be considered a typical North American attitude. Beginning with his opinion of the "natives," he displays opinions symbolic of the American outlook. Displaying an infamous indifference towards other peoples and cultures, Snaith, upon encountering the locals, "would probably have described them as natives, though some of them were very proud of their Spanish blood. But he was not one to draw any fine distinction between Spaniards and Red Indians, being rather disposed to dismiss people from the scene when once he had convicted them of being native to it (94)." "

Tags:miracles, missionary, natives, priests, protestant

Abstract
This paper examines Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" and Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," comparing the relationships of the protagonists with the father figures. The paper discusses the symbolic meaning of the father figures and the contrasts between the two stories involving either support or opposition to the father figure.

From the Paper
"The relationships of the protagonists with their father figures in Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" and Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" are rich with symbolic meaning and pose an interesting contrast to one another. Whereas Kafka's protagonist labors to support and sustain his father, Hawthorne's protagonist is vehemently opposed to the father figure in the story, the devil and attempts to resist him."

Tags:Kafka, Hawthorne, The Metamorphosis , Young Goodman Brown , Bible, father, sin, hypocrisy

Abstract
This paper describes the main characters and the plot in Charles Brockden Brown's novel "Wieland, or the Transformation: An American Tale". The paper explains that the novel is about the transformation of its main characters, Theodore Wieland, Carwin and Clara, and that their transformations also reflected the transformation that America was going through at the time the book was written.

From the Paper
""Wieland, or The Transformation: An American Tale traces the demoralization and demise of an enlightened household in prerevolutionary Pennsylvania." The story was based "...on accounts of a religiously inspired mass homicide that took place near Tomhanick, New York, in 1781." This is Brown's "...best known and studied romance...""

Tags:sister, brother, unexplained, voices, devout, father, mysterious, death, butchers, wife, children

Abstract
This paper examines how Charles Brockden Brown, frequently called the father of the American novel, believed he wrote strong, independent female characterizations in his novels. This paper refutes that supposition by demonstrating how dependent Clara is on her brother in Brown's 1798 novel, "Wieland". It explores how every action and reaction on Clara's part shows just how much of an archetype of the typical 18th century woman Clara really is.

From the Paper
"Charles Brockden Brown includes many elements of Romantic literature, the emphasis on the imagination, a predilection for the mysterious, the weird, the occult, the diseased, and even the Satanic, in the dark image of Carwin. He allows Clara, through his selected mode of storytelling, (epistolary) to examine the human personality, in search of spiritual and rational truths. Brown knew that "Romantic critics such as Schleiermacher called for readers' sympathetic identification with the author" (Leitch 12). He understood that "writing books that sold required entertaining as well as edifying their readers" (Lauter 1233). Brown was astute enough to realize that the developing changes in the country after the American Revolution, with the advent of factories to manufacture the goods formerly produced by women in the home, created an audience of educated, idle women (Lauter 1243)."

Tags:feminist, wieland, romantic

Abstract
Charles Brockden Brown, often credited as the "Father of the American Novel" and the author of the first American novel, believed he supported a feminist viewpoint and that his female characters were strong independent women. This paper disagrees with Brown and, instead, details why Clara, the heroine of his novel "Wieland", is the archetype of the typical 18th century woman, dependent on a man and incapable of making rational decisions.

From the Paper
"Although Leslie A. Fiedler calls Charles Brockden Brown the "inventor of the American writer", and sees the revolt of the European middle classes translating in America to "feminism and anti-intellectualism," Brockden Brown seems to have a problem imbuing Clara, his narrator in Wieland, with these same qualities (145). From the one-line reference [in the Advertisement] to the book's narration by "the lady whose story it contains," to the final explanation of that narrator's marriage to a man who placed her in an untenable (and life threatening) situation with his erroneous and unspeakable accusations, Charles Brockden Brown has created, in the character of Clara, an accurate representation of the predicament of the typical eighteenth-century American woman."

Tags:18th, american, analysis, feminism, gothic, literary, literature, novel

Abstract
The paper looks at the background of Robert Browning and his early years in the island of St. Kitts within the Caribbean. The paper relates that Robert Browning's father worked at the Bank of England where he began to work although he wanted to become an artist. The paper also mentions that Browning received scarce education yet read many books and poems where he familiarized himself in conceptualizing atheist values.

Tags:porphyria, browning, victorian

Abstract
The paper relates that in "My Last Duchess," we are introduced to four characters through the monologue that is the singular voice of the Duke. The paper describes how the duke, speaking to an agent (there to negotiate new marriage arrangements), speaks of his late wife and of the father of his next bride-to-be, the Count. The paper asserts that it is the corrupt aristocratical power of the Renaissance that sets the stage for the duke to casually detail, for his listener, his murder of the duchess.

From the Paper
"The Renaissance is implied at the opening of "My Last Duchess" with one word, Ferrara. This is thought to refer to the Duke of Ferrara (1533-1598) who lived during the late Italian Renaissance. Additionally, the Duke had a young wife Lucrezia, the daughter of Cosmo de'Medici, who died after only two years of marriage and was rumored to have been poisoned. The setting for the poem is further with imbued with references to titles, dowries, and to a bronze of Neptune, all contemporary facets of the Renaissance period (Dubois 1, 3). The appearance of Neptune is significant as the Renaissance artists..."

Tags:browning, foucault, duchess

Abstract
This paper explains that, in "Hamlet", Shakespeare uses literal invisibility only once; however, there are several instances in which he uses a motif of figurative invisibility, when characters are present but unseen. The author points out that Gwendolyn Brooks' brief poem 'We Real Cool' reflects a modern understanding of invisibility as people about whom no one cares rather than in the classic motif of a character whom some can see while others cannot. The paper relates that, in Shakespeare's "Hamlet", Robert Browning's poem "My Last Duchess" and William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" the living characters try to deal with the dead. The author points out that Prince Hamlet is driven by the ghost of his father, Browning's Duke Alphonso has reduced his late wife to a curtained off, collectible art object and Faulkner's Miss Emily has clung for thirty years to the hidden body of the lover she felt she could not keep were he alive.

Table of Contents:
The Theme of Invisibility
Shakespeare's "Hamlet"
Gwendolyn Brooks' Poem 'We Real Cool'
Ralph Ellison' "Invisible Man"
The Theme of Keeping the Dead Living
Robert Browning's "My Last Duchess"
William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"

From the Paper
"The "Invisible Man" is a black youth in the segregated deep South. His invisibility stems from the fact that the whites around him are determined to maintain a racial caste. To do this, they have made those who were slaves "invisible." When the ten youths are summoned to the hotel ballroom and shoved blindfolded into the boxing ring, the white crowd does not see then as human beings. They are the countless racial slurs that are yelled out at them. They are the animalistic violence that drives the crowd to a frenzy."

Tags:ghost, motif, figurative, caring, characters

Abstract
This paper draws comparisons and notes differences between two poems, "Ulysses" (Alfred Lord Tennyson) and "My Last Duchess" (Robert Browning). The paper shows how both Robert Browning and Alfred Lord Tennyson chose to express their work in the form of a dramatic monologue. Browning writes about the Duke of Ferrara, who is speaking to a servant of his potential father in law. Tennyson's poem concerns the Greek epic hero Ulysses, who, in spite of his old age,speaks of his wish to embark on one last adventure.

From the Paper
"Robert Browning writes from history, referring to the Duke of Ferrara, who was suspected of arranging the murder of his wife. In Browning's poem, the Duke is looking for another wife. His interlocutor is the servant of a Count, whose daughter the Duke wishes to marry. By contrast, Tennyson evokes the epic tale of the eponymous hero, but was not inspired by Homer. He instead writes in correlation with the version of Ulysses life told by the Italian poet Dante in his poem Inferno. Ulysses is speaking after his return to Ithaca, and he tells the reader of his dislike of his more sedate retired life as King of Ithaca. Ulysses passionately expresses his wish for one last adventure, explaining Tennyson's view that old age is not necessarily a time to wind down and reflect on past glories."

Tags:oddyseus, poetry, victorian

Abstract
This paper explains that the Mexican revolutionaries of the novel fight to preserve their cultural integrity against impingement by Anglos seeking to profit off the Mexican land with a rapaciousness paralleling the British colonizers to the American colonies, hence, the designation of the novel's protagonist as an ironically named George Washington Gomez. The author points out that the greatest internal and external crisis of the novel occurs when Gualinto kills the revolutionary and prison escapee, Lupe Garda, symbolically killing his seditionist father, his own identity, and the integrity of the community, showing how the Anglo encroachment of law and education has fully impinged upon Gualinto's mind. The paper relates that author Americo Paredes makes parallels throughout his book with the counter-revolutionary actions of the protagonist and that of earlier revolutionary periods of internal division in American history; for example, a man is noted as having a "John Brown beard," tying the initial description to the earlier American era of anti-slavery revolts in America, such as John Brown's raid upon Harper's Ferry.

From the Paper
"During the height of the military crisis, Gualinto must continually wrestle with his own values and beliefs. He has returned to his community after higher education, law school and the military, all ideologies that have taught him that his people's ways are inferior to white ways. One of the earliest examples of Gualinto verbally expressing his sense of self-hatred occurs in the context of a discussion over money for college, as Gualinto rants against his father, calling him an "ignorant Mexican," even though the boy is of his father's own nation, flesh, and blood, a Mexican himself."

Tags:colonizers, counter-revolutionary, protagonist, father, law