Abstract
This paper discusses fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). It describes what fetal alcohol syndrome is and how it can be prevented. The paper particularly describes the permanent impact of fetal alcohol syndrome on the children born with it and also describes its manifestation in adults. The paper concludes with what steps should be taken if a child is born with suspected FAS.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
What It Is
Impact
The Answer Conclusion

From the Paper
"As adults, those who have FAS experience the same difficulties but often encounter problems with the legal and court system because of the cause and effect issues. They often have trouble with alcohol abuse themselves, and often lose custody of their children. In addition they have a higher than average instance of mental health issues.
The behavior issues in people with FAS are documented in many research studies. Most children with FAS reach the peak of their intellectual ability by the fourth grade. At that time they start noticing that they are different than their age peers, behavior issues begin to emerge founded in self esteem issues, anger issues and depression.
Adolescents with FAS often take part in risky behavior in an attempt to fit in or they become depressed and may have thoughts of suicide."

Tags:CNS, hyperactivity, deficits

Abstract
This paper describes the causes and symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. The paper discusses the effects of Fetal Alcohol syndrome in the areas of emotional development and cognitive development, including learning disabilities. The paper also addresses the effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in school and social settings.

Tags:Fetal, Alcohol, Syndrome

Abstract
This paper discusses the causes of fetal alcohol syndrome, the treatments available and the diagnostic procedures for the disorder. It also speaks in depth about the effects of fetal alcohol syndrome on the fetus. The writer points out that the child, and the adult and the disorder progresses with age. Further, the writer discusses the causes of the disorder, in addition to preventative measures.

From the Paper
"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, (FAS) can affect a child in the areas of motor, behavioral and speech development. It is a disease that has one common cause, and that is the use of alcohol during pregnancy. Often misdiagnosed, FAS carries with it marked signs for proper evaluation of its existence in a child, and treatments are available for the disorder. Unfortunately, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the source of life long illnesses. These illnesses may be mild in some cases, and quite profound in others. While the medical community cannot cure any child who suffers from FAS, there are preventative measures and treatments that all medical professionals should be aware of in dealing with the disorder. As many studies conclude, there is no definitive guideline regarding the amount of alcohol that can be consumed during a pregnancy in order for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome to be avoided."

Tags:nursing, fas, treatment

Abstract
This paper examines fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). It discusses the causal relationship between alcohol and FAS and the effects of FAS on the child. The paper discusses three criteria of effects - growth deficiency, clustered anomalies, and damage to the central nervous system. Finally, the paper looks at the economic costs of FAS and the moves to prevent its occurrence.

From the Paper
"In the three decades since Jones and Smith named a cluster of anomalies as a syndrome, the presence of fetal alcohol syndrome has shaped legislation, redefined public policy, and generated millions of dollars in research and study. And still, it remains a condition that is at once very hidden from view and very public. Hidden are the social and cultural variables that are at the root of FAS, the attitudes towards alcohol and the female body that continue to be hedged always in ambiguities and hypocrisies. FAS is preventable, and yet we as a culture seem unwilling to take the necessary steps to eradicate it once and for all. And the reminders of this failure, both personal and collective, is evident in the faces of those who suffer the affects of their mother's drinking, those who remain forever the public face of a syndrome that we have the power to control."

Tags:FASD, growth, anomalies, alcoholism

Abstract
The paper provides a literature review of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and its prevention. The paper describes a planned social activity which will promote maternal and infant health. The paper explains how sample pregnant alcoholics, reformed women alcoholics and health professionals will be brought together in a direct encounter and will exchange information, motivation and insights. The paper outlines the implementation and significance of this event.

Outline:
Statement of the Problem
Review of Literature
Heading of Health Promotion Project
Project Objectives
Content Outline and Implementation
Significance of the Project
Project Innovation
Project Evaluation Methods

From the Paper
"Fetal alcohol syndrome has been identified as a leading cause of mental retardation affecting .2 - 1.5% of live births. It also produces physical defects in the child. Pregnant and other women of childbearing age who drink have to be motivated into giving up the habit or at least reducing it. The future of these children and of the nation's health depends on what is being done today to insure it. Among the health promotion priorities of Healthy People 2000 concerns alcohol and other drugs and maternal and infant health is among its priority preventive service. This study seeks to initiate a social activity, which will promote maternal and infant health by bringing together sample pregnant alcoholics, reformed women alcoholics and health professionals in a direct encounter and exchange of information, motivation and insights."

Tags:alcoholics, women, pregnancy, drinking, retardation

Abstract
The paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes how fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is diagnosed, and the effects of FAS both physically and mentally on children and adults. The paper discusses how fetal alcohol syndrome is a pervasive disease that affects both mother and child. The paper examines how FAS can cause both physical and mental symptoms in each patient. The paper concludes that diagnosis indicates even a small amount of alcohol can have neuro-behavioral effects on the child, thus it is imperative to identify the problem in the mother early in the pregnancy and advise against alcohol consumption.

Outline:
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
References

From the Paper
"If the mother drinks during pregnancy, and many scientists believe even one drink can have an effect, then the child will probably have some sort of damage. The entire group of disorders is usually referred to as FAS or FASD (Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder). This disorder can create a number of physical, mental, and behavioral effects in the children born with it, and these symptoms can last into adulthood and throughout life. FAS is a serious disorder with equally serious consequences. Diagnosis can be difficult, but early diagnosis is crucial for treatment and management of the disorder."

Tags:gestation, prenatal, wine, beer, binge, drinking, low, socioeconomic

Abstract
The paper relates that fetal alcohol syndrome disorders are caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The paper discusses how fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a disorder that lasts for the life of the affected individual and inflicts a number of serious physical and mental disabilities. The paper describes the criteria for the diagnosis of FAS, the procedure for diagnosis and three possible interventions in prevention and treatment.

From the Paper
"The diagnosis of FAS is based on several criteria. These include maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy, facial feature abnormalities, deficiencies in normal growth, and dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS). Specifically, the diagnosis of FAS requires documentation of all three of the following: facial abnormalities (smooth philtrum, thin vermillion border, and small palpebral fissures), growth deficits, and CNS abnormalities (structural, neurological or functional, or a combination) (National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities)."

Tags:pregnancy, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, dysfunction, abnormalities

Abstract
This paper discusses fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), a combination of birth defects that is associated with consuming alcohol during pregnancy and which is the leading cause of mental retardation and birth defects. It provides a look at FAS, using four reliable sources as a basis of analysis. The sources used are Streissguth, Jacobson and Jacobson, the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD), and the National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS). The information obtained from these sources is compared with the textbook, "Infants and Children Prenatal Through Middle Childhood", by Laura Berk.

From the Paper
"The terms FAS, fetal alcohol effects (FAE), possible fetal alcohol effects (PFAE), and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) are not interchangeable. Notes Streissguth, "Children who have only some of the characteristics of FAS (i.e., not enough for a full diagnosis) are often said to have fetal alcohol effects (FAE) or possible fetal alcohol effects (PFAE)" (p. 5). The terms FAE and PFAE have no distinct distinguishing criteria that make them a separate diagnosis, although they can be as destructive as FAS on the patient. The Institute of Medicine introduced the term alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) in the mid-1980s, a term that centered in on the CNS characteristics of the disease, rather than growth deficiencies and facial characteristics."

Tags:neurodevelopmental, disorder, congenital, pregnancy

Abstract
This paper analyzes the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effect (FAE) on American Indian reservations. It discusses the effects of lack of education, proper prenatal care and community resources as some of the immediate factors playing central roles in the perpetuation of gestational drinking on reservations. The paper examines preventative approaches that are evolving and being used on American Indian reservations.

Table of Contents:
Facts About FAS
Prevention
Treatment Options
Cultural Considerations
In Conclusion

From the Paper
"Alcohol produces more significant neurobehavioral effects in the fetus than other drugs, including marijuana, cocaine and heroin (NOFAS, 2005). Additionally, current studies indicate that no amount of alcohol is safe for consumption by an expectant mother. This contradicts recent information suggesting the calming effect of a glass of wine for the mother was harmless to the baby inside. In fact, occasional drinks as well as sporadic binge drinking can cause detrimental damage to the unborn child. A number of organizations founded within the last 10-15 years focus on prevention of FAS and other drug related birth defects."

Tags:prevention, prenatal, gestational, drinking, defects

Abstract
The paper outlines how this recent CBC news article discusses the important health issue of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in Canada. The paper discusses the causes, incidence and prevention of this disorder, but points out that the information discussed in the article could have been more effective had appropriate statistical figures been used. The paper asserts, however, that despite this deficiency, the article highlights the existing lack of consensus among the physicians in Canada about alcohol use and the lack of a clear policy guideline that could be universally adopted. This paper argues that it is time that Canada, which is supposedly enjoying the highest standards of healthcare in the world, wakes up to this growing crisis.

From the Paper
"A recent CBC news article discusses the important health issue of fetal alcohol syndrome in Canada. Fetal alcohol syndrome refers to a spectrum of disorders from learning disabilities to impaired memory, loss of attention span to hyperactivity, physical deformities such as facial distortions, cardiac complications, etc. Prenatal exposure to alcohol is the cause of this group of symptoms, which are collectively known as the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). The article quotes Dr.Vyta Senikas, the vice president of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada. "It is one of the most common birth defects that we see. The key issue with this birth defect is that it is completely preventable". [CBC News]"

Tags:women, health, gynecologists, physicians